Transcript Slide 1

HOW WELL IS ARKANSAS
PREPARING ALL
STUDENTS FOR COLLEGE,
CAREERS AND LIFE
May 2011
Why College- and Career-Ready
Expectations for All?
A high school diploma is no longer enough; now, nearly every good
job requires some education beyond high school – such as an
associate’s or bachelor’s degree, certificate, license, or completion
of an apprenticeship or significant on-the-job training.
Far too many students drop out or graduate from high school
without the knowledge and skills required for success, closing doors
and limiting their post-high school options and opportunities.
The best way to prepare students for life after high school is to align
K-12 and postsecondary expectations. All students deserve a worldclass education that prepares them for college, careers and life.
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A HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA IS NO
LONGER ENOUGH FOR SUCCESS
The changing economy is accelerating the
expectations gap, as careers increasingly require
some education/training beyond high school,
and more developed knowledge and skills.
Jobs in Today’s (and Tomorrow’s) Workforce
Require More Education and Training
Source: Carnevale, Anthony P. et al. (June 2010). Help Wanted: Projections of Jobs and Education
Requirements Through 2018. Georgetown Center on Education and the Workforce.
ww9.georgetown.edu/grad/gppi/hpi/cew/pdfs/FullReport.pdf
4
The Rise of Middle-Skill Jobs
High-skill jobs
Occupations in the professional/technical and managerial categories.
Often require four-year degrees and above
Middle-skill jobs
Occupations that include clerical, sales, construction, installation/repair,
production, and transportation/material moving.
Low-skill jobs
Occupations in the service and agricultural categories.
Often require some education and training beyond high school (but
typically less than a bachelor’s degree), including associate’s degrees,
vocational certificates, significant on-the-job training.
Source: Holzer, Harry J. and Robert I. Lerman (February 2009). The Future of Middle-Skill Jobs.
Brookings Institution.
5
Employment Shares by Occupational Skill Level
Source: National Skills Coalition (2010). The Bridge to a New Economy: Worker Training Fills the Gap.
http://www.nationalskillscoalition.org/assets/reports-/the-bridge-to-a-new-economy.pdf ; National Skills Coalition (2011).
State Middle Skill Fact Sheets. http://www.nationalskillscoalition.org/resources/fact-sheets/state-fact-sheets/
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Demand for Middle-Skill Workers Outpaces
Arkansas’ Supply
 In 1950, 60% of jobs were classified as unskilled, attainable by young
people with high school diplomas or less. Today, less than 20% of jobs
are considered to be unskilled.
 One result: The demand for middle- and high-skilled workers is
outpacing the state’s supply of workers educated and experienced at
that level.
82% of Arkansas’ jobs are middle- or high-skill (jobs that require some
postsecondary education or training).
Yet only 27% of Arkansas’ adults have some postsecondary degree
(associate’s or higher).
Sources: Carnevale, Anthony P. and Donna Desrochers (2003). Standards for What? The Economic Roots of K-12 Reform. Education
Testing Services. http://www.learndoearn.org/For-Educators/Standards-for-What.pdf ; Skills to Compete. http://www.skills2compete.org
National Center for Higher Education Management Systems, analysis of 2009 American Community Survey. http://www.higheredinfo.org
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Education and Training Beyond High School
Is Increasingly Being Demanded
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition.
http://www.bls.gov/oco/oco2003.htm
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The Jobs of Tomorrow
Arkansas should be preparing students for the jobs of
tomorrow, not the jobs of yesterday – or even today.
A quarter of American workers are now in jobs not even listed in the
Census Bureau’s occupation codes in 1967.
Given the growth of new job sectors – most notably “green jobs” – it is
common sense to provide all students with a strong foundation that
keeps all doors open and all opportunities available in the future.
Source: Milano, Jessica, Bruce Reed & Paul Weinstein Jr. (Sept 2009). A Matter of Degrees:
Tomorrow’s Fastest Growing Jobs and Why Community College Graduates Will Get Them. The
New Democratic Leadership Council.
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The Public Agrees That Education or
Training Beyond High School
is Necessary for Future Success
87%
89%
To really get ahead in life,
a person needs more
than just a high school
education.
To really get ahead in life, a
person needs at least some
education beyond high
school, whether that means
university, community
college, technical or
vocational school.
Source: Achieve, Inc. (2010). Achieving the Possible: What Americans Think the College and
Career-Ready Agenda. http://www.achieve.org/files/AchievingThePossible-FinalReport.pdf
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America’s International Edge is Slipping in
Postsecondary Degree Attainment
0
10
20
% Young Adults (25-34) with College Degree
30
40
50
60
% Adults (25-64) with College Degree
Source: OECD. Education at a Glance 2010. (All rates are self-reported.) http://www.oecdilibrary.org/education/education-at-a-glance-2010_eag-2010-en; National Center for Higher Education
Management Systems, analysis of 2009 American Community Survey. http://www.higheredinfo.org
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America’s International Edge is Slipping in
Postsecondary Degree Attainment
% of Citizens with Postsecondary Degrees Among OECD Countries, by Age Group (2006)
55-64
45-54
35-44
25-34
ALL (25-64)
1
U.S. (40%)
Canada (44%)
Canada (54%)
Korea (58%)
Canada (49%)
2
Canada (40%)
Japan (43%)
Japan (48%)
Canada (56%)
Japan (43%)
3
N.Z. (34%)
U.S. (40%)
Finland (44%)
Japan (55%)
U.S. (41%)
4
Finland (29%)
N.Z. (38%)
U.S. (43%)
N.Z. (48%)
N.Z. (40%)
5
Australia (28%)
Finland (37%)
Korea (43%)
Norway (46%)
Finland (37%)
6
Norway (28%)
Australia (33%)
N.Z. (40%)
Ireland (45%)
Korea (37%)
7
Switz. (27%)
Denmark (32%)
Norway (38%)
Denmark (43%)
Norway (36%)
8
U.K. (27%)
Norway (32%)
Australia (38%)
Belgium (42%)
Australia (36%)
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Sweden (26%)
Switz. (31%)
Denmark (37%)
Australia (42%)
Denmark (34%)
10
Neth. (26%)
Neth. (31%)
Ireland (37%)
U.S. (42%)
Ireland (34%)
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Denmark (26%)
Iceland (30%)
Switz. (36%)
Sweden (41%)
Switz. (34%)
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Japan (26%)
U.K. (30%)
Iceland (36%)
France (41%)
U.K. (33%)
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Germany (24%)
Belgium (29%)
Belgium (35%)
Neth. (40%)
Belgium (32%)
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Iceland (24%)
Sweden (28%)
U.K. (33%)
Spain (39%)
Neth. (32%)
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Belgium (22%)
Ireland (27%)
Sweden (33%)
Luxembourg (39%)
Sweden (32%)
AR (29%)
AR (29%)
AR (27%)
45-64: Arkansas (25%)
Source: OECD. Education at a Glance 2010. http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/education-at-a-glance2010_eag-2010-en ; National Center for Higher Education Management Systems analysis of 2009 American
Community Survey. http://www.higheredinfo.org
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FAR TOO MANY STUDENTS DROP
OUT OR GRADUATE FROM HIGH
SCHOOL UNPREPARED FOR REAL
WORLD CHALLENGES
Of Every 100 9th Graders in Arkansas…
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
100
75
47
29
17
9th Graders
Graduate
Enroll in
High School College In the
in 4 Years
Fall
Still Enrolled
Sophomore
Year of
College
Earn a
College
Degree
Source: National Center for Higher Education Management Systems (2008). Student Pipeline - Transition and Completion Rates
from 9th Grade to College. http://www.higheredinfo.org
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Achievement Remains Low: 8th Grade
Achievement Over Time
% At or Above Proficient on 8th Grade NAEP
8th Grade Math
1992
2009
Arkansas
10%
27%
U.S.
21%
34%
1998
2009
Arkansas
23%
27%
U.S.
33%
32%
1996
2009
Arkansas
22%
24%
U.S.
29%
30%
8th Grade Reading
8th Grade Science
Source: National Assessment of Educational Progress. Analysis of data downloaded from
http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/naepdata/
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And Gaps Persist: Arkansas’s 8th Grade
Achievement Gap
% At or Above Proficient on 8th Grade NAEP
Subgroup
8th Grade Math
(2009)
8th Grade
8th Grade Science
Reading (2009)
(2009)
All Students
27%
27%
20%
White
34%
33%
32%
Black
8%
8%
4%
Hispanic
15%
19%
12%
Asian
n/a
n/a
n/a
American Indian
n/a
n/a
n/a
Source: National Assessment of Educational Progress. Analysis of data downloaded from
http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/naepdata/
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High School Graduation Rates Remain
Inequitable in Arkansas
79%
76%
69%
72%
80%
75%
64%
51%
55% 60%
50%
50%
60%
40%
20%
0%
N/A
All
White
Black
Hispanic
Asian
Source: Education Week, Education Counts. Developed through the Custom Table Builder,
http://www.edweek.org/rc/2007/06/07/edcounts.html
American
Indian
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America’s International Edge is Slipping in
High School Graduation Rates
Arkansas
U.S.
Korea
Poland
Canada
Israel
Germany
Denmark
Ireland
Norway
Netherlands
U.K.
Iceland
0
20
40
% Young Adults (25-34) with HS Diploma+
60
80
100
% Adults (25-64) with HS Diploma+
Source: OECD. Education at a Glance 2010. (All rates are self-reported) http://www.oecdilibrary.org/education/education-at-a-glance-2010_eag-2010-en; National Center for Higher Education
Management Systems, analysis of 2008 and 2009 American Community Survey. http://www.higheredinfo.org
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Enrollment in College Does NOT Equal
College Readiness
Percentage of U.S. first-year students in two-year and four-year
institutions requiring remediation
Source: National Center for Education Statistics (2003). Remedial Education at Degree-Granting
Postsecondary Institutions in Fall 2000.
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Freshmen at Two-Year Colleges are More
Likely to Require Remediation
Percentage of U.S. first-year students requiring remediation,
by institution type
42%
50%
35%
40%
23%
20%
20%
30%
20%
16%
9%
6%
10%
0%
Math
Writing
Public 2-Year Colleges
Reading
Reading, Writing
or Math
Public 4-Year Colleges
Source: National Center for Education Statistics (2003). Remedial Education at DegreeGranting Postsecondary Institutions in Fall 2000.
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Enrollment in College Does NOT Equal
College Readiness in Arkansas
Percentage of Arkansas’s students in two-year and four-year
institutions in the requiring remediation
Source: Arkansas Department of Higher Education (Dec 2009). Comprehensive Arkansas Higher Education
Annual Report. http://www.adhe.edu/SiteCollectionDocuments/Comprehensive%20Report/14%20%20Remed_Report-FINAL.pdf
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Many College Students Fail to Return Their
Sophomore Year and Go On To Earn Degrees
75%
68%
80%
56%
54%
53%
41%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Persistence (2Year)
Persistence (4Year)
Completion (4Year)
Source: National Center for Higher Education Management Systems (2008). Retention Rates First-Time College Freshmen Returning Their Second Year ; Graduation Rates.
http://www.higheredinfo.org/
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Many College Students Fail to Earn a
Degree in Arkansas
Percent of students earning a bachelor’s
degree within six years in Arkansas, 2007
Source: NCES. IPEDS Graduation Rate Survey, analyzed by National Center for Management of
Higher Education Systems.
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The Majority of Graduates Would Have Taken
Harder Courses, Particularly in Mathematics
Knowing what you know today about the expectations of college/work …
Would have taken
more challenging
courses in at least
one area
Math
Science
English
Source: Peter D. Hart Research Associates/Public Opinion Strategies (2005). Rising to the Challenge:
Are High School Graduates Prepared for College and Work? Washington, DC: Achieve.
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A MORE RIGOROUS & RELEVANT
HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION WILL
OPEN DOORS FOR STUDENTS –
AND KEEP THEM OPEN
Personal Benefits of Education in Arkansas
While there may be jobs available to high school dropouts and
graduates, they often pay less and offer less security than jobs
held by those with at least some postsecondary experience.
The link between educational attainment and gainful employment
is clear:
More education is associated with higher
earnings and higher rates of employment.
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Personal Benefits of Education in Arkansas
Arkansas Statistics: Total Unemployment: 9%, Mean Income: $33,573
Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2010). Current Population Survey. Figures are based on the total persons
in the civilian labor force. http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/cpstc/cps_table_creator.html
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Benefits to Education
Source: Carnevale, Anthony P. et al. (June 2010). Help Wanted: Projections of Jobs and Education Requirements Through
2018. Georgetown Center on Education and the Workforce. www9.georgetown.edu/grad/gppi/hpi/cew/pdfs/FullReport.pdf
Analysis based on author’s analysis of March 2008 CPS data.
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Arkansas’ Students Taking College
Admissions Exams
2010
Arkansas
U.S.
Participation in ACT
81%
47%
Average ACT Score
20.3
21
Participation in SAT
4%
47%
Average SAT Score
1684
1509
Source: ACT (2010). ACT 2009 Results. http://www.act.org/news/data/09/states.html ; College Board. Mean 2010 SAT
Scores by State. http://professionals.collegeboard.com/profdownload/2010-sat-trends.pdf
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Students Meeting College Readiness
Benchmark
Percentage of ACT-tested graduates who met or
exceeded the College Readiness Benchmark score
66%
52%
64%
47%
43%
35%
29%
24%
18%
All 4 tests,
2010
23%
Science,
2010
Math, 2010
Reading,
2010
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
English,
2010
Note: A benchmark score indicates a 50% chance of obtaining a
B or higher or about a 75% chance of obtaining a C or higher in
the corresponding credit-bearing college courses.
Source: ACT (2010). College Readiness Benchmark Attainment by State.
http://www.act.org/news/data/10/benchmarks.html?utm_campaign=cccr10&utm_source=data10_l
eftnav&utm_medium=web#benchmark
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Students Participating in Advanced
Placement and Exceeding College and Career
Readiness
Percent of all 12th Graders Participating in
Advanced Placement (2008)
Source: College Board (2011). AP Report to the Nation.
http://professionals.collegeboard.com/profdownload/7th-annual-ap-report-to-the-nation-2011.pdf
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THE SOLUTION:
STATE-LED EFFORTS TO CLOSE THE
EXPECTATIONS GAP
All students deserve a world-class education that
prepares them for college, careers and life.
The College- and Career-Ready Agenda
Align high school standards with the demands of college
and careers.
Require students to take a college- and career-ready
curriculum to earn a high school diploma.
Build college- and career-ready measures into statewide
high school assessment systems.
Develop reporting and accountability systems that
promote college and career readiness.
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Arkansas’ Commitment to
Closing the Expectations Gap to Date
In 2004, Arkansas adopted the Smart Core, a set of college- and careerready course requirements, as the default graduation requirements for all
students. The Smart Core requirements also are the minimum collegeadmission requirements for entrance into the state’s public four-year
higher education institutions beginning in 2011.
In 2006, Arkansas adopted academic standards aligned to college- and
career-ready expectations.
Arkansas adopted the Common Core State Standards in July 2010.
Arkansas has a P-20 longitudinal data system that regularly matches
student-level data across K-12 and postsecondary data systems.
Arkansas is a Governing State in the Partnership for Assessment of
Readiness for College and Careers (PARCC), a consortium of states
working to develop a common assessment system using Race to the Top
Common Assessment funds.
34
How Arkansas Can Continue to
Build on its Momentum…
…Realize the promise of the Common Core State Standards by
implementing them fully and successfully, taking into consideration the
related curricular and policy changes.
…Remain committed to the goals of PARCC and developing a nextgeneration, computer-based assessment system anchored by college- and
career-ready tests in high school that will let students know if they are
ready for college-level coursework and measure the full range of the
Common Core State Standards.
…Continue to make progress on the state’s data collection efforts,
particularly around making student data available to relevant stakeholders.
…Re-examine the state’s K-12 accountability system to determine how it
can reward measures of college and career readiness, in alignment with the
state’s standards and course requirements.
HOW WELL IS ARKANSAS
PREPARING ALL
STUDENTS FOR COLLEGE,
CAREERS AND LIFE
May 2011