Transcript Honors English 11

Honors English 11
Review of Skills & Knowledge
Reading “Closely”
• Kate Chopin
• Ripe Figs
• The Story of an Hour
• Desiree’s Baby
• Ernest Hemingway
• Hills Like White Elephants
Ripe Figs - Characters
• Babette
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Young, child-like, impatient
“dances” out to the trees every day
Finally presents figs to her godmother
Comments that time has dragged
• Maman
• “patient as the statue of La Madone”
• “stately”
• Sees time as quick progression of seasons
Ripe Figs – Literary Devices
• Contrast through the characters’ personalities and maturity
levels
• Symbol of the ripening fruit parallels Babette’s own
growth/maturity
• Allusion to “La Madone”
• Motif – reference to “La Madone” and the characterization of
Maman as saintly
• Theme - ?
Story of an Hour - Characters
• Louise Mallard
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“storm of grief” followed by quiet, then arrival of epiphany
Felt husband’s and society’s “oppressive will”
Realizes she can live for herself w/o his presence
Overcome w/ his return
• Brently Mallard
• “never looked on her save with love”
Story of an Hour – Lit Devices
• Visual imagery – the trees, clouds, sky
• Auditory imagery – birds, distant song
• Organic imagery – the physical effects of the arrival of her
epiphany – the feel of freedom
• Symbol – parallels between natural surroundings and her
shifting status from “owned” to “free”
• Dramatic Irony – reader knows she does NOT die “from joy
that kills” and understands she was overwhelmed with
shock/dismay at Mallard’s return
• Theme - ?
Desiree’s Baby - Characters
• Desiree
• Mysterious origins
• Loves husband deeply, desperately
• When rejected, takes child into the swamp/bayou
• Armand
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Exacting and imperious
Softened by marriage and baby
Turns w/ “the very spirit of Satan”
Violently treats the slaves and ignores wife, sending her away
Desiree’s Baby – Lit Devices
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Mood established through setting of l’Abri
Diction carefully chosen to establish mood
Motif – the interplay between light and dark, good and evil
Symbol – dark/evil/foreboding house mirrors its master
Allusion – Armand “possessed” by Satan
Theme - ?
…White Elephants - Characters
• Man
• Desires woman get an “operation”
• Seems unaware of her battle over the decision
• Appears to make the decision for the couple at the end
• Woman
• Recognizes the gravity of the decision through comments about
the setting
• Desires the “old life” and love
• Appears reconciled at the end (gives man a smile)
…White Elephants – Devices
• Setting as symbol
• Hill shape like pregnant woman, especially when the woman says
they have “skin”
• Barren, dry, lifeless side
• Verdant, lush, fertile side
• “Shadow of a cloud” = passing darkness of doubt? Guilt? The
actual child?
• Contrast – the two sides and the decision
• Theme - ?
Academic Writing
• Introduction
• Lead-in
• Thesis
• “Road map”
• Body paragraphs
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Clear main point/topic sentence
Evidence (RDF)
Commentary (E’s = explanation, elaboration, etc.)
Wrap-up/concluding review
Intro Strategies
• Ask a question related to the central concept
• Begin w/ a quote from a well-known person that relates to the
central concept
• A universal/general opening stmt related to the central
concept
• A fact or statistic related to the central concept
• Definition of a key word in the central concept
• Anecdote related to the central concept
• (In a short response) the thesis/main point
Characteristics of a Quality
Thesis – Lit Analysis Essay
• Author first/last name
• Text title
• The ARGUMENT or CLAIM you aim to support related to that
text
What is the “Road Map?”
• Provides an outline and preview of the upcoming discussions
(body paragraphs)
• In a longer essay (longer than 1.5 pgs), give at least one
sentence per anticipated body paragraph
Body Paragraphs – Topic
Sentences
• Similar to the thesis statement – provides a focus for the
paragraph’s discussion
• Focuses on one specific aspect of the text
What’s RDF?
• Reasons, details, facts
• In academic essays for English/history/psych and soc.
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Direct quotes
Summary
Paraphrase
Un-arguable, objective data
What’s Commentary (The E’s)?
• Explanation, elaboration
• Explain why your evidence was chosen and how it is relevant
to your present discussion
Small Details in Quality Writing
• Consistent verb tense
• Problem: When Macbeth heard that he was named Thane of
Cawdor he starts believing he can be king.
• Unnecessary repetition of words and phrases
• Problem: The ripening figs on the trees symbolize Babette’s
“ripening;” they symbolize the emerging maturity that will allow
her to go visit her cousins on the bayou.
• Helping verb plus –ing verb
• Problem: With Armand’s evil nature the author is showing us that
racism causes harm.
• Problem: Macbeth was now beginning to feel guilty about killing
King Duncan; Shakespeare is then showing that when we try to
control our own fate, it can have severe consequences.
Further Comments
• When a quote is used in a paper, it is best to provide a context
for the quote by introducing it:
• After receiving the letter from Macbeth, Lady Macbeth worries
over her husband’s ambition by stating he is “too full o’ the milk
of human kindness.”
• As the woman sits looking at the hills across the barren
landscape, she comments, “They look like white elephants.”
• Each body paragraph in a formal essay requires BOTH a topic
sentence and concluding statement that wraps up and
reviews the main point.
• It is only through multiple readings that one can discover the
full complexity of a text
• It is only through multiple revisions that writing can
meaningfully improve
Macbeth - Characters
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Macbeth
Lady Macbeth
King Duncan
Malcolm
Donalbain
Banquo
Fleance
Macduff
Macduff’s wife and son
Weird sisters/witches
Siward
King Edward of England
Macbeth – Plot Line
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Macbeth receives prophecy from witches: Thane/King
Macbeth success in battle leads to Thane of Cawdor title
New title makes attainment of King seem possible
Letter to wife incites her to action
Wife encourages Macbeth to take the throne through action
Macbeth murders Duncan – Duncan’s sons flee
Macbeth orders the murder of Banquo to ensure his own line
Banquo murdered, Fleance flees, ensuring truth in prophecy
Macbeth seeks advice from sisters: new prophecies/visions
Macbeth orders murder of Macduff and family
Lady Macbeth exhibits madness – guilt?
Malcolm rallies troops and Macduff in England
Troops hide behind trees of Birnham, advance on Dunsinane
Macduff confronts and kills Macbeth (killed by one not of woman)
Malcolm becomes king
Topics and Themes
• Fate vs. free will – Do you rule you own life, is it only partially
ruled by you, or is it ruled by outside forces? Note that the
witches never DO anything except provide prophecies and
visions; none of these are explained to Macbeth, who must
make sense of their meaning on his own.
• Madness and the presence of dark forces – malevolent acts
poison the mind
• Revenge
• Paranoia and power – Can one be in power free from fear?
• Ambition and power – How much is healthy? Too much? Does
power corrupt?
• Gender roles – Is cruelty inherently masculine?
Elements of Greek Tragedy
• Mimesis – A dramatization of reality that is close enough to
reality that we can “buy in” – realistic conflicts/themes
• Muthos – Plot is driven by a logical chain of cause-and-effect
events – centers only around one central idea/theme/goal
• Hamartia – A “tragic hero’s” misjudgment, flaw, or mistake
that causes a fall – inherent in his character
• Peripeteia – A reversal, usually of fortune, for the tragic hero
following the presence of the hamartia
• Anagnorisis – The recognition/epiphany of the true self by the
tragic hero – they see themselves for what they really are
• Catharsis – The arousal and purging of pity and fear in the
audience caused by watching the fall of greatness
Vocabulary
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Ameliorate
Detriment
Folly
Harmony
Ignore/ignoramus
Impediment
Indolent
Invalid
Parsimonious
Raze
Reticent
Retire
Retort
Subvert
Tractable
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Ebullient
Exhort
Finicky
Gall
Inane
Indemnify
Peruse
Spurn
Tepid
Wager
Wane
Usage (and some grammar)
• Refer to the grammar/usage slides in a separate file
The exam
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Matching
Multiple choice
Short answer
Identify writing errors and correct them
• Intro
• Body paragraph
• Style and usage