Transcript Document

Mechanics
of a
School Bus
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MECHANICS
of a
SCHOOL BUS
• Overview
– Conducting Pre-Trip & Post-Trip
Inspections.
– Differences between buses.
– Reporting mechanical defects.
– New emission controls devices.
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PRE-TRIP INSPECTIONS
• Transportation—Operation Rules
Pre and Post Trip Requirements.
–WAC 392-145-041(2)
–WAC 392-145-041(5)
• Other state recommended items.
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PRE-TRIP INSPECTIONS
1. Approach the bus.
• Look for vehicle problems.
• Check for fluids on the ground.
• Check for hoses or wires
hanging.
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PRE-TRIP INSPECTIONS
2. Insert key.
–Check engine compartment.
• Coolant
• Engine Oil
• Power Steering Fluid etc.
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PRE-TRIP INSPECTIONS
3. Check Suspension.
• Brake Condition.
• Wheel Condition.
• Rim Condition.
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PRE-TRIP INSPECTIONS
4. Start your Bus.
• Check and Read
Gauges/Warning Buzzers.
• Check lights, oil pressure gauge,
voltmeter, etc.
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PRE-TRIP INSPECTIONS
5. Check Outside of Bus.
• Right Side.
Glass/Body
Right Emergency Door
Air tank if on this side
Lights/Emergency Exit
• Rear.
Lights
Emergency Door
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PRE-TRIP INSPECTIONS
5. Check Outside of Bus (continued)
• Left.
Glass/Body
Left Emergency Door
Air tank – if on this side
Stop Sign Operation/Damage
• Front.
All Lights
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PRE-TRIP INSPECTIONS
6. Check Bus Interior
– Steps, aisles, seats for damage.
– Side, top, and rear emergency doors.
– First aid kit.
– Reflectors.
– Spare fuses.
– Fire extinguisher.
– Body fluid clean-up kit.
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REPORT DEFECTS
Proper Pre-trip Means Proper Documentation.
•
•
•
•
•
Clear.
Clean.
Legible.
Accurate.
Informative.
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REPORT DEFECTS
KISS:
Keep It Short and Simple
Write clear, short explanations using key
words to explain what you want to
convey.
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REPORT DEFECTS
REPORT SYMPTOMS,
NOT ASSUMPTIONS
Report what you
√ See.
√ Smell.
√ Hear.
√ Not what you assume.
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REPORT DEFECTS
LOOK AHEAD
Look for pre-breakdown defects:
• Dampness around hoses.
• Shiny spots.
• Loose clamps.
• Air gauges not reading equally.
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REPORT DEFECTS
Improper: My bus is dead, I need
a spare.
Alternative: My bus will not
restart at the school, it turns over
but will not fire or start.
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REPORT DEFECTS
Never omit written report
• Inspect actual problem.
• Document clearly, describing specific
symptoms.
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REPORT DEFECTS
Information
can be
Misinterpreted
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REPORT DEFECTS
Know what to do…
Know when to continue
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REPORT DEFECTS
KNOW WHEN TO CONTINUE
Example: Anti-lock light comes on,
• Braking system will continue operating.
• Safe to continue with proper
documentation and reporting.
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REPORT DEFECTS
KNOW WHEN TO CONTINUE
Example: Low air warning,
• Warning comes on at 58 psi during
inspection.
• Bus is drivable, but report immediately.
• Legal down to 55 psi by WSP inspection
standards.
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REPORT DEFECTS
KNOW WHEN TO CONTINUE
Example: Coolant leaks,
• Can leak be isolated by shutting off
heater hose valves?
• How much coolant lost?
• Risk of contamination to students or
damage to bus?
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REPORT DEFECTS
KNOW WHEN TO CONTINUE
Example: Brake/tail/turn light not working,
• Buses may be legally driven if at least
one turn/brake light operational on any
corner of the vehicle.
• Follow your district’s policy.
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REPORT DEFECTS
KNOW WHEN TO CONTINUE
Example: Cracked engine belts,
• Small cracks are found on inside grooves
of engine belts.
• The belt may be usable for a long time.
• Some cracking is normal.
• Have your maintenance personnel check
and review what is acceptable.
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REPORT DEFECTS
WAC 392-145-031(2)
• School bus drivers shall
immediately report any
suspected malfunction or
needed repair of the school bus
in their charge.
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DIFFERENCES IN EQUIPMENT
Bus Interior
• Type of Bus.
• Control Location, i.e.,
 Dash
 Side panel
 Overhead
 Steering wheel
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DIFFERENCES IN EQUIPMENT
Bus Interior
• Brake and accelerator pedals
 Location, height, distance
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DIFFERENCES IN EQUIPMENT
Bus Interior
• 8-way sequencing system, 2 or 3 switch
controls.
• Seat and steering column adjustments.
• Wiper control location.
• Gauge cycling upon start-up.
• Chain box.
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DIFFERENCES IN EQUIPMENT
Bus Interior
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•
•
•
Locate noise suppression switch.
Strobe switch—overhead/intensity.
Child Check—electronic child monitor.
Winter equipment—chains, sanders,
retarders.
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DIFFERENCES IN EQUIPMENT
Bus Interior
Familiarize yourself before taking a bus.
Utilize:
•
•
•
Dispatcher.
Trainer.
Mechanic.
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EMISSION CONTROLS
Industry is required to reduce
emissions.
• Harmful gasses, and
• Particulates are reduced by
the new technology on our
buses.
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EMISSION CONTROLS
Why are we concerned?
• Effects on children’s health.
• Detrimental to environment.
• Changes fuel use that affects,
– Mileage
– Bus operation
– Maintenance of equipment
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EMISSION CONTROLS
Past and Present
1994 – 2007Gasses Reduced 67%
As of 2007 particulates reduced by 90%.
2010 EPA now requires
83% reduction in NOx.
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EMISSION CONTROLS
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EMISSION CONTROLS
DOC—Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
• A muffler shaped device with a ceramic
center.
– Collects an extreme amount of heat
from the engine exhaust system.
– Burns unused gases.
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EMISSION CONTROLS
EGR—Exhaust Gas Recirculation
• A process of rerouting exhaust
gases through the engine
• More thoroughly burns unused fuel
and gases
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EMISSION CONTROLS
SCR—Selective Catalytic Reduction
• Generally used in combination with EGR
to reduce NOx gases.
• Utilizes an additional chemical to change
the compound of gases in a catalyst.
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EMISSION CONTROLS
DEF—Diesel Exhaust Fluid
• A chemical additive injected into the exhaust
flow of a DOC or SCR catalyst.
• Changes gases into ammonia that when
heated changes again into nitrogen and water.
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EMISSION CONTROLS
Regeneration System
• Incorporates a particulate trap in
the exhaust system, and
• Regenerates or cleans by means of
computer control.
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EMISSION CONTROLS
Crankcase Particulate Filtration System
• A fume collecting canister connected to
the engine breathing apparatus.
• Separates large, mostly oil particulates
by means of a filter and holding canister.
• Gases return to the engine to be reburned.
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Summary
1. Pre-Trip:
–Conduct a thorough pre-trip.
• Know what items you should
check.
• Check State requirements and
recommendations.
• Follow district required pre-trip.
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Summary
2. Document and Report Defects.
• Keep it Short and Simple (KISS).
• Be accurate and clear.
• Report immediately.
• Know if you can continue on.
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Summary
3. Understand differences in equipment:
• Controls/Gauges.
• Pedals.
• Gauges.
• Winter Equipment.
Familiarize yourself with
location and operation
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Summary
4. Emission Control Devices:
• Emission controls are an integral part
of our school buses.
• EPA has strict requirements that
reduce gas and particulate levels.
• Report concerns and learn about how
your equipment should operate.
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EVALUATION
1. What items require checking during a pre-trip?
2. What items operate differently on buses in your
fleet?
3. What is included in a proper report of faulty
items?
4. Name three bus emission control devices.
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