Transcript Slide 1
Wind Energy
By ALTEM POWER LIMITED
Defining Wind Power
•
Wind power
is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy, such as electricity, using wind turbines • Wind energy systems convert the kinetic energy to more useful forms of power • Wind energy continues to be the fastest growing
Renewable Energy Source
• Five nations – Germany, USA, Denmark, Spain and India – account for 80% of the world’s installed wind energy capacity
Why Renewable ?
• Global climate change threatens our economy, national security and the physical landscape itself, denying the urgency of global warming. That is why we cannot abandon the
Kyoto Protocol
, which calls for industrialized nations to take the lead in reducing greenhouse gas emissions •
Carbon credits
are a key component of national and international attempts to mitigate the growth in concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs). One Carbon Credit is equal to one ton of Carbon. Carbon trading is an application of an emissions trading approach • The objective of the
Kyoto
climate change conference was to establish a legally binding international agreement, whereby all the participating nations commit themselves to tackling the issue of global warming and greenhouse gas emissions. The target agreed upon was an average reduction of 5.2% from 1990 levels by the year 2012.
Kyoto Agreement Global Status
Countries Signed & ratified Countries Signed & not yet ratified Countries , not yet decided Countries , no intention of signing
Types of Renewable Resources
5 6 7 8 3 4 1 2 Wind Power Wave Power Tidal Power Solar energy Hydroelectricity Geothermal Biomass Biofuel
Comparison
•
Fossil Fuel
Have to be procured & made usable through laborious & environmentally damaging process • Limited in reserves, expected to be exhausted in coming 60 years • Transportation required, for further processing exposing environment to danger • Has Geo-Political implications resulting in over-reliance on our energy security •
Wind Energy
Usable as it exists • Inexhaustible • Use where it is available • Reduces our dependency on our natural security
Why Wind Energy ?
• • • • • • • • • • • Most viable & largest renewable energy resource Plentiful power source Widely distributed & clean Can get started with as small as 100-200 W Produces no green house gas emissions Low gestation period No raw materials & fuels required No pollution No hassles of disposal of waste Quick returns Good alternative for conventional power plants
Wind Power In India
• The development of wind power in India began in the 1990s, and has significantly increased in the last few years. • As of 2010 the installed capacity of wind power in India was over 12000 MW • Wind power accounts for almost 8% of India's total installed power capacity.
India Wind Power Density Map
State Wise Wind Power Potential In India
State Andhra Pradesh Gujarat Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Others Rajasthan Tamil Nadu West Bengal Total (All India) Gross potential (MW) 8275 9675 6620 875 5500 3650 1700 5400 3050 450 45195 Technical potential (MW) 1750 1780 1120 605 825 3020 680 895 1750 450 12875 Installed capacity (MW) 136 1864 1473 28 229 2078 3 1088 4907 1 11807
Wind Power Potential In India
• India ranks 4 th in wind installation in the world • Is at par with World in terms of manufacturing facilities & technologies • Public sectors coming forward for investment • Wind power potential in the country is 45000MW • Ministry of new & Renewable Energy targets the 11 th plan at 25000MW • Plan Objective is to attract new & large independent power producers to wind sector.
State Level Incentives
• • • • • • • Wheeling charge of mere 2 per cent • • Uniform T&D loss of 5 per cent Buy-back tariff of Rs 3.50 per unit with 15 paisa escalation for 13 years Third party sale and self-use allowed For evacuation arrangement (laying down high tension cables, feeder, sub station, etc),50 per cent money given as subsidy through green fund and rest 50 per cent as interest-free loan No electricity duty levied for first 5 years from the date of commissioning of the projects for captive consumption Construction of approach roads to be fully funded through green fund Diversion of forest land for wind Few states giving sales tax incentive- Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra
Central Level Incentives
• 80 per cent accelerated depreciation on wind farm equipment/devices • 20% additional depreciation under new plant and machinery • 10 years tax holiday for wind farms • Custom duty exemption (Notification No. 21/2002-custom dated 01-03-2002) • Excise duty exemption (Notification No. 6/2002 Central Excise and amendments Thereof) • Under RGGVY scheme 90% subsidy in case of rural electrification through renewable energy.
Rural Electrification through Renewable Energy.
Types of Wind Turbine
Today's wind turbines are much more lightweight than the turbines used on windmills of old. The wind turbine is usually standard in design, consisting of two or more rotor blades. The energy output of a wind turbine is determined largely by the length of the blades, which installers and engineers call "sweep.“ Majorly , there are three types: • • • Large or medium/ small wind turbines Down or Up wind turbines Horizontal or vertical access wind turbines
Introduction to
ALTEM POWER LIMITED
Manufacturing Wind Turbines
OBJECTIVE
TO DEVELOP BEST TECHNOLOGICAL WIND MILL AT COMPETITIVE PRICE
VISION
A DIVERSE, THRIVING & SUSTAINABLE NATURAL WORLD
MISSION
TO BE A MAJOR FORCE IN CONSERVING ECO-DIVERSITY WORLD-WIDE
Group Introduction
• ALTEM formed because of the group’s focus on Renewable Energy • Part of the group known in Indian Power Engineering Sector with interest in renewable energy, power distribution & management equipment • The Group is a known name in power sector equipments • Well equipped with modern infrastructure & well qualified technicians
Introduction to ALTEM POWER
• In collaboration with a major European company for manufacturing of wind turbine generators • Research driven to provide good quality ,reliable , durable & cost effective products • Core focus on customer service • Office connectivity for real time data and faster services
ALTEM Product Range
1 2 3 4
5KW Wind Turbine 10 KW Wind Turbine 15 KW Wind Turbine 25 KW Wind Turbine 50 KW Wind Turbine
5
Technical Parameters ( technical parameters may change due to continuous R&D)
Rated Power (KW) Rated Wind speed (m/sec) Number of Blades Rotor dia (Met) Swept area (Sq met) Blade material Blade weight (approx) (KGs) Type of Generator Transmission 9 / 10 11 3 7.5
38 Epoxy / Glass Fiber 40 Permanent Magnet Drive direct 15 11 3 9.5
64 Epoxy / Glass Fiber 60 Permanent Magnet Direct drive 25 11 2/3 12 108 Epoxy/Glass Fiber 100 Permanent Magnet Direct drive 50 11 3 18 216 Epoxy / Glass Fiber 122 Permanent Magnet Geared / Direct drive Fixed / Tilting Tower Fixed pitch Fixed / Tilting Tower Fixed pitch Fixed / Tilting Tower Fixed pitch Fixed Fixed pitch Tower Type of Hub Rotor speed at rated wind speed (rpm) Cut-in wind speed (m/sec) Cut-off wind speed (m/sec) Control system Approx Nacelle weight (KGs) Annual Energy output KWH (@ 6m/s) 150 2.5
25 PLC based 700 30,660 100 2.5
25 PLC based 1000 45,990 108 3 25 PLC based 1400 76,880 70 3 25 PLC based 2000 1,54,424
Factors for setting up a Turbine
• Ideal site requirements: Wind Speed – An annual mean wind speed of 4m/s or greater Proximity to neighbors - More than 50 mt – 100 mt from the nearest neighbor property. This in effect eliminates many urban environment Location - Good clear run of open ground without trees or building to the south west, maximizing wind speed & minimizing turbulence.
Wind Turbine Towers as per site conditions
• • • • •
Small turbine towers -
The case of small wind systems (more than a 1KW) is less simple, with several types of towers and different heights and configurations: guyed towers and non-guyed towers, cylindrical/pipe and lattice configurations, etc.
Their installation should be done a) far enough of obstructions, and on the top or on windy hill sides: see Wind Turbines Location; the tower for maintenance and stabilization b) with enough room to raise and lower
Guyed small cylindrical Towers -
Many small wind turbines use narrow pole towers (pipe, tubing) supported by guy wires. It’s a cheap solution, though with some disadvantages: they aren't easy climbable (for inspections or repairs) and require more land than self-supporting towers, due to the guy wires.
Non-guyed cylindrical towers -
Non-guyed tilt-up/cylindrical towers use pipe or tubing and a self-supporting design. They do not use guy wires and have a small footprint. These towers can include climbing pegs but are a relatively expensive type of tower.
Lattice configuration -
Lattice towers use welded steel profiles and are a cheap and tested solution. Most lattice towers aren’t guyed, but there are also guyed configurations: three legged lattice structures suspended on all three sides by guy wires. They are usually climbable.
Typical Block Diagram
CHAPTER-IX PERSPECTIVE PLAN 2022 9.1 PERSPECTIVE PLAN FOR GRID-INTERACTIVE RENEWABLE POWER
9.1.1 In the installed renewable power capacity of 8088 MW as on 31.03.2006, which is around 6.47% of the total installed capacity of 1,25,000 MW, the resource-wise contribution is 5310 MW / 4.25% wind power, 1826 MW/1.46% small hydro power and 950MW/ 0.76% bio power. Renewable power capacity is likely to touch 10,000 MW by the end of the 10th plan. 9.1.2 The aim for the 11th Plan, as stated, is a capacity addition of 15,000 MW from renewables (14,000 MW grid-interactive and 1000 MW DPRS. By the end of the 11th Plan, renewable power capacity could be 25,000 MW in a total capacity of 2,00,000 MW accounting for 12.5 per cent and contributing around 5 per cent to the electricity mix.
9.1.3 A capacity addition of around 30,000MW is envisaged for the 12 th and 13 th Plans. Renewable power capacity by the end of the 13th plan period is likely to reach 54,000 MW, comprising 40,000 MW wind power, 6,500 MW small hydro power and 7,500 MW bio-power, which would correspond to a share of 5% in the then electricity-mix.
9.1.4 The perspective plan for grid-interactive renewable power is summarized in Table 9.1.
Table 9.1: Perspective plan for grid-interactive renewable power for 2022, i.e. end of 13th Plan period:
(capacity in MW)
Resource
Wind power Small hydro power Bio power
Up to 9 th Plan
1667 1438 368
10th Plan
5333 522 669
11th Plan
10500 1400 2100
12th and 13th Plans
22500 3140 4363
Total
40000 6500 7500 Solar Power 2 1 3
Total 3475 6525 14000 30003 54003
Obstacles Involved
• Wind speed at the ground is near zero, and increases with height. • A 15m –18m tower will produce between 15%-25% more energy than a 12m tower • Buildings, trees and other obstacles increase both surface roughness, slowing the wind down, and cause turbulence, which significantly affects turbine efficiency. This can cause more than a 50% energy loss • Dense urban areas suffer from low wind speeds due to high surface roughness. Rooftops additionally suffer from turbulence
How to size a Battery Bank Battery bank sizing can be one of the more complex and important calculations in your system design. If the battery bank is oversized, you risk not being able to keep it fully charged; if the battery bank is sized too small, you won't be able to run your intended loads for as long as you'd planned.
Calculative Factors
Before tackling the calculations, start by identifying a few key pieces of information: • of electricity usage per day • Number of Days of Autonomy • Depth of Discharge limit • Ambient temperature at battery bank
Step Process
1 Identify total daily use in Watt-hours (Wh) 2 3 Identify Days of Autonomy (backup days); multiply Wh/day by this factor Identify Depth of Discharge (DoD) and convert to a decimal value. Divide result of Step 2 by this value
Example
6,000 Wh/day 3 Days of Autonomy: 6,000 x 3 = 18,000 W 40% DoD: 18,000 / 0.4 = 45,000 W 4 Derate battery bank for ambient temperature effect. Select the multiplier corresponding to the lowest average temperature your batteries will be exposed to. Multiply result from Step 3 by this factor. Result is minimum Wh capacity of battery bank: Temp. in [degrees] F.
Factor 80+ 70 60 50 40 30 20 1.00
1.04
1.11
1.19
1.30
1.40
1.59
60 ° F. = 1.11
45,000 x 1.11 = 49,950 W 5 Divide result from Step 4 by system voltage. Result is the minimum Amp-hour (Ah) capacity of your battery bank.
49,950 / 48 = 1,040 Ah
Advantages of ALTEM Wind Turbine
• • • • • • • Can be installed with less investment in comparison to high capacity turbines Possibility of grid connected or stand alone (with battery bank) or hybrid with solar/diesel Installation possible in very limited space Installation/maintenance does not require crane. This gives opportunity for installation on mountains/hills More than 50 types of towers can be designed as per clients’ site requirements with fixed or tilting arrangement Can be installed in premises of schools/college/hospital/warehouse/housing colony & the likes.
Start up or cut in wind speed of 2.5m/sec
ALTEM’s Achievements
• ISO Certified (see certificate attached) • CE Certified Products (see certificate attached) • Export of 25 KW to Italy
ISO Certified
CE Certification
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