Transcript Unix System Admin

Network Installation
• Objectives
– Manage linux installation from network install server
• Contents
–
–
–
–
–
–
Preparing for a network installation
Setting up the install server for http, nfs, ftp
Copy files, what is needed
Service Location Protocol
Configuring your DHCP server
Creating boot diskettes
• Practical
– Install one linux from network
• Summary
Prepairing network installation
• Your network server need one or more of the following
–
–
–
–
–
–
NFSD
HTTPD
VSFTPD
DHCPD
NAMED
SLP
• You will need to setup each server after your need
–
–
–
–
Full flexibility you can mix netowk installation modes on same server
Local machine Policy must allow you to setup, usally only root can do.
Named and DHCPD can run on any machine in network
SLP can be very dangerous and expose servers weakness
Setting up the install server
• Installation server
–
–
–
–
Types which can be used: NFS HTTP FTP (SFTP)
You can support all at same time if you like or any combination
You must configure and start your selected servers
It will eat up about 3.4Gigabyte for each distribution of SuSE
• Create installation root tree
# mkdir -p /export/network-install/SuSE/9.3
# mkdir -p /export/network-install/SuSE/ISO
• HTTP, FTP and NFS preparation
– Copy all contents of each 5 SuSE cdrom’s to server SuSE/9.3 –catalog.
– Just insert first CD and do the copy, remove it and insert the next one.
# cp –var /media/SUSE930_F01 /export/network-install/SuSE/9.3
# cp -var /media/SUSE930_002 /export/network-install/SuSE/9.3
# cp -var /media/SUSE930_003 /export/network-install/SuSE/9.3
# cp -var /media/SUSE930_004 /export/network-install/SuSE/9.3
# cp -var /media/SUSE930_005 /export/network-install/SuSE/9.3
– Watch out for any I/O read errors while copy!
Setting up the install server continued
• Install tree preparation
– Rename all CD’s directories to CD1, CD2 and so on
#
#
#
#
#
#
cd
mv
mv
mv
mv
mv
/export/network-install/SuSE/9.3
SUSE930_F01 CD1
SUSE930_002 CD2
SUSE930_003 CD3
SUSE930_004 CD4
SUSE930_005 CD5
– If your were using Yast preparing your install server, all files will reside
in one common directory
– Now we are ready to setup the ”sharepoint” with nfs, http, ftp or smb.
Setting up your kernelNFS server
• NFS is dependent on forward and revers name-lookup (DNS)
– The client to be installed must resolve in both forward and reverse
Server: /etc/hosts
=
Client:
/etc/hosts
Example)
192.168.1.1 server.net05.se
192.168.1.101 client.net05.se
• NFS make use of portmap
Check if portmap & nfs is running
# /etc/init.d/portmap status
# /etc/init.d/nfsserver status
Activate NFS and portmap at boot
# insserv /etc/init.d/nfsserver
# insserv /etc/init.d/portmap
• NFS configuration
Add to /etc/exports, use <tab> not <space>
/exports/network-install/SuSE/9.3/
Activate your ”export”
*(ro,root_squash,sync)
# exportfs -vra
Test to mount your NFS share
# mount –t nfs localhost:/exports/network-install/SuSE/9.3 /mnt/a
Setting up SLP for kernelNFS server
• SLP Registry file /etc/slp.reg.d/install.suse.nfs.reg
– SLP need to know what resource to annonce
# Register the NFS Installation Server
service:install.suse:nfs://$HOSTNAME/exports/network-install/SuSE/9.3/CD1,en,65535
description=NFS Installation Source for SuSE9.3
• Service & Description
– Name of resource registry file: install.suse
– Service and directory to mount: nfs://$HOSTNAME/exports/SuSE/9.3/CD1
– Description seen in resource browsers: NFS Installation Source for SuSE9.3
• Activate the SLP resource annonce
• Check that SLP reporst install.suse
# rcslpd start
# slptool findsrvs service:install.suse:nfs
service:install.suse:nfs://server.net05.se/exports/network-install/SuSE/9.3/CD1,65535
• Activate slp at boot
# insserv /etc/init.d/slpd
Setting up your vsFTPd server
• Configure VSFTPd anonymous installations
Add to /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# Anonymous FTP Root Directory
#
anon_root=/exports/network-install/SuSE
#
• Standard anonymous ftp root is /srv/ftp
– We changed this with the anon_root above
• If you need non anonymous installations
Add to /etc/vsftpd.conf uncomment
local_enable=YES
chroot_local_user=YES
Add special ftp install users with homedir inside install dir
# useradd -g users ftpinstall
# passwd ftpinstall
# usermod -d /exports/secret-install ftpinstall
Setting up SLP for vsFTPd server
• SLP Registry file /etc/slp.reg.d/install.suse.ftp.reg
– SLP need to know what resource to annonce
# Register the FTP Installation Server
service:install.suse:ftp://$HOSTNAME/9.3/CD1,en,65535
description=FTP Installation Source for SuSE9.3
• Service & Description
– Name of resource registry file: install.suse
– Service and directory to open: ftp://$HOSTNAME/9.3/CD1,en,65535
– Description seen in resource
browsers: ftp Installation Source for SuSE9.3
• Activate the SLP resource annonce
• Check that SLP reporst install.suse
# rcslpd start
# slptool findsrvs service:install.suse:ftp
service:install.suse:ftp://server.net05.se/9.3/CD1,en,65535
• Activate slp at boot
# insserv /etc/init.d/slpd
Setup your Apache2 Webserver
• Apache2 need to be installed
– In this case it is no use to install from anything else than YAST
– Later we will do a more into the deepth installation of Apache2
1) Start yast and install only package apache2
2) Select apache2 and solve all dependencies that might appair. (in my case 3)
• Apache DocumentRoot lives in /srv/www/htdocs
– We will use a subdirectory in that path, more exactly alias to our installation root
tree
• Install source in our case will be apache alias directory
– Add after Alias /icons/ … </Directory>
# Network Install Server
Alias /SuSE/ "/exports/network-install/SuSE/"
<Directory "/exports/network-install/SuSE">
Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymlinks
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
• Restart apache # rcapache2 restart
• Test that you can see your sources http://<inst-server-ip>/SuSE/
Setting up SLP for Apache2
• SLP Registry file /etc/slp.reg.d/install.suse.http.reg
– SLP need to know what resource to annonce
# Register the HTTP Installation Server
service:install.suse:http://$HOSTNAME/SuSE/9.3/CD1,en,65535
description=HTTP Installation Source for SuSE9.3
• Service & Description
– Name of resource registry file: install.suse
– Service and directory to browse: http://$HOSTNAME/SuSE/9.3/CD1
– Description seen in resource browsers: HTTP Installation Source
• Activate the SLP resource annonce
• Check that SLP reporst install.suse
for SuSE9.3
# rcslpd start
# slptool findsrvs service:install.suse:http
service:install.suse:http://server.net05.se/SuSE/9.3/CD1,65535
• Activate slp at boot
# insserv /etc/init.d/slpd
Configuring your DHCP server
• For most comfort in network installation use a DHCP server!
– It can be any DHCP server, but in our case we uses the install server
– It delivers IP parameters to clients using dhcpcd, from e definded scope
– It can also deliver deligated IP addresses based on client MAC
• Install your DHCP server
– First check if you have it
# rpm -qa | grep dhcp
dhcpcd-1.3.22pl4-202.2
yast2-dhcp-server-2.11.6-3
– We had only the client and yast shell for the server
– Install the dhcp libs and dhcpd-server
# yast dhcp-server
– I do it all at once this time, yes by YAST!
• Do not start your DHCP server yet
– The dhcp server can by mistake deliver IP parameters to someone else
– We will need to deliver IP parameters based on client MAC if using PXE
boot.
– Isolate your server and client from the rest of the network or release
client IP address from server and wait……
Configuring your DHCP server
• Configure the dhcpd-server with yast the first time
– It is a mess to do anything else, SuSE has clobbed the DHCPD server to much
– SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server is more designed to work with dhcpd servers
– Basic DHCP Setup will need:
domain-name
net05.se
//Choose your domain name.
primary-name-server
192.168.1.1 //Choose your 1:st DNS
(secondary-name-server 80.84.37.3
//Choose your 2:ond DNS)
default-gateway
192.168.1.1 //Choose your gateway
ip-address-range
192.168.1.100 - 192.168.1.100 //Choose your range
Check start dhcp server manually
– Yast will prepare /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd and /etc/dhcpd.conf for you.
• After installation and yast
session you will have
a sample /etc/dhcpd.conf!
• You will need to add
client MAC to this!
option domain-name ”net05.se";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1, 80.84.37.3;
option routers 192.168.1.1;
option ntp-servers 192.168.1.2;
default-lease-time 14400;
ddns-update-style none;
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.250;
default-lease-time 14400;
max-lease-time 172800;
}
Configuring your DHCP server
• Adding client MAC to /etc/dhcpd.conf
– Will allow client to recieve same IP address at all time
– Nessesary for PXE boot host client {
hardware ethernet 00:A0:C5:B7:56:BD;
fixed-address 192.168.1.101;
option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;
}
• If we like we can now remove the IP range.
– Doing so will stop DHCP
server to deliver IP
addresses to any
other host exept
the one with correct
MAC
option domain-name ”net05.se";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1, 80.84.37.3;
option routers 192.168.1.1;
option ntp-servers 192.168.1.2;
default-lease-time 14400;
ddns-update-style none;
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
# range 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.250;
default-lease-time 14400;
max-lease-time 172800;
}
• Its now time to start your DHCP server
– Dont do this if you do not know what
you are doing.
# rcdhcpd start
Creating boot diskettes in SuSE
• To boot the client you need floppies or CD (CD1)
• Creating bootfloppies
– Insert CD1 and
# cd
# /media/SU930_F01/boot/mkbootdisk /media/SU930_F01
– Will create bootfloppies images in /root
# ls boot?
bootdisk1 bootdisk2 bootdisk3 bootdisk4 bootdisk5
bootdisk6 bootdisk7
– bootdisk1 contain msdos filesystem and syslinux bootloader
– syslinux can be modified after booting needs
• Creating floppies is easely done with dd
– For each image make one floppy
# dd if=bootdisk1 of=/dev/fd0
2880+0 records in
2880+0 records out
Creating boot diskettes in Windows
• To boot the client you need the bootdisk images
– They can be found on internet if you do not keep them
• Using Windows rawwritewin
Creating boot diskettes in Linux
• It is basically the same procedure as in Windows
– Create bootdisk
– Create network drivers disk
• These are the steps
– Mount first cdrom and insert a floppy
# mount /mnt/cdrom
# dd if=/mnt/cdrom/images/bootdisk.img of=/dev/fd0
2880+0 records in
2880+0 records out
– Remove first floppy and inser a new blank floppy
# mount /mnt/cdrom
# dd if=/mnt/cdrom/images/drvnet.img of=/dev/fd0
2880+0 records in
2880+0 records out
# eject cdrom
Manual Network installation with SLP
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Boot on CD1 or boot floppies
Move to INSTALL Press F3 and select SLP
Hit Enter, a list should appair with possible install servers
Choose one install server (FTP, HTTP or NFS)
Hit Enter again, observe how syslinux try to get up the network and start loading.
After a while, the standard installation will start.
System analyzis is performed, after that CD1 content is fetched from the install
server
After CD1 is installed, system will reboot, remove CD1
Installation will now continue with CD2 to CD5 if needed.
You will be asked for root password
Client network interfaces is analyzed
Allow VNC if question comes
Make the internet connection checkout if you need internet
On-line update can take as long time as whole installation up to now.
Add one local user NO AUTOLOGIN!
SuSE Splash text arrives, just accept and continue
Devices are now configured
System will continue loading to runlevel 5 or runlevel 3 depending on your
selections in step7-9 and you try to login as root
Manual Network installation no SLP
1.
2.
3.
Boot on CD1 or boot floppies
Move to INSTALL Press F3 and select (FTP, HTTP or NFS)
Depending on your choise you will now be asked
Use DHCP addresses
Not using any proxy
Install server IP address or name + path to install sources
Username + Password (if using ftp)
FTP PATH is in our case /9.3/CD1
HTTP PATH is in our case /SuSE/9.3/CD1
NFS PATH is in our case /exports/network-install/suse/9.3/CD1
4.
5.
6.
Hit Enter after you choises, observe how syslinux try to get up the
network and start loading.
After a while, the standard installation will start.
Rest of installation will be standard, jump to 7 on previous page.