Transcript Document

REVIEW OF THE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM OF NATIONAL PARKS AND
OTHER PROTECTED AREAS IN
SERBIA
Snezana M. Prokic
Directorate for Environmental Protection of the
Republic of Serbia
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1. Introduction
 The
concept of the development of the natural
values in Serbia is based upon
•
•
•
•
the regulated protection regimes,
planned bases of preservation,
promotion and sustainable utilisation of natural resource,
organised management and surveillance.
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The protected areas include national parks,
reserves, parks of nature and monuments of
nature, consistent with the international
criteria of IUCN
Table 1: A Survey of the Surface Areas of Protected Areas of Serbia
Year of 2002
TOTAL
Protected Natural Goods
№
ha
National Parks
5
158986.36
Parks of Nature
17
178656.14
Area with Exceptional
Features
23
9687.99
Reserves of Nature
80
83048.88
Monuments of Nature
275
8047.09
400
438426.46
TOTAL
Protected Areas of the
Republic of Serbia
National Parks
Parks of Nature
Area with Exceptional
Features
Reserves of Nature
Monuments of Nature
%
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6.0
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The Aim of Protection of Special Natural
Values
to implement the obligations defined by the Law of
environmental protection and the national policy
 for protection of special natural values,
 biodiversity, and
 natural areas of particular values and importance for the
Republic of Serbia.
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This is done by developing system of protected
areas having national, regional and global
importance:
 Biosphere
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reserves - the part of the Park of Nature
"Golija" is proclaimed the Biosphere Reserve in
September of 2001,MAB Programme
wetland areas of international importance
Reserve of nature of Ludas,
Reserve of nature of Obedska bara - swamp,
Reserve of Nature of Stari Begej – Carska bara - swamp.
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2. General Data on National Parks of Serbia
 By the Law on National Parks of the Republic of
Serbia (proclaimed in 1993, in agreement with
previously accepted international obligations), five
national parks were established so far:
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National Park Djerdap,
National Park Tara,
National Park Kopaonik,
National Park Fruska Gora and
National Park Sar Planina.
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Table 2: A Survey of the Surface Areas of National Parks of Serbia
IUCN
category
I degree of
protection
(ha)
II degree of
protection
(ha)
III degree of
protection
(ha)
Surface area
(ha)
total
1. KOPAONIK
V
698,34
3.610,51
7.501,06
11.809,91
2. DJERDAP
IV
2.664,20
15.262,17
45.682,02
63.608,45
3. TARA
II
2959,25
7.721,89
8.436,96
19.175,00
4. FRUSKA GORA
V
*
25.393,00
5. SAR-PLANINA
II
*
39.000,00
National park
Total
Republic of Serbia
158.853,00
88.361 km2
- * In these national parks the I degree of protection is represented by the nature reserves, while in
them regions of other degrees of protection are not defined.
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Figure 1: Map of the Environmental
Protection and Protection of Natural Heritage
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The legal principles of protection and
development of the national parks:
1. Protection, preservation and promotion:
 of biogeographical features of the area,
 of ecosystems and diversity of the original flora and fauna,
 of the genetic fund and its renewal,
 of the representative biological, geomorphological,
geological, hydrographic and scenic features,
 ethnological heritage and
 cultural-historical values;
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The legal principles of protection and
development of the national parks
(continued):
2. Prevention of activities which might deteriorate basic
features and other properties of the national park;
3. Development:
 of activities in scientific research,
 of activities in culture and education,
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of activities in presentation and popularisation of the
natural and cultural values,
of touristic, recreational and other development functions
in utilisation of the natural and cultural values of the
national park within the limits and in the manner providing
protection, preservation and promotion of these values
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The legal principles of protection and
development of the national parks
(continued):
4. Management and building of objects, for purpose:
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of preservation, renewal and promotion of the natural and
cultural values and
of presentation, sanation and revitalization of the endangered
parts of the national park.
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3. Management of the National Parks of
Serbia
In order to bring these valuable habitats, as the protected natural
values of national significance owned by the state, into function of
performing total protection and development, by the Law on
National Parks public enterprises were formed for managing the
regions of the national parks.
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Table 3: A Survey of Management Applied to
National Parks of Serbia
National park
Year
Community
Managed by
Employees
1. TARA
1981/93
Bajina Basta
Public enterprise
"NP Tara"
247
2. KOPAONIK
1981/83
Raska, Brus
Public enterprise
"NP Kopaonik"
26
3. SAR-PLANINA
1986/93
Strpce, Kacanik,
Prizren, Suva Reka
Public enterprise
"NP Sar-planina"
48
4. FRUSKA GORA
1960/93
Novi Sad, Sremski
Karlovci, Beocin,
Backa Palanka, Sid,
Sremska Mitrovica,
Irig, Indjija
Public enterprise
"NP Fruska Gora"
269
5. DJERDAP
1974/93
Golubac, Majdanpek,
Kladovo
Public enterprise
"NP Djerdap"
37
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National park Kopaonik
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The example of high tourism
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in the National Park Kopaonik
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4.Instruments in managing protected
natural values in Serbia
 Protection regimes
 Management, protection and utilization plans of the areas and natural
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resources
Protection and development programmes of nature and areas of the
protected natural values
Environmental influences analyses
Agreements / approvals by the Government of the Republic of Serbia
/ Ministry of the Environment
Institutions in charge of management and control of the protected
natural value
Monitoring
Financial support
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The institutions responsible for management
of protected areas and control are:
 The
Government of the Republic of Serbia – defines
politics/strategy for protection of nature and natural values and in that
context managing those values and action plans in order to conduct
established politic/strategy
 Ministry of Science and Environmental Protection – suggests
politics/strategy and action plans, their implementation and co-ordination
with activities of other ministries and other competent institutions,
supervision of managing, appropriate system of observation and financial
support, to the Government of the Republic of Serbia
 Institution for Protection of Nature of Serbia
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4.Instruments in managing protected
natural values in Serbia
(continued)
 Public Enterprises
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(PE) established by the state to manage:
national parks: PE "National Park Fruska Gora", PE "National
Park Djerdap", PE "National Park Tara", PE "National Park
Kopaonik", and PE "National Park Sar-Planina"
and natural resources in the state property – forests and forest
land:
PE "Srbijasume" and
PE "Vojvodinasume“
waters: "Srbijavode
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Instruments in managing protected natural
values in Serbia
(continued)
 Competent organs of municipality –manage the natural goods
protected by the municipality and support and contribute to the cooperation in the field of managing of protected areas of high national
importance
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5. Conclusive Remarks
However, in the application of this management system so far not all of
the expected results were achieved. The most important causes of such
situation are listed below:
 there is a problem with sharing responsibilities between the proprietor,
trustee, managing enterprise, viz. caretaking organisation
 criteria and conditions are not defined to be fulfilled by an enterprise
or organisation in order to be entrusted by management of other
protected natural values
 norms are lacking for unified bases of organising the security, planning
and staff education services
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Conclusive Remarks
(continued)
 compulsory instructions have not been set up for preparation and
carrying out the management plans
 norms are also lacking for securing co-ordination and co-operation
in the management of protected areas
 principle has not yet been developed with all the necessary
mechanisms of integrated management of the natural resources , with
the resulting problem of maladjustment of sector plans with the
management plan
 information system has not yet been established
 financial support is still inadequate
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