Transcript AutoCAD Architecture 2008: Part I: Getting Started

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Chapter 12
Inclusive Academic Instruction
Multilevel Differentiated
Instructional Activities
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Two Social Studies Classes
One for Sleeping; the Other for Learning
Garland Heights High
School
 Lecture
 Facts review sheet
 Multiple choice test
 Students playing
around and sleeping
 Special needs student
is discouraged
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
Highlander High School
 Role playing a historical
event
 Groups play a particular
group studying the
position of each
 Each student has unique
contributions to make to
the group
 A student with a
significant disability
strengthens the learning
of all as students support
him
2
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Sights to See
Multilevel Project-based Learning
Learning Landscape
www.edutopia.org/wetland-ecologytechnology-video
A Night in the Global Village: RolePlaying Life in Poverty
www.edutopia.org/night-global-village
Smart Moves
www.edutopia.org/new-physical-educationmovement-video
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
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© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Step 4. Inclusive Instructional Strategies
Introduction to Workshop Learning
 Identify the topic and learning
goals for the students
 Start with a short mini-lesson
related to needed skills
 Interaction of individual, paired,
and small group work
 Engage in study and work to
develop a product that
demonstrates learning
 Peer conferences to obtain
feedback from other students
 Publishing, sharing their work
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
4
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Workshop Learning
Different Variations
 Subject-based workshop reading, writing, math
 Inquiry and problembased learning
 Expeditionary learning
 Micro-society
 Community-based
learning
 Service learning
experiences
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
5
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Inquiry And Authoring Cycle
 Connect to life
experiences
 Develop questions and
plan approach
 Gather information
 Draft product
 Explore meaning
 Revise content
 Obtain help in editing
 Share and publish
 Build skills for inquiry
 Plan new inquiries
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
6
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Workshop Learning
3 Approaches to Learning Activities
1. Multilevel learning
activities
2. Tiered lessons
3. Individualized
differentiation and
curriculum adaptations
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
7
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Workshop Learning
Multilevel Learning Activities
Learning
activities in
which students
function
naturally at their
own level of
ability
 Skill Learning Via
Authentic, Applied
Activities
 Open-Ended Individual
Projects

Independent Inquiry and
Problem-based Learning
Learning contracts
Learning Centers
Authentic Homework



 Open-Ended Group
Projects
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
8
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Strategies for Multilevel Teaching
Cross Subject Tools
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Art to convey meaning
Inquiry projects at different levels
Partial participation in learning activities
Cooperative learning groups (students
with different abilities contribute to the
total group)
Support and scaffolding to provide
assistance for students to complete
activities they could not do alone
Pair-share information
Heterogeneous partners
Students chose own topics
Student-led portfolio conferences
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
9
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Strategies for Multilevel Teaching
Literacy

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Choice of books at different levels
Buddy reading
Read-alouds
Individual writing goals
Stick-figure drawing to write a story
line
 Individual spelling lists
 Writing poetry
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
10
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Strategies for Multilevel Teaching
Science
 Experiments with different group
roles identified
 Note-taking using graphic
organizers
 Informational reading at many
levels
 Heterogeneous work groups help
each other with assignments
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
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All Rights Reserved.
Strategies for Multilevel Teaching
Math
 Math games
 Learning groups based on student
interest and readiness
 Math projects with multiple types of
tasks and levels to choose from
 Whole class interest related
community projects
 Heterogeneous practice groups
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
12
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Strategies for Multilevel Teaching
Social Studies
 Projects that allow students
different roles
 Dramatic role play of social and
historical situations
 Write songs, poems, stories etc.
that show learning
 Involve local people with
interviews, visits, and projects
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
13
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Journey into the Classroom
Inclusive, Creative Writing in Middle School
1. Moving from poetry to
memoirs to expository text
and fiction
2. Free writing
3. Poetry - list poems, reading
aloud, craft - eg. importance of
3’s
4. Memoir deepens thinking heart and neighborhood map;
getting out of being stuck
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
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© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Workshop Learning
Teacher-designed Leveled Lessons
Learning
activities where
teachers
develop different
activities at
varied levels of
challenge
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
 Tiered
Assignments
and Products
 Curriculum
Compacting
 Tiered Games
for Practice and
Review
15
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Learning Activities and Subjects Matrix
Language
Arts
History
Play
regarding
civil rights.
X
X
Personal
reflections
X
X
Interview a
lawyer or
civil rights
X
X
Math
Art
X
leader
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
16
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Multiple Intelligences
A Tool for Inclusive Workshop-based Learning
 A way of looking at multiple types of
ways of being smart
 Build on strengths
 Focus on how students think, what they
love, what they need in learning
 Frequent mismatch between student
intelligences and school instruction
 Each person possesses all 8
intelligences
 Each is interactive with the other
 Use multiple intelligences to understand
students’ misbehavior in class
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
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All Rights Reserved.
Multiple Intelligences
Multiple Intelligence
Description
1. Linguistic:.
2. Logicalmathematical:
3. Spatial:
Think . . . Love . . .
Needs . . .
In words . . . reading, writing, telling
stories, playing word games . . .
Books, tapes, writing tools, dialogue.
By reasoning . . . experimenting,
questioning, figuring out. . . things to
explore, science materials, manipulatives.
Use storytelling to explain . . . Conduct a
debate on . . . Write a poem, legend, short
play or news article about . . .
T ranslate a . . . into a math formula.
Design & conduct an experiment.
Make up syllogisms to explain .
Chart, map, or graph . . . Create a slide
show, video, or photo album of . . . Create
art that illustrates . . .
Create movements to explain. . . Build or
construct a . . . Plan a field trip to. . .Bring
hands-on materials to demonstrate. . .
Give presentation on . . . with music.
Sing a rap or song that explains .
Make an instrument and use it to
demonstrate. . .
By talking with other people. . . leading,
Conduct a meeting to address. .
organizing, talking, mediating, partying. . Participate in a service project to
. friends, group games, social events,
Teach someone about . . .
mentors
Practice giving and receiving feedback on.
Reflecting deeply inside. . . setting goals, Describe qualities you have that will help
meditating, dreaming, being quiet. . .
you . . . Develop a plan to . . . Describe a
secret places, self-paced projects, choices. personal value about . Write a journal entry
on . . . Assess your own work in . . .
Interacting with the environment . . .
Create observation notebooks of - Describe
camping, being in the community,
changes in the local community. . . Care for
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
© 2010 Pearson
organizing the environment.
pets, wildlife, gardens,
or parksEducation,
in . . . Inc.
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4. Bodily-kinesthetic:
5. Musical:
6. Interpersonal:
7. Intra-personal:
8. Naturalist:
In images and pictures. . . designing,
drawing, visualizing, doodling . . . art,
movies, illustrated books, museums.
Through the body. . . dancing, running,
jumping, building, touching. . . role play,
drama, movement, hands-on learning.
Via rhythms and melodies . . . singing,
whistling, humming, tapping feet. . . singalong, musical instruments, music.
Teaching Menu
(a few ideas)
Linguistic
Naturalist
LogicalMathemat
ical
Intrapersonal
Interperso
nal
Spatial
Musical
BodilyKinesthetic
MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
PLANNING CIRCLE
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
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All Rights Reserved.
Multiple Intelligences Planning Matrix
LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Ling
Observe and take notes in a
location in the community
.
Present conclusions. Group or
individual.
Interview a lawyer or civil rights
leader about one of the rights.
Develop written report, video,
etc.
Conduct studyregarding rights
violations in a community– legal
costs, economics, #’s of
complaints lost andwon.
Write a short story, play, or poem
regarding reflections on the
importance of one of the rights.
x
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
LogMth
Spat
BodK
Mus
x
Inter
Intra
Nat
x
x
X
x
x
X
x
X
x
x
x
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X
X
x
X
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Scaffolding Learning to
Strengthen Understanding

Support for zone of proximal
development – next level of
learning

Effective scaffolds are:
 Multilevel
 Inclusive
 Promote higher order
thinking
 Dynamic and evolving
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
21
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Scaffolding Learning to
Strengthen Understanding

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Some Examples
Teacher or student reads a book of interest
to a student that is too hard for him
A reading buddy helps a student with words
she does not know
One student writes for another student who
finds it difficult to write
A teacher provides a pictorial guide for a
student in assignments
New vocabulary is pre-taught
Students act out a scene in a novel
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
22
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Scaffolding Learning to
Strengthen Understanding
Tools

Copy search

Highlighting

Summarizing key points

Develop study guides for
lessons

Journaling
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
23
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Types of Journaling
Freewriting
K-W-L
Dialogue
journals
Learning logs
Book journal
Double
entries
Writer’s
Notebook
Students write as much sathey can in a given time span on a given
topic.
In three columns students w
rite what they know, what they want to
know, and later what they learned.
Written conversation about a topic goes bac
k and forth between
teacher and student o
r between student and student.
Continuous writing about what was learned that day, in an academic
subject or agiven topic. A student’slearning log is a place to hold
sketches, K-W-Ls, etc.
Thoughts, predictions, likes/dislikes, or feelings about a story read.
Journal pages divided into columns, where on one side problems can
be worked out and on the other side the rationale is explained.
Journal where ideas fora writing, snippets of thoughts, great
descriptions ofa single item or event, or lists ofideas are created for
later usein the writing process.
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
24
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Step 5. Individualized Differentiation of
Learning Activities
Strategies

No Differentiation

Adapted teaching strategies

Adaptations of various parts of
the lesson - learning goals,
materials, teaching strategies, and
activities

Parallel activities
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
25
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Tools and Strategies for Inclusive
Workshop Learning
 Whole Class Mini-lessons and
Discussions
 Student Collaboration and Peer
Support

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Flexible Grouping
Class-wide Peer Tutoring
Partner Reading
Work Groups
“Jigsaw”
Partner Clocks
Students as Experts
Experiments
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
26
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Tools and Strategies for Inclusive
Workshop Learning
 Small Group Mini-lessons



Strategy Lessons
Group Reflections and
Dialogue
Learning Logs
 Student Conferences
 Peer Conferences and
Testing
 Publishing
 Sharing and Celebrations
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
27
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
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© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Multilevel Learning Materials
 Written materials at many
levels of ability
 Use of graphics to enhance
information
 Tools by which written
materials are read aloud
 Quality internet sites
 Picture booklets showing
step by step directions
 Powerpoint presentations of
key information
 Thinking worksheets
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
29
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Including Students in
Lecture-Worksheet-Test Instruction
 Lecture and group
discussion
 Think-pair-share
 Powerpoint
 Supports for note-taking
 Alternatives to lecture
 Tests at differing ability
levels
 Reduce number of items
 Review sheets
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
30
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Bumps in the Road
Dealing with a Required Prescriptive Curriculum
 The search for ‘teacher proof’ curriculum
and instruction - many school districts are
using, particularly in schools that serve many
children of color
 What to do?




Be clear about your beliefs
If the curriculum has elements of workshop
learning emphasize these
Connect student workshop learning
experiences with categories of the
prescribed curriculum
Publicly show student work and label it with
required elements of the prescribed
curriculum
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
31
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Back Pack
Universal Design for Learning
& Project-based Learning
Access Center
www.k8accesscenter.org/index.php
Edutopia
www.edutopia.org
Project-based Learning Online
www.bie.org/index.php/site/PBL/pbl_online/
Inclusive Teaching: The Journey Towards Effective
Schools for All Learners, 2e
Peterson / Hittie
32
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.