Transcript Slide 1

SESSION 3
SSR, Human Security and
the Gender Lens
Session 3: Gender and SSR
© DCAF/ISSAT
Concept
Actors
Implementation Cross Cutting
Issues
Session 1:
Session 5: Mapping Session 4: SSR in postIntroduction to SSR the security sector conflict contexts
Session 2:
Key characteristics
of SSR
Session 3: Gender and SSR
Session 6:
Strengthening
coordination for
SSR
Session 3: SSR and
the gender lens
Session 7: Case study
on South Sudan
Session 8 and 9:
Practical Exercise – SSR
programming Guinea
Bissau
© DCAF/ISSAT
Session Objectives
• Understand the different lenses needed for a human security
approach to SSR
• Understand what the gender lens is and why it is important to this
approach
• Understand how to integrate gender equality considerations into
a holistic human security approach to SSR
Session 3: Gender and SSR
© DCAF/ISSAT
WHAT IS THE LENS APPROACH?
Session 3: Gender and SSR
© DCAF/ISSAT
What is a lens?
Human security
needs & expectations
Security Sector Reform
© DCAF/ISSAT
Session 3: Gender and SSR
What is a “lens tool”?
Identify target audience
Gender
Age
Nationality/color/region
Cast/tribe/ethnic group
Education/marital status
Session 3: Gender and SSR
Religion/confession/sect
Socioeconomic status
Etc.
Different needs &
expectations
Context!
Different responses
© DCAF/ISSAT
WHAT IS GENDER ?
Session 3: Gender and SSR
© DCAF/ISSAT
THE LINE EXERCISE
Session 3: Gender and SSR
© DCAF/ISSAT
What is Gender?
The term "Gender" refers to:
How men AND women are expected by a certain
society to:
Be – act – interact
Session 3: Gender and SSR
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Session 3: Gender and SSR
The grid of lenses
Initially defined target group:
Human Security Risk: conflict resulted in
local community loss of livelihood
Security Risk: Military Conflict
Operationalizing the lenses grid
Gender Lens
Women
Men
Age
Nationality/color
region
Religion/confession
sect
Women
single/
married
15-45
knitting
nets
Boys 12-25
out of
school
supporting
male HoH
fishing
Men single/married
main family breadwinners as fishermen
Different needs
Socioeconomic status
Education/marital
Status
Etc.
Context!
Different
responses
© DCAF/ISSAT
Human security and Gender Lens
Men
Women
Boys
Girls
• Domestic violence
• Gang violence
• Infanticide
• Sexual assault
• Child abuse rape
• Child abuse, rape
• HomicAssaultide
• Dowry death
• Bullying
• Human trafficking
• Gang violence
• Sexual
harassment
• Abduction
• Abduction
• Human trafficking
• Child marriage
• Robbery
Group Work:
• Forced to rape
own family
•
Rape
for
What are the main security issues for• Buying/selling
each group?
• Rape and sexual
torture
Time:
• Human trafficking
5 minutes
• 'Honour' killings
•
prostitution
• Buying/selling for
prostitution
Stalking
• Forced
sterilisation
• Domestic violence
• Human trafficking
Session 3: Gender and SSR
© DCAF/ISSAT
HOW TO MAINSTREAM GENDER?
Session 3: Gender and SSR
© DCAF/ISSAT
Mainstreaming gender in SSR
STATE
National Security and Justice Strategy
Executive, judicial and parliamentary oversight
Other
Private security companies
Courts
Prosecutors
Intelligence
Police
Defence
Public oversight
Customary security and justice providers
Cross-cutting issues
Human Rights
Gender
Financial Management
Other
Security and justice needs
PEOPLE
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© DCAF/ISSAT
Top Down- Policy Making
On the legistlative, executive, judiciary levels (policy and institutional):
•
Consitution, legislation (coherence with international values)
•
Policies, strategies
•
Mandates, protocoles, action plans
•
Codes of action (Military, Police, Gendarmerie, etc.)
•
Budget
•
Infrastructure (police stations specialized for GBV victims, disagregated sanitaries, etc.)
•
Capacity Buidling of senior staff, policy-makers etc.
•
Human resources (Criteria for recruitment, family-sensitive HR regulations)
Session 3: Gender and SSR
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Bottom – up tools
• Use community-based tools in collecting information
• Disaggregate data by sex and age (education, tribe, etc.)
• Use methods for qualitative data collection that are gender sensitive
(workshops, focus groups, private interviews, public/private, home/work
environments…)
• Include gender sensitive data in the reports
• Liaise with those who know the community (CSOs, CBOs)
• Avoid “blind terms” such as “the community” and “the population”, define
accurately your target group
• Include monitoring strategies: objectives and measurable indicators and results
• Ask for gender expertise if possible
• Human Security/SSR/gender awareness training to ALL stakeholders (ADAPT
your approach to public: Find the selling point)
• Etc.
Session 3: Gender and SSR
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WHAT IS THE VALUE OF USING THE
GENDER LENS IN SSR?
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© DCAF/ISSAT
For the Development Community
• Conflict, post-conflict as a time of dramatic
change in social dynamics
• DO NO HARM!
• Effectiveness and sustainability of projects
• Gender Equality as an official international
commitment since year 2000
• Coordination
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On service delivery level
2. Gender Equality improves operational effectiveness
– Strengthens responses to Gender Based Violence (In some cases, men are better
equipped to deal with male victims and women with female victims)
– Screening of ex-combatants (In some cases, men are better equipped to deal with male excombatants and women with female ex-combatants)
– Widening net of intelligence gathering (for ex. Providing in formation of small arms in
community or provide early warning information)
– Performing cordon and search of individuals (at checkpoints for example)
– Gain trust of civilians (In some cultures, during PSO troops rounds, females should hide in their
houses because they should not be exposed to males)
– Ensure full involvement of local civilians (a mixed force appeals better to a mixed
community)
– Exercise communication and crowd control skills (a mixed team always allows for more
outreach)
– Etc.
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CASE STUDY EXERCISE:
GENDER AND DEFENCE REFORM
IN SOUTH AFRICA
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Exercise: 15 mins
Ministry of
Defence
Session 3: Gender and SSR
Armed
Forces
Civil Society
Parliament
Trainee
© DCAF/ISSAT
CASE STUDY: real results in South Africa
Session 3: Gender and SSR
© DCAF/ISSAT
Results: South Africa
• Changed gender configurations within the SANDF, (April 2011):
– 19% Women in General officer ranks: 1 Maj-General, 31 Brig-Generals
– 22 % women of total uniformed personnel 20.5% women of total
– Recruitment target 40% females from 2010
• Annual Gender Conferences built consensus benefits of equality
• Gender awareness included in training at all levels
• Gender Mainstreaming Council established with reps from all
Services/Divisions of the National Defence Forces and Ministry
• 2nd Defence Review = opportunity to integrate Gender
Perspectives, Plans, Processes, Mission Assessments into Revised
Defence Strategy
Session 3: Gender and SSR
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Remember
• Human Security approach to SSR
reflects the “real needs” in terms of
security & justice
• The gender lens is one among
several and it is not just about
women
• A gender lens is essential to achieve
MD Goal 3
• Key questions:
Session 3: Gender and SSR
– Are both women and men across all
groups consulted and involved,
including civil society?
– Are the different security needs of
women & men across all groups being
taken into account?
– Are institutions ready and capable to
deal with those differentiated ©needs?
DCAF/ISSAT