Transcript National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Traffic

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
(NHTSA)
A Comprehensive Approach
to Traffic Safety
International Conference on Road Safety at Work
February 2009
Road Traffic Crashes: Global Impact
• Annually, road traffic crashes
cause:
• 1.2 million deaths
• 50 million injuries
• $500 billion in economic costs
• By 2020, traffic crashes will be
the 6th largest cause of death
worldwide.
• It is estimated that by the year 2020:
• A significant increase in crashes in low- and middle-income
countries.
• A moderate decrease in crashes in high-income countries.
Source: WHO World Report on Traffic Injury Prevention 2004
Road Traffic Crashes: U.S. Impact
U.S. traffic fatalities and injuries continue to decrease, with 2007 posting
the lowest fatality rate and injury numbers on record.
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41,059 fatalities / 1.37 per 100 million VMT
• This rate has improved over time -- from 1.41 in 2006 and 1.69 in 1996
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2.49 million people injured
$150 billion in economic costs
NHTSA is committed to further reducing the losses due to traffic crashes,
and is focusing several specific challenge areas:
Motorcycle crashes
• represent 13% of 2007 fatalities
• fatalities up 6.6% since 2006
Seatbelt use
• 83% usage in 2008, up from 71% in
2000 and 58% in 1994
•~270 lives saved for each 1%
increase in use rate
Drunk Driving Mitigation
•DUIs are 32% of the total of 2007
fatalities (BAC ≥ 0.08)
•DUIs down 3.7% since 2006
•Fatal motorcycle DUIs increased in
25 states
Source: National Center for Statistics and Analysis
NHTSA History & Overview
1966
Department of Transport
Act / National Traffic and
Motor Vehicle Safety Act
Establishes DOT /
Mandates creation of the
Federal Motor Vehicle
Safety Standards (FMVSS)
1970
CAFE
Highway Safety Act
Establishes National
Highway Traffic
Safety Administration
within DOT
• ~$800M annual budget
• Key Divisions:
• Vehicle Safety
• Rulemaking
• Enforcement
• Vehicle Safety Research
• National Center for Statistics
and Analysis
1975
Energy Policy and
Conservation Act
Requires NHTSA to
establish and revise
fleet average fuel
economy standards
• ~600 employees
• Traffic Injury Control
• Research & Program Development
• 10 Regional Program Offices
NHTSA Mission & Strategy
• NHTSA is the lead agency responsible for vehicle and traffic safety
in the United States.
• Mission:
Save Lives, Prevent Injuries, and Reduce
Economic Costs due to Road Traffic Crashes
• Traffic safety is a multi-sector issue:
Transportation
Public Health
Law
Enforcement
The NHTSA Approach
NHTSA realizes its goals of increasing road and traffic safety by
establishing and enforcing rules informed by a rigorous policy approach.
This approach is:
•COMPREHENSIVE
•Human, Vehicle, Environment
•All contributing factors are
examined
• PERFORMANCE-BASED
• Regulating the performance rather than the design of vehicles and
their components
• SCIENCE-BASED and DATA-DRIVEN
• Pre-crash, crash, post-crash
• Rulemakings are undertaken only when grounded in theory and
backed by sound, empirical evidence.
The Haddon Matrix
Human
Vehicle
Environment
Pre-Event
Event
Post-Event
A Comprehensive Policy Approach to Highway Safety
Rulemaking
NHTSA is responsible for developing Federal Motor Vehicle Safety
Standards (FMVSS), regulations that establish standards for vehicle
safety, fuel economy, and theft prevention. Both these standards and the
processes used to establish them must be:
Transparent and Open
• U.S. Safety Standards must:
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Meet a safety need
Be technologically and
economically practicable
Objectively measure compliance
Be performance-oriented (vs.
design restrictive)
Be appropriate for each vehicle
type
Reasoned and Fair
• Sources of Rulemaking Action:
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Legislation
Public Petition
Crash-Data Analysis
Technology Changes
International Standards
Voluntary Standards
Compliance Issues
Rulemaking
• U.S. Rulemaking Process:
Research &
Development
Initiate
Rulemaking
Proposed
Rule (NPRM)
• Initiate / Preliminary Notice
•
At the beginning of the process,
a preliminary notice requests
information about the problem
and solicits suggestions for
regulatory solutions.
• Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
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The NPRM explains the basis for
the proposed effective date,
seeks public comment within a
set period, and may ask about
alternative solutions.
Public
Comment
Final
Rule
• Public Comment
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The public may provide additional
information on compliance
issues, suggest changes, or
challenge the agency’s analyses,
assumptions, or policy choices.
• Final Rule
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Explains the agency’s acceptance
or rejection of each significant
comment, describes changes
made, and explains choices
among regulatory approaches.
Rulemaking: Harmonization
The economic and safety benefits of harmonized vehicle regulations are
significant. As such, NHTSA’s harmonization efforts are centered on the
1998 Agreement on Global Technical Regulations administered by the
UNECE’s World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29).
• Completed Vehicle Safety GTRs:
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Door Locks and Latches, Motorcycle Brakes, Head Restraints, Glazing,
Electronic Stability Control (ESC), Pedestrian Safety
• In-Process GTRs:
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Hydrogen Vehicles, Tires
• New Program of Work
http://www.unece.org/trans/main/welcwp29.htm
Rulemaking: Fuel Economy
NHTSA’s Corporate Average Fuel Economy program (CAFE) is the
cornerstone of fuel economy efforts in the U.S. The program’s current
focus is meeting mandates for significant increases in U.S. fleet fuel
economy over the next ten years. Specific priorities include:
• Passenger Cars and Light Trucks, MY 2011-2015
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Proposes substantial increases to current standards
New Responsibilities
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Medium and heavy duty truck fuel efficiency
Tire fuel efficiency
Consumer information
Enforcement
NHTSA’s Enforcement activities are legislatively supported by The
National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act and center on upholding the
following basic principles:
• Self-Certification: Manufacturers • Duty to Recall: Manufacturers
must certify that their vehicles
and equipment comply with the
appropriate FMVSS.
• Prohibition: A person may not
manufacture for sale, offer for
sale, introduce into commerce,
or import noncompliant vehicles
or equipment
must recall (i.e., notify owners
and provide remedy for all
affected vehicles or equipment) if
it learns of a safety defect or
noncompliance, or if NHTSA
decides there is a defect on
noncompliance.
• Importers are manufacturers: Per
statutory definition.
Fully compliant vehicles or equipment may contain safety defects.
Enforcement
NHTSA’s Enforcement primary responsibilities are divided between two
offices: Defects Investigation and Vehicle Safety Compliance.
Office of Defects Investigation
ODI identifies candidates for investigation from complaints, manufacturer
notices, foreign recalls, early warning reports, and petitions. Voluntary
recalls usually follow if evidence of defects is found, though ODI can
order a recall if necessary.
Office of Vehicle Safety
Compliance
Spotlight on:
OVSC works to ensure new motor
vehicles and equipment for sale in
the U.S. comply with FMVSS
requirements by testing and
inspecting vehicles from the
marketplace.
Imported equipment makes up a
growing proportion of the U.S.
market, and NHTSA’s enforcement
activities increasingly involve these
imports. NHTSA looks to its
international colleagues to cooperate
on these important issues.
Equipment Imports
Vehicle Safety Research
The Vehicle Safety Research division supports NHTSA’s programs
through the collection and analysis of crash data to identify safety issues.
The resulting research is used to develop solutions to problems and
assess the costs, benefits, and effectiveness of countermeasures.
Research activities focus on improving vehicle
crashworthiness and crash avoidance. Current
priorities include:
• Increasing seat belt use
• Decreasing alcohol and drug
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involvement in crashes
Decreasing the number of rollover
crashes
Improving vehicle-to-vehicle crash
compatibility
Improving data systems
Crashworthiness & Crash Avoidance
The Vehicle Safety Research division’s works to foster promising new
technologies and to improve the performance of existing systems.
Crashworthiness strives to reduce
the severity and increase the
survivability of a crash. Areas of
study include:
Crash Avoidance technologies are
designed to increase vehicle’s
ability to avoid crashes. Areas of
study include:
• Roof Crush
• Electronic Stability Control
• Vehicle Compatibility
• Lane Departure Warning
• Rollover Mitigation
• Adaptive Cruise Control
• Advanced Restraints
• Blind Spot Detection
• Ejection Mitigation
• Night Vision
• Motorcoach / School Bus Safety
• Active Braking
New Car Assessment Program (NCAP)
The New Car Assessment Program provides needed information about
vehicle safety and new technologies so consumers are well-informed. It
also encourages manufacturers to accelerate the deployment and
availability of safety technologies. Current priorities include:
• Preparations for upgraded NCAP release MY 2010
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Enhanced Vehicle Labels—more safety performance information at point of
sale
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Web upgrades—more information via the Internet
• Advanced Technology Program
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Electronic Stability Control
Forward Collision Warning
Lane Departure Warning
National Center for Statistics and Analysis
The collection and analysis of quality data is critical to NHTSA’s mission.
The National Center for Statistics and Analysis (NCSA) provides an
objective basis to analyses of motor vehicle safety standards and
highway safety programs. NCSA collects data, evaluates the extent of
problems, and identifies potential countermeasures.
• Key Data Acquisition Programs:
• Fatality Analysis Reporting
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System
National Automotive Sampling
System
Special Crash Investigation
Crash Outcome Data Evaluation
System
• National Occupant Protection
• Traffic Records Analysis
• Collection and analysis of State
driver records
• Regulatory Analysis and
Evaluation
• Examines effectiveness of
existing NHTSA regulations and
programs
Survey
Data, fact sheets, and reports are accessible online at:
www.nhtsa.dot.gov
Traffic Injury Control
NHTSA’s Traffic Injury Control programs address the human behavioral
factors of road safety. The Research and Program Development division
develops countermeasures targeting the following key areas:
• Impaired Driving and Occupant Protection
• Safety Programs
• Enforcement and Criminal Justice Systems
• Speed Management
• Young Novice Drivers
• Older Drivers
• Pedestrians
• Motorcycles
• Behavioral Safety Research
• Emergency Medical Services
www.photos.c
om
Traffic Injury Control
Research and Program Development’s products include a wide range of
traffic safety materials:
• Educational products aimed at the consumer:
• Walkability Checklist, Beginning Teenage Drivers
• Good practice guides and campaign planners for traffic safety
practitioners and safety advocates:
• Back to School planner, Click It or Ticket It, Promising Practices in
Motorcycle Rider Education
• Training curricula for strengthening the skills of traffic safety
professionals and law enforcement personnel:
• Child Passenger Safety, Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
• Research and Evaluation Reports:
• Impaired driving, seat belt use, novice drivers, motorcycles, pedestrians,
older drivers, speed management, etc.
• NHTSA’s ten regional offices disseminate these products and
administer grant programs aimed at specific targets, such as impaired
driving and occupant protection.
International Program Strategies
• Collaborate with U.S. and International Organizations
• Participate in the development of global road traffic programs through
groups including the WHO, WP.1, the World Bank, and others.
• Actively engage in the vehicle safety standard harmonization process
undertaken by WP.29 through the 1998 Agreement.
• Support the development and distribution of good practice manuals for
implementing traffic safety programs.
• Engage in bilateral agreements on vehicle and road traffic safety with
other countries including: Canada, China, the EU, France, Korea, Japan,
the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.
• Welcome and inform delegations through the International Visitors
Program.
Highlights
NHTSA’s successes in increasing vehicle and road traffic safety depends
on applying a rigorous, science-based approach to the following factors:
Engineering
Education
Enforcement
Develop sciencebased, data-driven
regulations designed
to increase vehicle
and traffic safety for all
road-users.
Raise awareness of
vehicle and traffic
safety problems.
Teach people about
measures being taken
to address the issues.
Ensure regulations are
evenly and effectively
applied across all
populations and areas.
Thank You!