Transcript The Civilizations of East Asia

Chapter 12
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Objectives
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Explain how Chinese civilization advanced during
the Sui and Tang
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Describe what daily life was like for the Chinese
people during the Sung dynasty
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Sui came into power in 589
Grand Canal- waterway
linking northern and
southern China
Sui dynasty ended in 618
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Defeated the Turks in the north and west
Made contact with other cultures to enhance
their knowledge
Built capital at Xian
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2 million people
Consisted of Arabs, Persians, Jews, Greeks, and
Chinese
China became the most powerful country in
the world under the Tang Dynasty
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Around 2300 poets
contributed to 49,000
works
Li Bo- a Daoist,
described life's
happiness
Du Fu- a follower of
Confucius, wrote about
suffering and tragedy
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Buddhism died out under
the Tang
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Seized monasteries,
persecuted Buddhists
China adopted
Confucianism as the official
religion from 800-1900 AD
Temples were built to
Confucius and officials
required to study his works
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Never had control of all of China
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Sung Dynasty was in Southern China
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Paid huge tribute every year to keep the Mongols
from attacking them
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The Jin Dynasty in the north
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Established by the Juchen people in 1126
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Exported porcelain, gold, silver, and copper
Vases were colorful and complex in design
Paintings was of landscapes
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Examinations every 3 years
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Only important families took the exams
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Assigned numbers and had clerks copy the
answers to cut down on cheating and
corruption
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Invented gun powder
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Invented printing
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Worlds first known
printed book created by
block letters called the
“Diamond Sutra”
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Religious text of the
Buddhists
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Farming methods
improved with
irrigation systems and
quick ripening rice
Heavy taxes forced
peasants to sell lands
and become tenant
farmers
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Wealthy lived in nice homes with gardens and
lakes
Cities had thriving markets and cultural events
Poor people lived in crowded apartments or
went homeless begging for food
Practice of foot binding for women
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Objectives
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Explore how the Mongol invaders were able to
conquer and rule so much of Asia
Examine the effect Mongol rule had on China
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Lived in current day
Mongolia, north of
China
Skillful warriors on
horseback with bow
and arrow
Traveled 100 miles/day
Threat of constant
attacks would wear
down enemy
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Fiercest ruler of all time
Ruled from 1162-1227
Name means
“Universal Ruler”
Captured Beijing,
Persia, and Central Asia
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Kublai Khan
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captured the rest of China
and parts of SE Asia
Received title Great Khan
Batu
invaded Europe around 1240
 Europeans gave them the
name Golden Horde
 Controlled Russia from
1250-1450
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Kublai Khan
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created own dynasty called Yuan
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China’s trade and influence grew
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Extended the Grand Canal
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Divided kingdom into 25 mile courier routes
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Benefited from trade and contact with Europeans
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Harsh taxes and tributes undermined Yuan
authority
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Famous merchant and
explorer
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Served as special
representative to Kublai
Khan for 17 years
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Book called Travels of
Marco Polo
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Objectives
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Investigate how the geography of Japan influenced
its development
Analyze how China influenced the early
development of Japan
Describe how changes in government influenced
society in feudal Japan
Examine how Southeast Asia was influenced by
China and India
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Island chain stretching
for nearly 1400 miles
Mountainous volcanic
islands
Small part of land
suitable for farming
Many rivers for
irrigation
Preferred to live in
isolation
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Early History
 Practiced the religion Shinto, spirits lived in
natural objects(Kami)
 No scripture or doctrine
 Worship involves prayers and rituals
 Shinto help unify all people of Japan
 Only 1 imperial family has ruled, Yamato
Clan
 Most Japanese practice Shinto and
Buddhism
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China Influence
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Influenced Japanese art,
science, and law
Centralized government and
gave emperor more power
Law code modeled after the
Tang Dynasty
Lady Muraski Shikibu wrote
the worlds 1st novel, The Tales of
Genji
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Japan developed a system of local power known as the
feudal system
 2 sources of power- central government and
powerful landowners
Minamoto reign changed how government was run
 Granted Minamoto the shogun
Ashikaga was the longest ruling at 250 yrs.
Wealthy land owners held power & hired samurai's for
protection
 Samurai followed the Bushido code
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The Daimyo…”great names”
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Local lords and their samurai became the most
powerful people in Japan during the Ashikaga
shogunate
Conducted trade &collected taxes to strengthen
their power
Wars offered people of lower status to rise in society
Zen Buddhism
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Introduced in the 1100’s
Showed appreciation of nature (Daoism)
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Development shaped
by China
Serves as a bridge to
the island chains
China controlled
northern Korea
3 Korean kingdoms:
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Koguyro, Peakche, Silla
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Unification under the Silla
Formed alliance with Tang Dynasty to conquer
Koguyro & Peakche
 United Korea by 670
 Infighting weakened Silla
 By 900 AD, kingdom of Koyro had taken control
 1200 AD, Mongols gained control
 1392 AD- Yi Dynasty(powerful Korean Dynasty)
ruled until 1910.
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Growth of Korean Culture
Adopted Chinese civil service system
 Buddhism was the state religion
 Aristocrats influenced political development
 No development of educated social class
 Large divide between small upper class and large
lower class
 Sejong development of the Korean Alphabet
showed sign of independence.
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Mainland is known as Indochina
Vietnam
Won independence in 939 from China
 Civilization was influenced by contact with China
 Accepted Mahayana Buddhism
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Cambodia
Khmer Empire controlled Southeast Asia
 Strongly influenced by India
 Accepted Hindu and Buddhism beliefs
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