Transcript Document

SEMINAR PRESENTATIONS
Cambodia DHS and Measure DHS+
Survey Objectives and Methodology
Housing and Characteristics of the Population
Fertility and its Determinants
Fertility Preferences
Family Planning
Abortion
Women’s Status
Domestic Violence
HIV/AIDS and Other STIs
Health Status and Utilization of Health Services
Infant, Child and Maternal Mortality
Maternal and Child Health
Infant Feeding & Childhood and Maternal Nutrition
Breastfeeding and Supplementation
Nutritional Status of Children
Nutritional Status of Women
Micronutrient Status
Breastfeeding and its benefits
 Breastmilk contains all the nutrients that
most babies need in the first 6 months.
 It is hygienic, safe and economical.
 Colostrum (premilk substance containing
antibodies and white cells from the mother’s
blood) is a key supplement for the infant’s
immune system.
 Colostrum is produced in the first 2 to 3
days of lactation.
What proportion of children are breastfed?
96
24
11
Ever breastfed
Within 1st hour of Within 1 day of birth
birth
57% of infants are given other liquids before breast
milk, a practice that exposes them to pathogens
and increases their risk of infection,
especially diarrheal disease.
For how long are children breastfed?
 Any breastfeeding: 24 months
 Exclusive breastfeeding: less than 1
month
 99% of children under 6 months of age
were breastfed at least 6 times in the
24 hours before the interview
What do children less than 4 months receive?
Breastfed
and liquids
(including
other milk)
8%
Breastfed
and plain
water only
69%
Exclusively
breastfed
14%
Not
breastfed
1%
Breastfed
and
complementary foods
8%
Supplementary feeding
 Whereas early supplementation feeding is not
recommended because:
It may expose children to pathogens
It decreases an infant’s intake of breast milk
And it also reduces breast milk production…
 However, starting at the age of 6 months, children
should be receiving supplementary feeding since
breastmilk alone is no longer sufficient.
What do children 6 to 9 months receive?
Not
breastfed
7%
Breastfed
and
complementary foods
71%
Breastfed
and plain
water only
19%
Exclusively
breastfed
2%
Breastfed
and liquids
(including
other milk)
1%
Use of the bottle…
18
11
Less than 4 months
13
4 to 5 months
6 to 9 months
This practice puts these children at a
higher risk of illness and
malnutrition.
Breastfeeding and Supplementation
Nutritional Status of Children
Nutritional Status of Women
Micronutrient Status
Level of malnutrition
(Percent of children under age 5)
13
Weight-for-age
(Underweight)
Weight-for
height
(Wasting)
Height-for-age
(Stunting)
45
Severe
4
15
Moderate or
severe
21
45
Stunting variations by mother’s
education and by residence
Residence:
Urban
Rural
38%
46%
Education:
No education
Primary
Secondary+
51%
43%
35%
Breastfeeding and Supplementation
Nutritional Status of Children
Nutritional Status of Women
Micronutrient Status
What percentage of women are
malnourished?
 21% of women have a BMI (Body Mass
Index) below 18.5; they are considered
underweight.
 6% of women are shorter than 145 cm, a
sign of poor nutritional status during
childhood and adolescence.
Breastfeeding and Supplementation
Nutritional Status of Children
Nutritional Status of Women
Micronutrient Status
Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD)
• IDD is a major global nutrition concern.
• IDD can be avoided by using salt that has
been fortified with iodine.
• Interviewers asked household respondents
for a teaspoon of salt and tested it for iodine
content using portable test kits provided by
UNICEF.
• Only 12% of children live in households
using adequately iodized salt.
Regional variations in the proportion of
children living in households with iodized salt
Nationwide 12%:
23% urban
11% rural
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75
42
46
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Iron-deficiency anemia
• Most common micronutrient deficiency in
the world.
• Prevalence is defined by low hemoglobin.
• In the CDHS, direct measurement of
hemoglobin for children 6-59 months and
women 15-49 years was done in 1 household
in 4.
• Level of hemoglobin was measured by taking
a drop of capillary blood from a person’s
fingertips or heel.
Prevalence of anemia by age
6-59 months
63%
6-9 months
85%
78%
16-23 months
55%
48-59 months
Severe
Moderate
Mild
Prevalence of anemia among women
Percent
58
Cambodia
Urban
51
59
Rural
Secondary+
50
Primary
58
No education
62
Severe
Moderate
Mild
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD)
• Vitamin A is essential for the growth and
development, sight, immune function and
reproduction.
• VAD is strongly linked to the nature of foods
available and to the feeding practices.
• In the survey, VAD was estimated by looking
at the consumption of foods rich in vitamin A
in the week before the survey and in the
consumption of vitamin A supplements.
Vitamin A intake among children
76
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Consumed foods rich in
vitamin A*
Consumed vitamin A
supplements**
*In the week preceding the survey ** In the 6 months preceding the survey
Main Findings
• 96% of children born in the last five years
have been breastfed.
• However, only 11% were breastfed in the
first hour and 24% during the first day.
• 14% of children under 4 months are
exclusively breastfed
• Half of children under age 3 were breastfed
until 24 months.
• Supplementary feeding is introduced much
too early in life.
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16% of children less than 36 months are
bottle-fed, which can be detrimental to their
health.
Almost half (45%) of children are stunted (too
short for their age) including 21% severely.
One in five women (21%) have a BMI of less
than 18.5.
Around 3 in 5 children and women are
anemic.
Consumption of iodized salt is very low.
Consumption of foods rich in vitamin-A is
76%.