Transcript No Slide Title

AN INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS
Erin Seldat
Lily Farris
Elliey Hobuti-Fard
Dennis Wells
Victoria Silk
Andrea Streilein
Tasha Riley
David Tindall
Ben Cushing
Charlene Warrington
Ko Takeuchi
Cecilia Vargas
•
My primary research interest is understanding the role of social
networks in collective action and social movements
-- especially regarding environmental issues.
• I have also done research on social networks and:
- street kids and delinquency
- personal community ties
- telephone communication
- social capital
- identity/values
OBJECTIVE:
• An introduction to the social network analysis
perspective and some key social network concepts.
SOME TOPICS/QUESTIONS STUDIED
BY NETWORK ANALYSTS
• How do innovations become diffused throughout a population?
• Why are some communities able to mobilize for collective action,
while others fail to do so?
• How do viruses such as HIV spread throughout a population?
• How should community social structure be measured?
• How is the provision of social support related to network structure?
• What kinds of structural factors help explain who wins social
conflicts?
• How can we understand the pattern of trade amongst nation
states?
• How does structural location affect bargaining power (and
outcomes) in exchange networks?
• What is the structural basis for social comparison (e.g.,
self/other evaluations of competence, justice, etc.)?
• What is the relationship between “peer influence” and
delinquency?
• How do people get recruited into “religious cults”?
• What is the social basis for variation in recovery from
illnesses such as breast cancer?
• What role do social networks play in helping one to “get a
job”?
• What is the relationship between “social capital” and “cultural
capital”?
• How is “social capital” related to “co-operation” in social
dilemmas?
• What is the social structural basis of “the family”?
• How do “micro level interactions” become transformed to
“macro level” sociological patterns?
• What is the structural basis of social influence and attitude
formation?
• How does one understand the social structure of the global
economy?
• What is the social structural basis of friendship?
• What is the relationship between network structure and social
mobility?
SOME SOCIAL NETWORK CONCEPTS:
points/nodes
• lines/ties
• directed/non-directed (arcs/edges)
• ego nets versus whole nets
• valued/non-valued
• positive/negative
• graphs/matrices
• square versus rectangular matrices
(adjacency versus incidence matrices)
• bridges/break points
• tie strength
• density
• geodesics
• centrality
(point centrality versus graph centrality)
(degree/betweenness/closeness)
• cliques
A Social Network
A Graph:
A Matrix:
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
socnet01
ABCD
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
0 0 1 0
SOCNET02
A
CENTRALITY
B
A
SOCNET03
F
B
G
G
F
C
C
E
D
D
ABCD E FG
A 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
B 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
C 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
D 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
E 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
F 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
G 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
E
ABCD E FG
A 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
B 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
C 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
D 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
E 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
F 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
G 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
DENSITY
______
l
D=
n(n-1)/2
To calculate density in percentage terms: D x 100
* Note: the above formula applies to undirected graphs.
SOCNET04
SOCNET05
A
A
B
E
F
C
E
B
F
D
5
5
____
__
D=
=
= .33
6(6-1)/2 15
C
10
10
____
__
D=
=
= .67
6(6-1)/2 15
D
SOCNET04
A
B
C
D
E
F
A
0
0
0
0
0
1
B
0
0
0
0
0
1
C
0
0
0
1
0
1
D
0
0
1
0
1
0
E
0
0
0
1
0
0
SOCNET05
F
1
1
1
0
0
0
A
B
C
D
E
F
A
0
1
0
0
1
1
B
1
0
1
0
0
1
C
0
1
0
1
0
1
D
0
0
1
0
1
1
E
1
0
0
1
0
1
F
1
1
1
1
1
0
Centrality: Degree, Betweenness, and Closeness
c
b
d
a
e
SOCNET06
A
B
C
D
E
A
0
1
0
0
0
B
1
0
1
1
0
C
0
1
0
1
0
D
0
1
1
0
1
E
0
0
0
1
0
Detecting Cliques.
c
b
d
f
a
e
g
SOCNET07
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
A
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
B
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
C
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
D
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
E
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
F
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
G
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
SOME EXAMPLE SOCIAL NETWORK
SURVEY INSTRUMENTS
(Time Permitting)
Some Useful References on Social Network Methods and
Perspectives
Berkowitz, S.D. 1982. An Introduction to Structural Analysis:
The Network Approach to Social Research. Toronto:
Butterworths.
Burt, Ronald. 1980. "Models of Network Structure." Annual
Review of Sociology 6:79-141.
Erickson, Bonnie, T.A. Nosanchuk, and Edward Lee. 1981.
"Network Sampling in Practice: Some Second Steps." Social
Networks, 3:127-36.
Erickson, Bonnie, and T.A. Nosanchuk 1983. "Applied Network
Sampling." Social Networks, 5(4):367-382.
Freeman, Linton C. 1978/79. “Centrality in Social Networks:
Conceptual Clarification.” Social Networks 1:215-239.
Freeman, Linton C., Douglas R. White, and A. Kimball Romney
(Eds.). 1989. Research Methods in Social Network Analysis.
Fairfax, VA: George Mason University Press.
Granovetter, Mark. 1977. “Network Sampling. Some First
Steps.” American Journal of Sociology, 81:1287-1303.
Knoke, David and James H. Kuklinski. 1982. Network Analysis.
Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
Kontopoulos, Kyriankos. 1993. The Logics of Social Structure.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Marsden, Peter. 1990. "Network Data and Measurement." Annual
Review of Sociology 16:435-63.
Marsden, Peter V. and Nan Lin. 1982. Social Structure and Network
Analysis. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
Pattison, Philippa. 1993. Algebraic Models for Social Networks.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Scott, John. 2000. Social Network Analysis: A Handbook. Second
Edition. London: Sage Publications.
D.B. Tindall and Barry Wellman. 2001. "Canada as Social Structure:
Social Network Analysis and Canadian Sociology." The Canadian
Journal of Sociology, 26(3): 265-308.
Wasserman, Stanley and Joseph Galaskiewicz (Eds.). 1994.
Advances in Social Network Analysis. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage
Publications.
Wasserman, Stanley and Katherine Faust. 1994. Social Network
Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Wellman, Barry and S.D. Berkowitz (Eds.). 1988. Social
Structures: A Network Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.