Transcript Document

Session 10.8.
Logistics in
Emergencies
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
10.8.1.
Objectives of an Emergency Relief
Logistics System
“…to deliver the appropriate
supplies in good condition, in the
quantities required, to the right
places, to the people who need
them on time.”
A
B
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks Emergency Management Training
2
The Flow of Transport & Goods
Port of
entry
ORIGIN
Primary
Forward
warehouse warehouse
Handling
Long
haul
Terminal
storage
DISTRIBUTION
Short
haul
The logistics chain
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
10.8.3.
Typical Logistics System
LOCAL
WAREHOUSE
CENTRAL
WAREHOUSE
SEA
CAPITAL
LOCAL
WAREHOUSE
PORT OF
ENTRY
REGIONAL
WAREHOUSE
LOCAL
AIRFIELD
LOCAL
WAREHOUSE
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
10.8.4.
Control/Responsibility
?
To Extended Delivery Point
?
To Distribution
Agent
?
To Beneficiaries
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
10.8.5.
WFP/UNHCR MOU, MAR 97
KEY
POINTS
TENSION
POINTS
WFP responsible for food for all
populations of concern over 5,000
Agreement on
numbers
WFP delivers to and manages
Extended Delivery Points (EDPs)
Timing of
stocktaking from
EDP, reserve stocks
UNHCR is responsible for delivery
from EDPs and ultimate distribution
Agreement on
numbers,
accountability for
food used
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
10.8.6.
Logistics: Linked Systems
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Operations
Procurement
Commodity clearance
Storage & handling
Transport control: scheduling, fleet management, driver
control, fuel management
Commodity control:scheduling, tracking,accounting
Terminal distribution management
Support:
Administration: personnel, security,communications
Finance
Vehicle and equipment maintenance and repair
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
10.8.7.
Controlling & Monitoring
“The level of control
is a function of the
value and importance
of the goods.”
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
10.8.8.
A few guidelines...
 Keep adequate buffer stocks
 Reduce the number of stops and transfers
 Consolidate facilities
 Unify the system
 Create redundancy in transport
 Define the area of operation
 Standardize the equipment
 Make small, manageable shipments
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
10.8.9.
Exercise - Logistica
Nordia
A
Cap City
Regional
Warehouse
Portown
C
Logistica
B
Eastia
LEGEND
Airport
Seaport
Warehouse
Border
Road
Railroad
Mountains
Bridge
River
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
10.8.10.
Making It Work
 Start with a detailed commodity management
plan
 Review the plan with authorities; get
agreement on procedures
 Clear “departmental” responsibilities, however
small the operation
 Establish comprehensive personnel
management procedures
 Keep on fine-tuning once the system is working
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
10.8.11.
Commodity Control Systems
 Track amounts, location of items at every point
in the supply chain
 Assign responsibility for goods to individuals
who are “held to account”
 Information for planning, scheduling, and
statistical reporting
 Formal accounting reports to donors
 Where commodities are
 Who received them
 How much was lost
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
10.8.12.
Information System Functions
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Assisting assessment
Tracking needs
Tracking local resources
Coordination
Tracking international
requests, pledges, and
arrivals
 Others?
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
10.8.13.
Facilities & Equipment
 Logistics programs generally require:
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offices and administrative equipment
warehousing
fuel stores and workshops
vehicle parks and checkpoints
personal; vehicles for staff
truck fleets and specialized
moving & handling equipment
 communications equipment
 accommodations for field
personnel
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
10.8.14.
Logistics & Security
 Support from national authorities
 Regular pay
 Clearly defined, and monitored responsibilities
 Centralization of key facilities
 Controlled access
 All incidents documented in detail
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
10.8.15.
More on Security
 Use checkpoints to monitor movement and
provide overnight security
 Give prior warning of all shipments by radio
 Accounting procedures followed for every
shipment
 Regular radio contact/visits to remote sites
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
10.8.16.
Strengthening Local Infrastructure &
Institutions
 Protect key resources
from hazards
 Protect existing supply systems
 Ensure enough
vehicles and staff
are available
 Ensure capacity at ports and airports
 Make arrangements
for cash management
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
10.8.17.
Transport Problems
 Lack of standard equipment, vehicle types
 Difficulties with spare parts and tires
 Inadequate on-board equipment
 Lack of driver discipline
 Dependence on local fuel sources
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
10.8.18.
Problem Areas
 Lack of authority
 Lack of strategy
 Lack of systems thinking
 Lack of information systems design
 Lack of political/environmental analysis
 Limited financial resources/control
 Insufficient/delayed equipment
 Insufficient/delayed staff
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
10.8.19.
International Involvement
OCHA
CARE
UNRWA
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training
10.8.20.