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Metsähallitus
Ecosystem services in Forestry
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Metsähallitus 2006
Metsähallitus's
lands and waters
Forest land in managed forests, 3.5 million ha
Poorly productive and non-productive land,
1.5 million ha (excluded from forestry)
Protected areas, wilderness reserves and other
areas, 4.0 million ha
Water areas, 3.4 million ha
Public water areas
In total 12.4 million ha
Ownership of forest land in Finland
State (Metsähallitus)
Companies
Other
Private forest owners
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Metsähallitus 2006
Organisation
Board of Directors
Metsähallitus's Managing Director
Business operations
Public administration duties
Forestry
Forest use
Deliveries to customers
Wild North
Laatumaa
Natural Heritage Services
Protected area
management
Game and fisheries
Nature conservation
Recreational use of nature
Subsidiaries: Morenia Oy
Forelia Oy and Siemen Forelia Oy
Group units and Service Centre
Metsähallitus operates primarily within the framework laid down by the Ministry of Agriculture
and Forestry; Metsähallitus's nature conservation duties are guided by the Ministry of the
Environment.
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Metsähallitus 2006
Key business figures 2006
• Turnover
• Profit
• Contribution to state revenue
million
• Person-years
EUR 268 million
EUR 72 million
EUR 65
2,003
Distribution of turnover by business sector
Forestry
Nature tours
Seed and seedling cultivation
Land and plot sales
Sale of soil resources
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Metsähallitus 2006
Forestry – the primary business
• Wood production and supplying wood to industry on a fullservice basis.
• Customers consist of some one hundred sawmills and pulp
and paper mills.
• Turnover approx. EUR 225 million, 85% of the Group's total
turnover.
• The Forestry unit makes use of 38% of state lands
– felling volume 4.7 million m3/a.
• Our special strength areas:
– modern information systems
– flexible deliveries
– environmental expertise
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Metsähallitus 2006
Ecosystem services - definition
“the benefits people derive from Ecosystems”
• resources like
– food,
– wood and
– other raw materials
• services such as
– pollination of crops,
– prevention of soil erosion or
– water purification.
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Metsähallitus 2006
The Concept of Sustainability in
Forestry
• The concept of long-term sustainability was defined in
forestry science over two centuries ago. This has helped
the development of a broader concept.
• The Brundtland report 1987: Satisfying the present day
needs while ensuring the needs of the future generations.
• UNCED 1992, Rio de Janeiro
• The ministerial conference in Helsinki 1993: ”biodiversity,
productivity, regeneration, vitality and enable to produce
significant ecological, economical and social functions
on local, national and global levels now as well as in the
future without endangering other ecosystems.
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Metsähallitus 2006
The Dimensions of Sustainability
Time
Social Responsibility
Elements
Ecologic
Presence
Social
Economic
Space
Commun Region State
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Metsähallitus 2006
Continent
Ecozone
The Pan-European Criteria (Helsinki
Process)
Productive
functions of
forests
Forest resources
+ global carbon
cycles
Sustainable
Forest
Managemen
t
Forest health
and vitality
Protective
functions of
forests
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Metsähallitus 2006
Socio-economic
aspects
Biological
diversity
Interpretations of Sustainability
Biased interpretations weighting the views serving the
interests of the respective party
Economically weighted interpretation: economical
sustainability enables ecological approach and is a prerequisite
for social sustainability and hence of the first priority
Environmentally weighted interpretation: ecological
sustainability is an absolute prerequisite of both economical and
social sustainability and hence of the first priority
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Sustainability as a Process
The present day interpretation of sustainability is a
multigenerational one: the needs of the present generation can
be satisfied if the rights of the future generations are guaranteed.
In practice the future generations as well as the “nature” are not
present parties: the solutions must be found here and now.
The sustainability in the form of ecosystem benefits and impacts
materialises itself as a socio-economical process
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Metsähallitus 2006
Ecosystem services - Metsähallitus
The concept is ”anthropogenic”
•
•
•
The demand is higher than production potential.
The decisions on the production, distribution and use of these
resources must be made in the democratic political decisionmaking system of Finland.
These services include among others
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
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Timber for sawmills and pulp mills
Pure surface and ground waters
Biodiversity in general
Game
Pastures and other provisions for reindeer husbandry in Northern
Finland
Scenic values for nature tourism and for recreational use
Bioenergy
Non-wood forest products
Buffer against tundra in the north
Metsähallitus 2006
The Act of Metsähallitus
Metsähallitus is to fulfill certain general societal
obligations among its business operations. These
obligations are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
to respect biodiversity,
to enhance recreational use of state forests,
to enhance employment,
to follow the obligations set in the Act on reindeer
husbandry - pastures and other provisions
5. to take into account the Sámi cultural heritage.
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Metsähallitus 2006
Biodiversity
Site specific
• Occurences of species (threatened and other)
• Key biotopes: herb-rich forests, old-growth forests,…
• Ecological connections defined in the landscape ecological
plans
• Biodiversity enhancement areas
Operational
• Retention trees
• Buffer zones along all the watercourses
• Transition zones between heathlands and open mires
• Valuable habitats delineated in the operational planning
• Low productive areas
• Extra labour costs
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Metsähallitus 2006
Recreational use
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Scenery
Cultural areas
Game habitats
Environmental forests
Hiking areas
Recreational and outdoor activity areas
Holiday and nature tourism areas
Metsähallitus 2006
Reindeer husbandry incl. Sámi
homeland area
• Important pasture areas – no forestry (regeneration
fellings)
• Other limitations – logging arrangements
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Metsähallitus 2006
The Inputs - Biodiversity
Area, ha
Volume, m3
149 300 ha
19 207 000 m3
Selective + other
”unconventional” fellings
13 500 ha
1 531 500 m3
Fellings for higher volumes of
retention trees
20 700 ha
1 759 400 m3
183 500 ha
22 742 400 m3
32 600 ha
1 913 700 m3
No Forestry
TOTAL
Other limitations
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Metsähallitus 2006
The Inputs – Recreational use
Area, ha
Scenery
131 500 ha
11 241 600 m3
17 600 ha
1 532 700 m3
104 900 ha
9 399 100 m
Environmental forests
6400 ha
704 700 m3
Hiking areas
8000 ha
1 142 400 m3
Recreational and outdoor
activity areas
50 400 ha
4 481 500 m3
Holiday and nature tourism
areas
11 700 ha
1 325 800 m3
330 500 ha
29 827 800 m3
Cultural areas
Game habitats
TOTAL
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Volume, m3
Metsähallitus 2006
The Inputs – Recreational use
Area, ha
19
Volume, m3
Pastures – no loggings
63 500 ha
4 502 800 m3
Other limitations – logging
arrangements
16 800 ha
1 248 900m3
TOTAL
80 300 ha
5 751 700 m3
Metsähallitus 2006
The value of the input in 2007
Site-specific
Other
costs
TOTAL
Biodiversity
27,4 milj. €
1,7 milj. €
29,1 milj. €
Recreation
8,6 milj. €
0,8 milj. €
9,4 milj. €
Reindeer
husbandry incl.
Sámi homeland
area
1,6 milj. €
0,6 milj. €
TOTAL
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Extra
Planning
costs
Metsähallitus 2006
37,6 milj. €
1,7 milj. €
3,9 milj. €
27,4 milj. € 1,7 milj. € 42,4 milj. €
The benefits
The threatened species of Finland 2000
The threatened species
Their habitats
The identified threats
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Thank you for your
attention!
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