Transcript Jung and Analytical Psychology LOBJ 12.8

Jung and Analytical Psychology LOBJ 12.8
• Another important theorist
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to break from Freud was
Carl Jung
Jung believed people are
motivated to attain selfrealization or perfection
It’s not about sex
We have what Jung
called, the collective
unconscious :a shared
storehouse of primitive
ideas and images a
Archetypes
• Shadow – the dark side
of our personality; deal
with it!
Behavioral Theory of Personality LOBJ 12.9 & 12.10
• I can’t see inside your
head, so why even
consider that?
• Behaviourists believe
personality is
acquired through
• VERY different from
the psychodynamic
theories!
Traits and Type Theories
• A trait is any readily-
identifiable, stable quality
that characterizes an
individual from other
individuals (continuum)
- LOBJ 12.11, 12.12, & 12.13
• Gordon Allport – Personal
Disposition
• Raymond B. Cattell
• Types are personality
categories in which broad
collections of traits are
loosely tied together and
interrelated
• Hans Eysenck (biology?)
The Five Factor Model LOBJ 12.14 & 12.15
• Five broad categories
of traits
• Extraversion•
• Researchers think of
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the five factors as
Genetics of personality?
Read pg. 431
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introversion
Agreeablenessantagonism
Conscientiousnessundirectedness
Neuroticism-stability
Openness to
experience
Humanistic Psychology LOBJ 12.16
• Reaction to
Psychodynamic,
Behaviouristic, & Type
views
• Abraham Maslow and
Carl Rogers
• People are motivated to
achieve personal goals by
internal forces
Maslow and Self-Actualization LOBJ 12.17
• Maslow conceives of
motives as forming a
hierarchy
• Lower needs, such as
those for food and water,
are at the bottom of the
hierarchy
• Self-actualization is the
final level of
psychological
development
– Self-actualized individuals
accept themselves, others,
and nature
Rogers and Self Theory LOBJ 12.18
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Carl Rogers made
three basic
assumptions about
behaviour:
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Behaviour is goaldirected
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People have the
potential for growth
How individuals see
the world determines
how they behave
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• Inborn tendency toward
fulfillment, a tendency
toward actualizing one’s
essential nature attained
only if certain conditions
are met
People who receive
empathy and unconditional
positive regard from a
congruent partner become
a “fully-functioning person”
Personality Assessment
• Assessment is the
process of evaluating
individual differences
through tests,
interviews,
observations, and
recording
physiological
processes
LOBJ 12.25
Projective Tests
• The basic idea:
– the unconscious directs
daily behaviour and
thoughts
• Projective tests are used to
uncover unconscious
motives
• The Rorschach Inkblot Test
is a classic projective test
• Examinees say what they
see in a series of 10
inkblots, shown one at a
time
Thematic Apperception Test
• The Thematic
Apperception Test (TAT)
is more structured than
the Rorschach
• It consists of a series of
black-and-white pictures
that depict at least one
person in an ambiguous
situation
• People taking the TAT are
asked to tell a story
describing the situation
Personality Inventories
• Personality inventories
generally consist of
true/false or multiple
choice items to which
people respond
– objective
• Well-constructed
inventories tend to be
valid predictors of
performance in a wide
array of situations
• One of the most widely
used personality tests is
the Minnesota
Multiphasic Personality
Inventory-2nd Edition
(MMPI-2)
• The norms of the MMPI-2
are based on profiles of
normal people and
groups of psychiatric
patients