Transcript Latinos in the Southwest Chapters 10-18

Latinos in the Southwest
Chapters 10-18
David Hinds
Vocabulary
• Creoles- a social class made up of locally born
people of pure or mostly Spanish ancestry.
• Viceroy- a royal official who runs a country, colony,
or province (or state) in the name of and as
representative of the Monarch.
• Adelantado-a military title held by some Spanish
conquistadores of the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries.
• Cabildo- a former Spanish, colonial administrative
council that governed a municipality.
• Intendente- refers to the holder of a public
administrative office.
Vocabulary (cont.)
• Ethnocentric- The tendency to believe that one's
ethnic or cultural group is centrally important, and
that all other groups are measured in relation to
one's own.
• Annexation- The formal act of acquiring something
(especially territory) by conquest or occupation.
• Empresario- A person who, in the early years of the
settlement of Texas, had been granted the right to
settle on Mexican land in exchange for recruiting and
taking responsibility for new settlers.
• Tejano- A term used to identify a Texan of Mexican
and/or Latin-American descent.
• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo- is the peace treatythat
ended the Mexican-American War
Vocabulary (cont.)
• Union Army- the land force that fought for the Union
during the American Civil War.
• Confederate Army- the Army of the Confederate
States of America during its brief existence between
its establishment in February 1861 and its
dissolution.
• Hispanic- Spanish American: an American whose
first language is Spanish
• Admiral- the supreme commander of a fleet; ranks
above a vice admiral and below a fleet admiral
• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo- the Treaty that ended
the Mexican-American War.
Important People
• Miguel Hidalgo- a Mexican priest and a
leader of the Mexican War of
Independence.
• Vicente Guerrero- one of the leading
revolutionary generals of the Mexican
War of Independence, who fought
against Spain for independence in the
early 19th century, and served briefly
as President of Mexico.
Important People (cont.)
• Antonio López de Santa Anna- A
Mexican political leader, general, and
president who greatly influenced early
Mexican and Spanish politics and
government.
• James K. Polk- 11th President of the
United States, and added 1.5 million
square miles of territory to the United
States.
Important People (cont.)
• Colonel Miguel E. Pino - Commanded the 2nd
Regiment of New Mexico Volunteers, and
helped defeat the attempted invasion of New
Mexico by the Confederate Army.
• Colonel Santos Benavides - Commanded his
own regiment, the "Benavides Regiment." He
was the highest ranking Mexican-American
in the Confederate Army.
Chapters 10-12
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
New Spain
Spanish Florida was acquired by the United States in 1819 under the Adams-Onís Treaty.
After priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla's 1810 call for independence, the insurgent army
began an eleven-year war.
With the approval of the Spanish Constitution, which took privileges away from the
Creoles, they switched sides
Central America became part of the Mexican Empire, but seceded peacefully in 1823
The Viceroyalty of New Spain united many regions of the Spanish Empire throughout the
world.
These included on the North American mainland
In the Caribbean it included Cuba, Santo Domingo, most of the Venezuelan mainland and
the other islands in the Caribbean controlled by the Spanish
In Asia, they ruled the Philippines, which covered all of the Spanish territories in the AsiaPacific region
The Viceroyalty's former territories included what are now the present day countries of
Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Belize, and Costa Rica
United States regions of California, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Puerto Rico, Guam,
Mariana Islands, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, Florida
Chapters 10-12 (cont.)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Spanish monarch had administrative oversight of all of these
regions
The audiencias were primarily superior tribunals, but which also had
administrative and legislative functions.
Each of these was responsible to the Viceroy of New Spain in
administrative matters
They answered directly to the Council of the Indies.
Audiencia districts further incorporated the older, smaller divisions
known as governorates
Provinces were grouped into captaincies general
At the local level there were over two hundred districts
In the late 18th century the Bourbon dynasty began phasing out the
Corregidor’s and introduced intendants
These intendancies had such an impact in the formation of regional
identity that they became the basis for the nations of Central America
and the first Mexican states after independence.
Chapters 10-12 (cont.)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mexican War of Independence
The movement was led by Mexican-born Spaniards, Mestizos and Amerindians who sought
independence from Spain.
It started as a peasants' rebellion against their colonial masters, but ended as an alliance
between Mexican ex-royalists and Mexican guerrilla insurgents.
The struggle for Mexican independence dates back to the decades after the Spanish
conquest of the Aztec Empire
Miguel Hidalgo y CosCostillas a Mexican priest and member of a group of educated
Creoles in Querétaro who met in tertulias and in 1810 decided that a revolt against the
colonial government was needed because of what happened in the Peninsular War.
He encouraged his parishioners to illegally grow vines and olives.
Hidalgo originally supported naming Allende head of the revolutionary military
The two men quickly became rivals.
Hidalgo seized control of the militia.
On September 16th 1810 he declared independence from the Spanish crown, and war
against the government in what was known as the Grito de Dolores.
The army decided to strike for independence and marched to Guanajuato
On October 30, Miguel Hidalgo's army fought the Spanish at the Battle of Monte de Las
Cruces
Miguel Hidalgo's army achieved victory.
From 1815 to 1821, most of the fighting was done by isolated guerrilla bands.
Chapters 13-15
The Mexican revolution
•
The movement was led by Mexican-born Spaniards, Mestizos and Amerindians who sought
independence from Spain.
•
It started as a peasants' rebellion against their colonial masters, but ended as an alliance
between Mexican ex-royalists and Mexican guerrilla insurgents.
•
The struggle for Mexican independence dates back to the decades after the Spanish
conquest of the Aztec Empire
•
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla,was a Mexican priest and member of a group of educated Criollos
in Querétaro who met in tertulias and in 1810 decided that a revolt against the colonial
government was needed because of what happened in the Peninsular War.
•
he encouraged his parishioners to illegally grow vines and olives.
•
Hidalgo originally supported naming Allende head of the revolutionary military
•
the two men quickly became rivals.
•
Hidalgo seized control of the militia.
•
On September 16th 1810 he declared independence from the Spanish crown, and war
against the government in what was known as the Grito de Dolores.
•
The army decided to strike for independence and marched to Guanajuato
•
On October 30, Miguel Hidalgo's army fought the Spanish at the Battle of Monte de las
Cruces
•
Miguel Hidalgo's army achieved victory.
•
From 1815 to 1821, most of the fighting was done by isolated guerrilla bands.
Chapters 13-15 (cont.)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Mexican-American War
From 1846 to 1848 in the after the 1845 U.S. annexation of Texas.
American forces invaded and conquered New Mexico, California, and parts of
northern Mexico.
Another American army captured Mexico City, forcing Mexico to agree to the
sale of its northern territories to the U.S.
Territorial expansion of the United States to the Pacific coast was the goal of
President James K. Polk.
The war was very controversial in the U.S.
The Whig Party strongly opposed the war with Mexico.
We bought California and New Mexico for $15 million.
The U.S. forgave debt owed by the Mexican government.
Mexico accepted the Rio Grande as its national border, and the loss of Texas.
Despite objections from the Whigs and abolitionists, the war united the U.S. in
a common cause and was fought almost entirely by volunteers.
Mexican–American War veterans suffered from the debilitating diseases
contracted during the war.
Chapters 16-18
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
David Glasgow Farragut
Was a flag officer of the United States Navy during the American Civil
War.
He was the first rear admiral, vice admiral, and admiral in the United
States Navy.
He was against secession even though he lived in Virginia
Before the war started he moved to New York
He was put on the retirement board first
His foster brother offered him a special assignment to attack new
Orleans
Some doubted his loyalty because he was a southern man
He succeeded at taking New Orleans and it turned out to be very
important to the war
he didn’t follow directions very well because at the siege of port
Hudson, the plan was for him to pass by the fort and shoot upon it
with the ground forces on the land but he decides to attack a day early
than planned and takes heavy damage.
Chapters 16-18 (cont.)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Loretta Janeta Velazquez
She was born in Cuba
She dressed as a man in the confederate Army
She enlisted in the Confederate Army in 1861, without her soldier-husband's knowledge
She fought at Bull Run, Ball's Bluff and Fort Donelson, but her gender was discovered
while in New Orleans and she was discharged
She reenlisted and fought at Shiloh, until unmasked once more
She then became a spy, working in both male and female guises
Her husband died during the war and she remarried three more times; being widowed in
every time
She acquired two uniforms, adopted the name Harry T. Buford and moved to Arkansas
Lieutenant Augusto Rodríguez
Was a Puerto Rican who served as an officer in the Union Army
Rodríguez served in the defenses of Washington, D.C.
He also was in the Battles of Fredericksburg and Wyse Fork.
The Battle of Fredericksburg which was fought against General Robert E. Lee's
Confederate Army of Northern Virginia from December 12–15
The battle resulted in a disastrous defeat for General Burnside and the Union Army
It was cancelled due to heavy rain
Quiz 10-12
1. What year did USA get Florida?
A. 1819
B. 1776
C. 1865
2. Creoles are...
A. a social class made up of locally born people of pure or mostly Spanish ancestry.
B. a Spanish breed of cattle
C. Spanish holiday tradition
3. What year did the Texas Revolution start?
A. 1835
B. 1839
C. 1825
4. What year did the Mexican–American War start?
A. 1846
B. 1790
C. 1832
5. Who won the Mexican American War?
A. USA
B. Mexico
C. Spain
Quiz 10-12 (cont.)
6. Mexico saw Texas as an independent country. True or False?
A. True
B. False
7. The French invaded Mexico during the Pastry War in what year?
A. 1838
B. 1828
C. 1818
8. What happened in Mexico on September 15, 1821?
A. Mexican declaration of independence
B. Spain invades
C. Gold is found
9. How many provinces did Mexico originally have?
A. 24
B. 50
C. 13
10. What was Mexico's first motto?
A. Religión, Independencia, Unión.
B. Live free, or die
C. viva revolution!
Quiz 13-15
1. What year did the Mexican-American War end?
A. 1848
B. 1870
C. 1832
2. In 1845 when Texas was annexed to the U.S. was it a slave state?
A. Yes
B. No
C. It wasn’t annexed in 1845
3. When did the battle of the Alamo take place?
A. 1825
B. 1899
C. 1836
4. What percent of the forty-niners where Hispanic?
A. 25%
B. 42%
C. 13%
5. How much land did Polk purchase for America?
A. 1.5 million sq miles
B. 150,000 acres
C. Alaska
Quiz 13-15 (cont.)
6. During the years 1840-1860 which had the highest emigration?
A. California
B. Oregon
C. Utah
7. Who won the Mexican American War?
A. USA
B. Mexico
C. Spain
8. How many provinces did Mexico originally have?
A. 24
B. 50
C. 13
9. What was Mexico's first motto?
A. Religión, Independencia, Unión.
B. Live free, or die
C. viva revolution
10. Gold was found in California in what year?
A. 1849
B. 1749
C. 1832
Quiz 16-18
1. Who was the First full Admiral of the USA?
A. George Washington
B. Robert E. Lee
C. David Glasgow Farragut
2. How many Hispanics fought in the Civil War?
A. 3,500
B. 2,500
C. 1,000
3. Did the Union or the Confederacy have more Hispanic soldiers?
A. The Union
B. The Confederacy
C. Both had the same amount
4. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo did what?
A. Gave Hispanic Americans the right to vote
B. ended the Mexican American war
C. Freed all the Spanish slaves
5. Who was Loretta Velázquez?
A. A Cuban woman who wore Confederate uniforms and served as a Confederate officer and spy during the war
B. the head of the nurses
C. Abe Lincoln secret child he had with his Spanish mistress
6. Who was the highest ranking Hispanic in the confederate Army?
A. Santos Benavides
B. Adolfo Fernández Cavada
C. Federico Fernandez Cavada