Transcript Blending evolution with revolution:

TRENDS IN LIBRARY
TECHNOLOGIES: AN
INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Marshall Breeding
Director for Innovative Technology and Research
Vanderbilt University Library
Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides
http://www.librarytechnology.org/
http://twitter.com/mbreeding
30 Mar2012
Col·legi Oficial de Bibliotecaris y
Documentalistas COmunitat Valenciana
Abstract

This session will describe the recent trends in library
automation, including the emergence of a new
generation of library services platforms with different
scope and architectures than the integrated library
systems that have dominated library automation until
now. Breeding will present the broader context that
led to the emergence of these new products and how
he expects them to impact libraries in different
international sectors. He will also talk about the
increasingly globalized business environment and its
positive and negative implications for libraries.
Library Technology Guides
ILS Turnover Report
ILS Turnover Report -- Reverse
Mergers and http://www.librarytechnology.org/automationhistory.pl
Acquisitions
Key Context: Libraries in Transition
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Academic Shift from Print > Electronic
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Public: Emphasis on Patron Engagement
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E-journal transition largely complete
Circulation of print collections slowing
E-books now in play (consultation > reading)
Increased pressure on physical facilities
Increased circulation of print collections
Dramatic increase in interest in e-books
All libraries:
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Need better tools for access to complex multi-format collections
Strong emphasis on digitizing local collections
Demands for enterprise integration and interoperability
Key Context: Technologies in transition
 Client
/ Server > Web-based computing
 Beyond Web 2.0
 Integration
 Local
of social computing into core infrastructure
computing shifting to cloud platforms
 Application
Service Provider offerings standard
 New expectations for multi-tenant software-as-a-service
 Full
spectrum of devices
 full-scale
/ net book / tablet / mobile
 Mobile the current focus, but is only one example of device
and interface cycles
Key Text: Changed expectations in
metadata management
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Moving away from individual record-by-record creation
Life cycle of metadata
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Manage metadata in bulk when possible
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E-book collections
Highly shared metadata
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Metadata follows the supply chain, improved and enhanced along the
way as needed
E-journal knowledge bases, e.g.
Great interest in moving toward semantic web and open linked data
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Very little progress in linked data for operational systems
AACR2 > RDA
MARC > RDF (recent announcement of Library of Congress)
Each Library Type Distinctive
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Academic – Public – School – Special
Academic: Emphasis on subscribed electronic
resources
Public: Engaged in the management of print
collections
 Dramatic
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increase in interest in E-books
School: Age-appropriate resources (print and Web),
textbook and media management
Special: Enterprise knowledge management
(Corporate, Law, Medical, etc)
Specialized automation
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In general, products have emerged to serve each
library sector
Companies in general cluster around these
specializations
Some overlap: Public / Academic
Multi-type consortia: compromise and adapt
systems to serve many types of libraries
Cooperation and Resource sharing
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Efforts on many fronts to cooperate and consolidate
Many regional consortia merging (Example:
suburban Chicago systems)
State-wide or national implementations
Software-as-a-service or “cloud” based
implementations
 Many
libraries share computing infrastructure and data
resources
Status Quo Sustainable?
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ILS for management of (mostly) print
Duplicative financial systems between library and campus
Electronic Resource Management (non-integrated with ILS)
OpenURL Link Resolver w/ knowledge base for access to
full-text electronic articles
Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm,
DigiTool, etc.)
Institutional Repositories (DSpace, Fedora, etc.)
Discovery-layer services for broader access to library
collections
No effective integration services / interoperability among
disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes
Phase of realignment
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Strong need to realign library automation with
current library realities
Legacy library systems reinforce workflows no
longer in step with library priorities.
Need systems that allow libraries to allocate
personnel in proper proportion to collection
Separate automation platforms for print and
electronic have not proven successful
Academic Library Issues
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Greater concern with electronic resources
Management: Need for consolidated approach that
balances print, digital, and electronic workflows
Access: discovery interfaces that maximize the value
of investments in electronic content
Public Library Issues
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Enhance the experience of library patrons
Management and access to physical resources
Self-service through the Web portal:
 View
current loans, perform holds, renewals, pay fines
and fees
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Self-service in the physical library
 RFID-based
self-issue and returns
 Helps the library deploy service personnel for highest
impact
National Library Issues
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Larger-scale collections
Cultural Heritage responsibilities
National services: bibliographic, resource sharing,
automation, etc.
National infrastructure: technology platforms shared
at the widest level
A Cloudy Forecast for Libraries
Systems Librarian Column, Sept 2011
“Service-oriented architectures and browser-based
interfaces deployed through cloud-based
infrastructure stand today as the key technologies
preferred for new software development efforts”
http://www.infotoday.com/cilmag/sep11/Breeding.shtml
Cloud Computing
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Major trend in Information Technology
Few organizations have core competence in large-scale
computer infrastructure management
Essentially outsourcing of server housing and
management
Usually based on a consumption-based business model
Most new automation products delivered through some
flavor of cloud computing
Many flavors to suit business needs: public, private,
hybrid
Library Automation in the Cloud
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Almost all library automation vendors offer some
form of cloud-based services
Server management moves from library to Vendor
Subscription-based business model
Comprehensive annual subscription payment
 Offsets
local server purchase and maintenance
 Offsets some local technology support
Software as a Service
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Multi Tennant SaaS is the modern approach
 One
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Software functionality delivered entirely through
Web interfaces
 No
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copy of the code base serves multiple sites
workstation clients
Upgrades and fixes deployed universally
 Usually
in small increments
Data as a service
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SaaS provides opportunity for highly shared data models
WorldCat: one globally shared copy that serves all libraries
Primo Central: central index of articles maintained by Ex
Libris shared by all libraries implementing Primo / Primo
Central
KnowledgeWorks database of of e-journal holdings shared
among all customers of Serials Solutions products
General opportunity to move away from library-by-library
metadata management to globally shared workflows
Competing Models of Library
Automation
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Traditional Proprietary Commercial ILS
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Traditional Open Source ILS
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Evergreen, Koha
New generation Library Services Platforms
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Aleph, Voyager, Millennium, Symphony, Polaris,
BOOK-IT, DDELibra, Libra.se
LIBERO, Amlib, Spydus, TOTALS II, Absys.net
Ex Libris Alma, Kuali OLE, OCLC WorldShare Management Services,
Serials Solutions Intota
Cloud-based systems
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Ex Libris Alma
OCLC WorldShare Management Service
Serials Solutions: Intota
Beyond the Integrated Library System
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Find a new term for the successor to the ILS
Integrated Library System now viewed as printcentric
Need to designate a name for the new genre of
automation products
Library Services Platforms
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Comprehensive Management: Print, Electronic,
Digital
Shared data models / Knowledge base driven
Cloud Technology: multi-tenant software-as-aservice
Service Platform: Open APIs for extensibility and
interoperability
Comprehensive Resource Management
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No longer sensible to use different software
platforms for managing different types of library
materials
ILS + ERM + OpenURL Resolver + Digital Asset
management, etc. very inefficient model
Flexible platform capable of managing multiple
type of library materials, multiple metadata
formats, with appropriate workflows
Open Systems
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Achieving openness has risen as the key driver behind
library technology strategies
Libraries need to do more with their data
Ability to improve customer experience and operational
efficiencies
Demand for Interoperability
Open source – full access to internal program of the
application
Open API’s – expose programmatic interfaces to data
and functionality
New Library Management Model
Unified Presentation Layer
Search:
Library Services
Platform
API Layer
`
Digital
Coll
Consolidated index
Self-Check /
Automated
Return
ProQuest
EBSCO
…
JSTOR
Stock
Management
Enterprise
Resource
Planning
Learning
Management
Other
Resources
Smart Cad /
Payment
systems
Authentication
Service
New models of Library Collection
Discovery
From local discovery to Web-scale discovery
Next-Gen Library Catalogs
Marshall Breeding
Neal-Schuman Publishers
March 2010
Volume 1 of The Tech Set
Challenge: Disjointed approach to
information and service delivery
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Library Web sites offer a menu of unconnected silos:
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Books: Library OPAC (ILS online catalog module)
Articles: Aggregated content products, e-journal collections
OpenURL linking services
E-journal finding aids (Often managed by link resolver)
Subject guides (e.g. Springshare LibGuides)
Local digital collections
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ETDs, photos, rich media collections
Metasearch engines
Discovery Services – often just another choice among many
All searched separately
Online Catalog
Search:
Search Results
ILS Data
Next-gen Catalogs or Discovery
Interface
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Single search box
Query tools
Did you mean
 Type-ahead
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Relevance ranked results
Faceted navigation
Enhanced visual displays
Cover art
 Summaries, reviews,
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Recommendation services
Discovery Interface search model
Search:
Local
Index
ILS Data
Digital
Collections
ProQuest
Search Results
MetaSearch
Engine
EBSCOhost
…
MLA
Bibliography
ABC-CLIO
Real-time query and
responses
Discovery Products
Differentiation in Discovery
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Products increasingly specialized between public
and academic libraries
Public libraries: emphasis on engagement with
physical collection
Academic libraries: concern for discovery of
heterogeneous material types, especially books +
articles + digital objects
Device Agnostic
Discovery from Local to Web-scale
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Initial products focused on technology
AquaBrowser, Endeca, Primo, Encore, VuFind,
 LIBERO Uno, Civica Sorcer, Axiell Arena
 Mostly locally-installed software
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Current phase is focused on pre-populated indexes that
aim to deliver Web-scale discovery
Primo Central (Ex Libris)
 Summon (Serials Solutions)
 WorldCat Local (OCLC)
 EBSCO Discovery Service (EBSCO)
 Encore with Article Integration (no index, though)
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Web-scale Index-based Discovery
Search Results
Consolidated Index
Search:
ILS Data
Digital
Collections
ProQuest
EBSCOhost
…
MLA
Bibliography
ABC-CLIO
Pre-built harvesting and
indexing
Web-scale Search + Federated Search
ILS Data
Search Results
Consolidated
Index
Search:
Digital
Collections
ProQuest
…
MLA
Bibliography
ABC-CLIO
Fed
Search
Interim model to deal with resources not
possible to harvest into consolidated index
Pre-built harvesting and
indexing
Nonharvestable
Resources
Encore Synergy
Local
Index
Search:
ILS Data
Digital
Collections
ProQuest
…
Local Index Results
EBSCOhost
Local Index Results
Web Services
Remote Search Results
…
MLA
Bibliography
ABC-CLIO
New Library Management Model
Unified Presentation Layer
Search:
Library Services
Platform
Digital
Coll
Search
Engine
API Layer
`
Consolidated index
Self-Check /
Automated
Return
ProQuest
EBSCO
…
JSTOR
Stock
Management
Other
Resources
Enterprise
Resource
Planning
Learning
Management
Smart Cad /
Payment
systems
Authentication
Service
The Discovery Services Market
Adoption of Discovery Services
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Next-gen catalogs or discovery services have been
around since 2002
Many mature products
Continuing to evolve and expand
Online catalog components of ILS products have
taken on many of the characteristics of discovery
layers
 Examples:
LS2 PAC, Polaris PowerPAC
Discovery Service Installations
Discovery Product
2007 2008 2009
2010 2011 Installed
Primo
12
37
53
506
111
914
AquaBrowser
55
339
64
69
74
254
Encore
72
72
109
56
72
326
46
77
58
88
236
50
164
214
407
75
100
251
7
12
22
39
Axiell Arena
61
57
33
76
Chamo
10
34
7
51
LS2 PAC
Summon
Enterprise
Civica Sorcer
16
EBSCO Discovery Service
Global Primo Installations
Summon Global Adoption
Expanding the Depth of Discovery
Citations / Metadata > Full Text
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Citations or structured metadata provide key data
to power search & retrieval and faceted navigation
Indexing Full-text of content amplifies access
Important to understand depth indexing
 Currency,
dates covered, full-text or citation
 Many other factors
Full-text Book indexing
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HathiTrust: 11 million volumes, 5.3 million titles,
263,000 serial titles, 3.5 billion pages
HathiTrust in Discovery Indexes
 Primo
Central (Jan 20, 2012) [previously indexed only
metadata]
 EBSCO Discovery Service (Sept 8 2011)
 WorldCat Local (Sept 7, 2011)
 Summon (Mar 28, 2011)
Challenge for Relevancy
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Technically feasible to index hundreds of millions or
billions of records through Lucene or SOLR
Difficult to order records in ways that make sense
Many fairly equivalent candidates returned for any
given query
Must rely on use-based and social factors to
improve relevancy rankings
Challenges for Collection Coverage
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To work effectively, discovery services need to
cover comprehensively the body of content
represented in library collections
What about publishers that do not participate?
Is content indexed at the citation or full-text level?
What are the restrictions for non-authenticated
users?
How can libraries understand the differences in
coverage among competing services?
Evaluating the Coverage of Indexbased Discovery Services
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Intense competition: how well the index covers the body
of scholarly content stands as a key differentiator
Difficult to evaluate based on numbers of items indexed
alone.
Important to ascertain now your library’s content
packages are represented by the discovery service.
Important to know what items are indexed by citation
and which are full text
Important to know whether the discovery service favors
the content of any given publisher
Example: Summon Unified Index
Growth
Open Discovery Initiative
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NISO Work Group to Develop Standards and
Recommended Practices for Library Discovery
Services Based on Indexed Search
Informal meeting called at ALA Annual 2011
Co-Chaired by Marshall Breeding and Jenny
Walker
Term: Dec 2011 – May 2013
Open Discovery Initiative stakeholders
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Libraries: provide discovery services on behalf of
their patrons
Publishers: provide content to be indexed by
discovery services
Discovery Service Provides: develop discovery
interfaces and populate indexes
ODI Project Goals:
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Identify … needs and requirements of the three
stakeholder groups in this area of work.
Create recommendations and tools to streamline the
process by which information providers, discovery
service providers, and librarians work together to
better serve libraries and their users.
Provide effective means for librarians to assess the level
of participation by information providers in discovery
services, to evaluate the breadth and depth of content
indexed and the degree to which this content is made
available to the user.
E-book Integration
The rise of e-books
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Academic libraries: e-books included in aggregated
content packages
 E-books
used primarily for research and consultation,
not long reading
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Public Libraries: Subscriptions to e-book services
that provide an outsourced collection of loanable ebooks
K-12 Schools, Colleges, Universities: interest in
electronic textbooks
Integrating e-Books into Library
Automation Infrastructure
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Current approach involves mostly outsourced
arrangements
Collections licensed wholesale from single provider
Hand-off to DRM and delivery systems of providers
Loading of MARC records into local catalog with
linking mechanisms
No ability to see availability status of e-books from
the library’s online catalog or discovery interface
Technology Issues
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Access to materials controlled through Digital Rights
Management
Closed ecosystems that control content through
identity management and rights policies
Imposes significant overhead on the user
experience:
 Download
an install DRM components
 Establish user credentials in site trusted by DRM
 Works only with devices that comply with DRM
restrictions
Questions and discussion