Transcript Women of the Middle Ages and Renaissance

Women of the Middle
Ages and Renaissance
Hildegard of Bingen
• Born AD 1098 in
Bermersheim, Gemany
• Benedictine monastery
• Died Sept. 17, 1179
• Canonized
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen
Hildegard’s Education
• Jutta of Sponheim
• Prayers, chants, ten-stringed psaltery,
sewing and embroidering
• Benedictine nun
• Deep knowledge of Scripture,
Christian writers, and classical writers
Hildegard’s Roles
• Infirmarian (nursephysician)
• Abbess at 38—made
changes for nuns
• 6 major written works,
400 letters, 80 songs
• First woman doctor
• Linguist and musician
• Preacher (sanctioned
by Pope)
Hildegard’s alphabet
Hildegard and Education
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Christian doctrine
First morality play
Natural science, medicine, and sexuality
Equality of women in the Church
Taught “theology of the feminine”
Education is an active, open forum for the
human mind
Hildegard von Bingen
and the monk Volmar
“Universal Man” from Liber
divinorum operum, 1165
Christine de Pizan
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Born c. 1364, in Venice, Italy
Father
French King Charles V in 1368
Married
Husband
Died 1430
Christine’s Education
• Read many of the books in the king’s
library, including classics
• Taught by mother to spin, weave, cook,
manage household, and raise children
• Taught by father to read French, Italian,
and some Latin, and to write
Christine’s Roles
• Tried to manage deceased husband’s
property
• Took over as court secretary
• Poet (100 ballades by 1402)
• Self-educator
• Feminist—spoke out against treatment of
women
• Moral educator
• Biographer and autobiographer
Contributions to Education
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Themes of her writing
Genres
Liberal education for women
Teach children through “learning by
doing”—make use of child’s natural
curiosity
Christine de Pizan
instructing her son
Christine de Pizan, showing the
interior of an apartment at the end
of the 14th or commencement of
the 15th century
Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim
• Born AD 930-940,
in Saxony
• Canoness in
convent in
Gandersheim
• Died c. 1002 AD
Education and Women
• Wrote epic poems, legends, and dramas
about Christian themes
• Knowledge of Latin and classical authors
• Early European playwrite
• Focus on female characters in roles of
spiritual devotion
Clare of Assisi
• Born July, 1194
• Met St. Francis and
confided in him her
desire to live for
God
• Became nun, 1212
• Died August 1, 1253
• Canonized Sept. 26,
1255 by Pope
Alexander IV
Contributions
• Order of Poor Ladies and
abbess
• Followed Franciscan
monks
• Humble, merciful,
optimistic, charismatic
• Saved convent
• Taught women to have
aims higher than
worldliness
Simone Martini, detail depicting
Saint Clare from a fresco (1312–
20) in the Lower Basilica of San
Francesco, Assisi
Catherine of Siena
• Born March 25,
1347, in Siena, Italy
• 23rd child out of 25
• Dominican Tertiary
• Died April 29, 1380,
in Rome
• Canonized in 1461
by Pope Pius II
Dominico Beccafumi, 1515
Impact
• Wrote many letters to important officials
• Encourage peace and the return of the
Papacy to Rome
• Great works of early Tuscan literature
• Tended to the sick
• Served the poor
Other Important Women
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Joan of Arc
Julian of Norwich
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Theodora
St. Monica (mother
of St. Augustine)
• Isabella d’Este
• Marguerite de
Porete
• Bridget of Sweden
• Gertrude the Great
• Dhuoda
• Catherine of Genoa
Hildegard References
• Murphy, Madonna. 2006. The History and
Philosophy of Education: Voices of Educational
Pioneers. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. Pp.
104-8
• Lerman, Kristina. 1995. The Life and Works of
Hildegard von Bingen. Available at:
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/hildegarde.html
• Catholic Community Forum. Hildegard von Bingen.
Available at: http://www.catholicforum.com/saints/sainth05.htm
• Wikipedia. 2007. Hildegard of Bingen. Available at:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen
Christine References
• Murphy, Madonna. 2006. The History and
Philosophy of Education: Voices of
Educational Pioneers. New Jersey: Pearson
Education, Inc. Pp. 128-32
• Wikipedia.com. 2007. Christine de Pizan.
Available at:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_de_Piz
an
Clare References
• Catholic Community Forum. Clare of Assisi.
Available at: http://www.catholicforum.com/saints/saintc03.htm
• Robinson, Paschal. 2006. St. Clare of Assisi.
Catholic Encyclopedia. Available at:
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04004a.htm
• Wikipedia.com. 2007. Clare of Assisi. Available
at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi
Hrotsvitha References
• Churchill, Laurie. 2000. Hrotsvit. Available
at:
http://go.owu.edu/~o5medww/hrotsvit/inde
x.htm
• Scheid, Nikolaus. 2006. Hrotsvitha.
Catholic Encyclopedia. Available at:
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07504b.
htm
Catherine of Siena References
• Wikipedia.com. 2007. Catherine of Siena.
Available at:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena
• Gardner, Edmund. 2006. St. Catherine of Siena.
Catholic Encyclopedia. Available at:
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03447a.htm