Transcript Document
Foundations of Web-Based Instructional Design
Foundational Areas of the WBID Model
Principles within Learning Theory Bases
Principles of Behaviorism that can be applied to WBID • Practice – repetition; provide opportunity.
• Reinforcement – Better to apply positive re-inforcers.
– Negative reinforcement is trickier.
• Active learning – Participation required • Shaping and modeling – Modeling: demonstrating desired goal.
– Shaping: reinforce towards goal.
Principles of Behaviorism that can be applied to WBID (let’s apply) • Practice • Reinforcement • Active learning • Shaping and modeling
Cognitive Learning Theories
• Emphasize information processing within learner’s mind.
• Not just what learner does; but how arrived at answer.
• Hands-on discovery learning.
• Learner-centeredness.
– All learners have their own perspective, experience, and prior knowledge.
Cognitive Learning Theories
• Learning must be meaningful.
• Learning must consider prior knowledge.
• Learning must center instruction on the learner.
• How to apply…….
Constructivist Learning Theories
• Learners construct meaning based on their own experiences and through a social negotiation of that meaning during learning.
• Learners interact and build their own knowledge and skills.
• Learners construct knowledge from information received.
• Focus on learner within a social setting.
Constructivist Learning Theories Webquests • Pose a problem • Provide a framework with team member roles and activities • Path to solution is open.
• Sections – Introduction – Tasks – Process – Evaluation – Conclusion
Constructivist Learning Theories Webquests • • http://webquest.sdsu.edu/ http://www.teachersfirst.com/summer/webq uest/quest-a.shtml
• http://bestwebquests.com/
Systems Theory
• Closed vs. open systems.
• Systematic vs. Systemic – Systematic: organized approach to developing instructional innovation.
– Systemic: innovation disseminated and diffused throughout entire organization.
• Instructional design is iterative.
Communication Theory
•Role of Noise •Message Design includes •Text •Graphics •Placement •Navigation Tools •Help systems
Instructional Design Models
• ADDIE model – analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation.
– Emphasis on micro-level design.
• Macro-level design – emphasis on entire curricula.
• Rapid prototyping.