Transcript Document
SEMINAR PRESENTATIONS
Cambodia DHS and Measure DHS+
Survey Objectives and Methodology
Housing and Characteristics of the Population
Fertility and its Determinants
Fertility Preferences
Family Planning
Abortion
Women’s Status
Domestic Violence
HIV/AIDS and Other STIs
Health Status and Utilization of Health Services
Infant, Child and Maternal Mortality
Maternal and Child Health
Infant Feeding & Childhood and Maternal Nutrition
Breastfeeding and Supplementation
Nutritional Status of Children
Nutritional Status of Women
Micronutrient Status
Breastfeeding and its benefits
Breastmilk contains all the nutrients that
most babies need in the first 6 months.
It is hygienic, safe and economical.
Colostrum (premilk substance containing
antibodies and white cells from the mother’s
blood) is a key supplement for the infant’s
immune system.
Colostrum is produced in the first 2 to 3
days of lactation.
What proportion of children are breastfed?
96
24
11
Ever breastfed
Within 1st hour of Within 1 day of birth
birth
57% of infants are given other liquids before breast
milk, a practice that exposes them to pathogens
and increases their risk of infection,
especially diarrheal disease.
For how long are children breastfed?
Any breastfeeding: 24 months
Exclusive breastfeeding: less than 1
month
99% of children under 6 months of age
were breastfed at least 6 times in the
24 hours before the interview
What do children less than 4 months receive?
Breastfed
and liquids
(including
other milk)
8%
Breastfed
and plain
water only
69%
Exclusively
breastfed
14%
Not
breastfed
1%
Breastfed
and
complementary foods
8%
Supplementary feeding
Whereas early supplementation feeding is not
recommended because:
It may expose children to pathogens
It decreases an infant’s intake of breast milk
And it also reduces breast milk production…
However, starting at the age of 6 months, children
should be receiving supplementary feeding since
breastmilk alone is no longer sufficient.
What do children 6 to 9 months receive?
Not
breastfed
7%
Breastfed
and
complementary foods
71%
Breastfed
and plain
water only
19%
Exclusively
breastfed
2%
Breastfed
and liquids
(including
other milk)
1%
Use of the bottle…
18
11
Less than 4 months
13
4 to 5 months
6 to 9 months
This practice puts these children at a
higher risk of illness and
malnutrition.
Breastfeeding and Supplementation
Nutritional Status of Children
Nutritional Status of Women
Micronutrient Status
Level of malnutrition
(Percent of children under age 5)
13
Weight-for-age
(Underweight)
Weight-for
height
(Wasting)
Height-for-age
(Stunting)
45
Severe
4
15
Moderate or
severe
21
45
Stunting variations by mother’s
education and by residence
Residence:
Urban
Rural
38%
46%
Education:
No education
Primary
Secondary+
51%
43%
35%
Breastfeeding and Supplementation
Nutritional Status of Children
Nutritional Status of Women
Micronutrient Status
What percentage of women are
malnourished?
21% of women have a BMI (Body Mass
Index) below 18.5; they are considered
underweight.
6% of women are shorter than 145 cm, a
sign of poor nutritional status during
childhood and adolescence.
Breastfeeding and Supplementation
Nutritional Status of Children
Nutritional Status of Women
Micronutrient Status
Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD)
• IDD is a major global nutrition concern.
• IDD can be avoided by using salt that has
been fortified with iodine.
• Interviewers asked household respondents
for a teaspoon of salt and tested it for iodine
content using portable test kits provided by
UNICEF.
• Only 12% of children live in households
using adequately iodized salt.
Regional variations in the proportion of
children living in households with iodized salt
Nationwide 12%:
23% urban
11% rural
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75
42
46
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Iron-deficiency anemia
• Most common micronutrient deficiency in
the world.
• Prevalence is defined by low hemoglobin.
• In the CDHS, direct measurement of
hemoglobin for children 6-59 months and
women 15-49 years was done in 1 household
in 4.
• Level of hemoglobin was measured by taking
a drop of capillary blood from a person’s
fingertips or heel.
Prevalence of anemia by age
6-59 months
63%
6-9 months
85%
78%
16-23 months
55%
48-59 months
Severe
Moderate
Mild
Prevalence of anemia among women
Percent
58
Cambodia
Urban
51
59
Rural
Secondary+
50
Primary
58
No education
62
Severe
Moderate
Mild
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD)
• Vitamin A is essential for the growth and
development, sight, immune function and
reproduction.
• VAD is strongly linked to the nature of foods
available and to the feeding practices.
• In the survey, VAD was estimated by looking
at the consumption of foods rich in vitamin A
in the week before the survey and in the
consumption of vitamin A supplements.
Vitamin A intake among children
76
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Consumed foods rich in
vitamin A*
Consumed vitamin A
supplements**
*In the week preceding the survey ** In the 6 months preceding the survey
Main Findings
• 96% of children born in the last five years
have been breastfed.
• However, only 11% were breastfed in the
first hour and 24% during the first day.
• 14% of children under 4 months are
exclusively breastfed
• Half of children under age 3 were breastfed
until 24 months.
• Supplementary feeding is introduced much
too early in life.
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16% of children less than 36 months are
bottle-fed, which can be detrimental to their
health.
Almost half (45%) of children are stunted (too
short for their age) including 21% severely.
One in five women (21%) have a BMI of less
than 18.5.
Around 3 in 5 children and women are
anemic.
Consumption of iodized salt is very low.
Consumption of foods rich in vitamin-A is
76%.