Transcript Slide 1

Vocational Rehabilitation
for Persons with Multiple Disabilities
Concept Paper on Vocational Rehabilitation at State
level workshop on
“Needs & Deeds of adults with multiple disabilities”
15th September 2011
Presented by
R. Narasimham
Chairman, Expert Committee for
Developing Courses in
Vocational Rehab & Allied subjects
(Rehabilitation Council of India)
Types of Multiple Disabilities
Difficult to categorize as all sorts of permutations and
combinations of physical and intellectual disabilities are
seen with varying possibilities and different residual
abilities.
Learning and teaching methodologies change
accordingly.
Capacity to acquire academic and daily living skills also
differ
Vocational skills therefore have to be designed to suit
residual abilities.
No authentic information is available on the incidence
of Multiple Disabilities
VR for MD - NIEPMD
2
I.L.O. Vocational Rehabilitation (Disabled)
Recommendations ( 1955 & 1983)
the term vocational rehabilitation means that
part of the continuous and coordinated process
of rehabilitation which involves the provision of
vocational services, such as
vocational guidance,
vocational training and
selective placement,
designed to enable a disabled person to secure
and retain suitable employment
(UNCRPD implies Progress also)
Vocational Rehabilitation is the most tangible of all rehab
measures that result in psychological and social well being
and an inclusive atmosphere.
VR for MD - NIEPMD
3
Concept of Vocational Rehabilitation
The
Concept
of
Vocational training &
rehabilitation itself has
come in just about 40 –
45 years ago in India.
Even
among
the
Developed Nations the
concept dates back to
the end of Second
World War (1945)
 Focus has always been
on medical or surgical
intervention
and
education
 While
teaching
and
learning are disability
oriented, do not forget
that the jobs are not
created for the disabled,
nor are they designed to
suit the disabled.
VR for MD - NIEPMD
4
Paradigm Shift from disability to job
•
•
•
•
While it is true that medical, therapeutic and learning is influenced by the
impairment, jobs are not so.
Any Voc Rehab worker has to understand the needs of the employer and the
job requirements.
Jobs have to be modified or job operations have to be identified to suit the
abilities of the person & not the other way.
Job analysis is fundamental to vocational rehab.
Doctors & Rehab team –
Shift from Medical Model
Disabled Person –
Shift to Social Model
VR for MD - NIEPMD
5
What is Job analysis?
Job analysis is a systematic approach to
defining the job role, description,
requirements, responsibilities, evaluation,
etc.
It helps in finding out required level of
education, skills, knowledge, training, etc for
the job position.
It also depicts the job worth i.e.
measurable effectiveness of the job and
contribution of job to the organization.
VR for MD - NIEPMD
6
Job Analysis – How?
How
do
you
stitch a button ?
Mark, Hold a needle,
Thread the needle,
Hold the button,
insert needle with
thread into cloth &
button,
pull
out,
repeat
for a few
times, tie the end,
cut the thread.
How do you fix a
Switch Board ?
Mark, Cut, place the
Switches and screw
them. In the process,
use the saw to cut,
hold the switches in
place,
put
the
screws, hold the
Screw Driver and
turn it clockwise till it
is firm
Now that is job analysis.
We talked of tasks, jobs of Assistant to
tailor & Assistant to Domestic Wireman
& occupation of Tailor & Wireman
VR for MD - NIEPMD
7
Task Analysis
 We discussed in detail about the Job analysis. We saw
different tasks performed to complete a job.
 What are different parameters required for
performing each of the tasks efficiently?
 You need to have different qualities for Threading the needle
and fixing the Board
 Each task calls for certain physical requirements,
education, training, intelligence, psychomotor
coordination, decision making (Intelligence &
experience) and so on…….
 Analyzing & identifying the required parameters is task
analysis.
 Task analysis is the natural concomitant to job
analysis.
VR for MD - NIEPMD
8
Job Analysis
Job analysis is needed to decide on the exact work
tasks on which a disabled could be optimally
employed.
 Job Analysis is one of the basic techniques for job
identification or job development or client-oriented
job.
A
job may be defined as a collection of tasks
performed by a worker in a single establishment.
A task is defined as one activity that requires
exertion of human effort - mental or physical - for
a specific purpose.
An occupation (as we find in the National
Classification of Occupations – More than 2500
Occupations) is defined as a group of similar jobs
found in various establishments.
It may be pointed out that even though the
jobs may be similar there are different
variables, which affect placement effort.
VR for MD - NIEPMD
9
Job Variables - 4 Ms & 4 Ss
 Methods - Sewing
by Hand, Machine
etc…
Specialization - One
man Shop Vs Plant
Surroundings -
Carpenter Inside Vs
Materials - Sewing
Outside
m/c operator Silk Vs
Special Assignments Canvas
Personal Assistant ,
 Machines - Printing
Combination of jobs
m/c Platen Vs Large
Selected tasks automated m/c
Measurementvaried Speed
accuracy Precision
Clerk-cum-Typist
Combination of work
tasks
VR for MD - NIEPMD
10
Vocational Evaluation
Functional ability despite impairment
Capacity to withstand physical, mental
and emotional strain associated with the
occupation
 Identify areas where the possibilities to
enhance vocational potential
Identify the vocational needs of the pwmd
 Assess skills
Assess potential for retraining for reemployment
 Assess work environmental modification
to suit the individual
VR for MD - NIEPMD
11
RANGE OF EVALUATION
Every job has certain attributes and can be performed
efficiently only when the person has abilities. This is
assessed
primarily
through
subjective-objective
assessment techniques and procedures.
S
K
A
P
A
T
I
---------------
SKILL
KNOWLEDGE
ABILITY (to work)
PHYSICAL CAPACITY
APTITUDE
TRAITS(Personality)
INTERESTS
VR for MD - NIEPMD
12
Job Selection
Job
Individual
Skilled Semi-Skilled Un-Skilled
Disabled person
 Physical Requirements
 Physical potential
 Intelligence
 Intelligence
 Aptitude
 Aptitude
 Interpersonal relations
 Personality Traits
 Education
 Education
 Training
 Training
 Experience
 Experience
 Status
 Socioeconomic Status
 Future Prospects
 Aspirations
 Stress
 Work tolerance
VR for MD - NIEPMD
13
Issues in Vocational Training
Major issue - educational attainment both for
vocational training & economic rehabilitation
For example : Only 484 Schools for the Deaf
all over India.
We do not have any facility for the pwmd
other than NIEPMD
Difference
of
opinion
in
teaching
methodologies for different disabilities and
inadequate training of regular teachers to
deal with disabilities under SSA
Communication – verbal, written and
mobility to reach Institutions
VR for MD - NIEPMD
14
Vocational Counseling &
Adjustment Training
Counseling on Employment Market
Parent Counseling
Behaviour modification
Adjustment Training in operations to make the
disabled employable for short periods
Entrepreneurship Development Program
Pre Recruitment Training
Worker Education
 Custom made skill development as required by
the employer or the pwmd
Retraining of persons with recently acquired
disabilities
VR for MD - NIEPMD
15
Preparing for VR
 Job Training: Identify the job profile. Assess the capacity
and match the job to the individual. Train them to suit
the job.
 Training in Institute: Break down the job
operations into simple work tasks, repeat the
skill training constantly so that the person is
able to recall the skill.
 On-the-job training: To provide job orientation, names,
locations, hours and wages, supervisor, other employees,
work uniform etc.
 Group Rehabilitation programs
 Development of basic skills for specific employer
requirements
 Setting up supported employment services such as
Cooperatives, Home bound employment and job specific
sheltered employment involving the parents/guardians
VR for MD - NIEPMD
16
Open employment
 Means an employment status where the person is
not employed in protective atmosphere but is
competing with others in securing and retaining a
job on a full time basis.
 Right to opportunity for competent employment of
the pwd
 Organized Sector/ Formal sector Only 7% of the
Work Force covering Govt., PSU, Local
Administration and registered under the Factories
Act etc…..
 Unorganized Sector/ Informal Sector
93% all
others. Most of our placement is in the
unorganized sector
 As per National Commission on Unorganized
Sector 79% of the 395 million get less than Rs 20
per day as wages.
VR for MD - NIEPMD
17
Supported Employment
The supported employment may at times
be a final solution to the placement of
the particular person
Mainly to be a source of inculcating work
behaviour, work environment & function
towards attaining production targets.
Function as a nursery to target regular
employment
Creating
community
awareness
of
abilities of the disabled & community
participation
Advocacy
VR for MD - NIEPMD
18
Self Help Groups
 Identification of the persons with disabilities in the
geographical area
 Meeting of the Persons with disabilities along with
their parents/families.
 Assist in choosing a leader or a representative
from among the pwd,
 His/her job would be to contact Employers, collect
raw-materials, give back the finished products to
the employers, collection and distribution of
payment etc.
 Leader/representative may be rotated once in two
years or three years as their group feels.
 Liabilities /Assets/ profits equally distributed
among members
VR for MD - NIEPMD
19
Cooperative
 Cooperative
is a formal Self Help
Group with an elected leader
 Accounts etc are to be maintained as
per Rules
 Annual
inspection
by
the
Coop
Authorities
 Allocate certain percentage of money
for administration
 Job orders to be varied and equitable
distribution among members
 Major part of remuneration to be paid
to the members
VR for MD - NIEPMD
20
Remedial programs
 Focus on diminishing or solving to a great
extent the issues faced by the PWMD
 Evaluation & continuous evaluation basic to all
remedial programs
 Programs should be individualized
 Depends on degree of disability/retardation
 Duration of inactivity, specific difficulties noticed
first, speed of change, attitude of client,
parents, fear of activity
 Should be within the clients capability but offer a
challenge
 Activities to be graded to increase the clients
capability
 Effort required and/ or the time spent on type of
activity must increase.
 Check lists and records should be maintained for
future guidance
VR for MD - NIEPMD
21
Work Behaviour
Examples of Compensatory Strategies for Behavior
Vocational Impact
Compensations/accommodations/
modifications/strategies
Has difficulty following through Completing job applications Identify learning/working styles
on instructions from others
Job
promotions Provide instructions in preferred
Loss
of
job learning style mode
Low self-esteem
(auditory/visual/tactile); Provide
feedback/
supervision
Provide special assistive aids,
accommodations, etc. prescribed
to meet individualized needs
Has
difficulty
sustaining Difficulty following multi-step Break tasks into short segments
attention in tasks or play Instructions; Increases risk for Gradually extend activities into
activities
accidents for certain jobs; longer units; Schedule breaks
tasks;
Arrange
Increases risks for mistakes between
environment
to
block
on-the-job
visual/auditory
distractions;
Use earphones to block sound
VR for MD - NIEPMD
22
Work Behaviour
Vocational Impact
Has
difficulty
independently
Compensations/accommodations/
modifications/strategies
working Problems in jobs such as Develop a structured and clearly
sales where you need to be a defined task; Work close to peer
self-starter;
Problems
in or supervisor; Help the consumer
helping professions; Problems identify and practice his/her
in jobs requiring travel from preferred learning/work style
supervised work setting
Displays disorientation to time Impact job success if pwd is Use
pocket
calendar
frequently late; Problems with Develop written schedule for daily
professions where schedules work or independent living
and appointments are required routines; Use watch alarm or
beeper to cue
Has difficulty
transportation
using
public Frequent
absences
or Have pwd ride the bus with
tardiness increase risk of counselor
or
peer
losing job
Teach specific transportation
skills required
VR for MD - NIEPMD
23
Work Behaviour
Vocational Impact
Takes longer to do job than Rules out production
others
Rules out assembly
Irritates other co-workers
work faster; Problems
jobs having deadlines
Compensations/accommodations/
modifications/strategies
jobs Allow
extra
lead
time
jobs Gradually decrease practice time
who while maintaining or increasing
with job demands; Use a timer to set
pace and cue
Has difficulty following oral Failure to complete work Develop a list
instructions
assignments, Problems with instructions,
attendance/
punctuality diagrammatic
Aggravates
supervisor Provide
hands
Safety may be a factor
demonstrations
written
Provide
instructions
on
task
Has difficulty following written May fail to complete work Tape
instructions
assignments,
Difficulty Give
oral
completing job applications Provide
hands
Difficulty with jobs requiring demonstration
interpretation
of
written
material
instructions
instructions
on
task
VR for MD - NIEPMD
of
24
Job Induction







Prepare the pwmd for
employment:
Education
Skill level
Adjustment Training
Prepare for interview
Introduce employer
Work Personality
Job Selection
Prepare the
Employer
 Job Analysis
 Job Development
 Job Identification
 Job Engineering
 Job Tryout
 Follow up
 Adjustment
 Case closure
VR for MD - NIEPMD
25
Skills of pwd
Madhuri has challenged the
world around her with her
strength, passion for painting
and her head-pointer.
Having no control over her body
except the head-pointer, which
she uses strapped on her
forehead ?
Madhuri paints boldly and
daringly. She has been awarded
the
Outstanding
Calcuttan
Award for her achievements
which include a degree from the
Spastics Society of Eastern
India in Commerce and a
diploma
in
Computer
Application.
VR for MD - NIEPMD
26
More skills
Narasimhalu
is
severely
Orthopedically impaired, and is
also afflicted with un suppressible enthusiasm.
He is an accomplished painter
with a unique sense of colour.
He won the second prize in
painting for his water colour on
paper in the South Zone Region.
He has also done a computer
course in Basic Computer
Applications and HTML.
He uses his foot and toes to
operate the mouse and key
board
VR for MD - NIEPMD
27
Seeing is believing!!!!
Severely disabled
person assembling
Electronic
components on a
Printed Circuit
Board
VR for MD - NIEPMD
28
Severe disabilities
 Remember – Key to reducing inequality is not charity or
philanthropy but innovation and empowerment
 Telework situation where fact – to – face contacts are minimal
would suit some of those with severe disabilities.
 By eliminating obstacles to communication the disability may
give rise to broader employment avenues and assimilation of
the pwmd.
 The persons with severe disabilities could be helped to
network with others in the community, country and the world
for companionship and wage earning.
Remember the National Commission on Unorganized Sector,
which constitutes the major chunk of work force – 79% of the
395 millions get less than Twenty Rupees per day. If we can
help the pwmd get at least this amount, we are doing some
service
VR for MD - NIEPMD
29
Community Based Vocational Training (CBVT)
The Author had the opportunity to introduce
Community Based Vocational Training in rural areas
suited to the local employment markets as early as
1988.
Hundreds of such training programs were carried out,
in all sorts of occupations – electrical, mechanical,
agricultural,
floriculture,
mushroom
culture,
garments, screen printing and so on for less
educated rural pwd.
We can design programs to suit a small group of
persons with similar and multiple disabilities.
VR for MD - NIEPMD
30
Suitable Occupations?
All jobs are suitable and no job is
suitable
A few components of each job
can be performed
Analyze each job
Identify operations
List out simple to complex tasks
Train the candidates
VR for MD - NIEPMD
31
Rehab Programs - Goals
 Remember!!! The rehabilitation program is not
designed to cope with emergencies; its goal is to
assist persons with disabilities to attain the best
possible vocational adjustment, not the most
expedient – nor the most convenient.
 Vocational rehabilitation is not a quick – fix
solution, where the persons with disabilities gets
rehabilitated as soon as they arrive.
 Jobs are not readily available – jobs are not made for
the disabled, and the persons with disabilities
himself is not fully ready for placement. In a majority
of pwd approaching institutions – almost 95%, do
not possess any vocational or employable skill.
 Among the pwmd almost none has any vocational
skill.
 The institution takes proactive role in creating
suitable facilities for evaluating the individual and
placement.
VR for MD - NIEPMD
32
Thank You
R. Narasimham
Consultant
(Vocational Rehabilitation)
# 5, Gokulam Colony
West Mambalam
Chennai - 600033
Phone: 044 – 42614181
Mobile: 9840714181
Email- r n s i m h a m @ g m a i l. c o m
Website: www.aidthedisabled.org
VR for MD - NIEPMD
33