Transcript Analysis and Strategy Development

Conceptual Design
Assessments and Analysis
We would like to acknowledge the support of the Project Management
Institute and the International Institute for Learning, Inc. for permitting the
use of their intellectual property in this curriculum.
Red Cross Project Cycle
Case Study – Delta River Municipality
A recent assessment found that deterioration of water quality in the Delta River
Municipality has resulted in depleted fish stocks; reduced catch and falling
income among fishing families, and there is an increasingly high incidence of
water borne diseases and illnesses, particularly among poor families and
children under five.
The current situation is the result of the discharge of fecal waste, household and
business refuse, and inadequately treated wastewater in the river.
Some of the numerous factors that contribute to the problem include: Low
public awareness of the dangers of dumping household waste. Low access and
use of sanitation facilities for the disposal of fecal waste. Furthermore, the
Environment Protection Agency’s oversight over the local textile industry has
been ineffective and sometimes corrupted. All these factors have led to high
levels of fecal waste and household/business refuse in the river.
As a result of low budgets and poor planning by local government even among
businesses that treat their waste, treated wastewater does not meet
environmental standards.
Collecting Assessment Data
Assessment
Analysis
Where do project ideas come from?
Comparative
Observations
A fishing
cooperative
observed that fish
stocks were high in
a .nearby town
with sanitation
facilities
A local doctor
suggests
advocating for
sewage
connections to
improve hygiene
Experts and Consultants
Mothers express
displeasure with
the mess and
sickly conditions
that result from
lack of hygienic
sanitation
Stakeholder Need
Donors express
their priority of
addressing
maternal child
health in the
Delta Region
Donor Interest
Assessments vs. Analysis
Assessment
Analysis
Idea for a Project
Activity: Analysis Tools
Type of Analysis
Stakeholder Analysis
Problem Analysis
Objectives Analysis
Alternatives Analysis
Illustrative Tools
Activity: Analysis Tools
Type of Analysis
Illustrative Tool
Venn Diagrams, RASIC Charts
Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholder Analysis Matrix
SWOT Analysis, Spider Diagrams
Problem Trees
Problem Analysis
Force Field Analysis
Mapping
Objectives Analysis
Objective Trees
Alternatives Analysis
Organize and Analyze information
Identifying Stakeholders
STAKEHOLDERS - Individuals or institutions that
may – directly or indirectly, positively or negatively –
affect or be affected by the project or program.
Mapping Stakeholder Relationships
Beneficiaries
Stakeholders
Individuals or institutions that may –
directly or indirectly, positively or
negatively – affect or be affected by
the project or program.
Those who benefit in whatever way
from the implementation of the
project. Distinction may be made
between target groups; final
beneficiaries and indirect
beneficiaries.
Project Partners
Those who implement the projects
(who are also stakeholders, and may
be a target group.)
Building a Stakeholder Venn Diagram
Not
Powerful
Remote
Close
Powerful
Venn Diagram - Stakeholders
(From the perspective of fishing families)
Stakeholder Analysis Matrix
Stakeholder and
basic characteristics
Interests and how
affected by the
problem
Capacity and
motivation to bring
about change
Possible actions to
address stakeholder
interests
Stakeholder Analysis Alternative
Stakeholder Analysis Matrix
Stakeholder and
basic characteristics
Interests and how
affected by the
problem
Capacity and
motivation to bring
about change
Possible actions to
address stakeholder
interests
Fishing families
20,000 families, low income
earners, small scale family
businesses, organized into
informal cooperatives, women
actively involved in fish
processing and marketing
• Maintain and improve the
means of livelihood
• Pollution is affecting volume
and quality of catch
• Family health is suffering,
particularly children and
mothers
• Keen interest in pollution
control measures
• Limited political influence
given weak organizational
structure
• Support capacity to organize
and lobby
• Implement pollution
• Identify develop alternative
income sources
Textile Industry
Medium scale industrial
operation, poorly regulated and
no unions. Well connected with
ruling party, poor environmental
record
• Maintain/increase profits
• Some concern about public
image
• Concern about costs of
environmental regulations
enforced
• Have financial and technical
resources to employ new
cleaner technologies
• Limited current motivation to
change
• Raise their awareness of social
and environmental impact
• Mobilize political pressure to
influence industry behavior
• Strengthen and enforce
environmental laws
Households
45,000 households discharge
waste and waste water into river
also source drinking water and
eat fish from river
• Aware of textile industry’s
pollution and impact on water
quality
• Want to dispose of own waste
away from household
• Want access to clean water
• Limited understanding of the
health impact of their own
was/waste water disposal
• Appear willing to pay for
improved waste management
services
• Raise awareness of
households of the implications
of their own waste disposal
practices
• Work with communities and
government to address water
and sanitation issues.
Environmental Protection
Agency:
Etc.
etc
etc
Etc
Level 2 - Problem Analysis
Problem
Analysis
Stakeholder
Analysis
•
•
Identifying
&
characterizi
ng potential
major
stakeholder
s;
assessing
their
capacity
• Identifying key
problems,
constraints &
opportunities;
• Determining
cause & effect
relationships
Developing a Problem Tree
Step One: Brainstorm Problems
• either completely open (no preconceptions)
• or, more directed, by specifying a “known” high-level
problem based on preliminary analysis
Step Two: Select an Individual Starter Problem
Step Three: Look for problems related to the starter
problem
Step 4: Establish a hierarchy of causes and effects
• Problems which are directly causing the starter problem
– BELOW
• Problems which are direct effects of the starter problem
– ABOVE
Step 5: Connect the Problems with Cause-Effect Arrows
Problem, Causes and Effects
Problem Tree - Example
Level 3: Objectives Analysis
Objectives
Analysis
Stakeholder
Analysis
•
•
Identifying
&
characterizi
ng potential
major
stakeholder
s;
assessing
their
capacity
Problem
Analysis
•
•
Identifying
key
problems,
constraints &
opportunities
;
determining
cause &
effect
relationships
• Developing
solutions from
the identified
problems;
• identifying
means to end
relationships
Developing an Objectives Tree
Step One: Reformulate all negative situations of the
problems analysis into positive situations that are:
• desirable
• realistically achievable
Step Two: Check the means-ends relationships to ensure
validity and completeness of the hierarchy
Step Three: If necessary:
• revise statements
• add new objectives if relevant and necessary
• delete objectives which do not seem suitable or
necessary
Objectives Tree
Objectives Tree
Level 4: Alternatives Analysis
Alternatives
Analysis
Stakeholder
Analysis
•
•
Identifying
&
characterizi
ng potential
major
stakeholder
s;
assessing
their
capacity
Problem
Analysis
•
•
Identifying
key
problems,
constraints &
opportunities
;
determining
cause &
effect
relationships
Objectives
Analysis
•
•
Developing
solutions
from the
identified
problems;
identifying
means to end
relationships
• Identifying
different
strategies to
achieve
solutions;
• selecting
most
appropriate
strategy.
Selecting a Strategy
Mercy Corps Strategy Graphic
Alternatives Analysis