Transcript Using Simulation to Prepare Nursing Students to Manage

Using Simulation to Prepare
Nursing Students
Dawn M. Garrett, Ph.D. (c), RN
&
Lisa Proctor, BSN, RN
Western Kentucky University
School of Nursing
An Old Chinese Proverb States
• “I hear, I forget;
I see, I remember;
I do, I understand!”
Ask Yourself?
• Do I want to be on the pilot’s first flight?
• Would I like to be the surgeon’s first case?
• In an emergency, would I be comfortable knowing the
nurse had never taken care of a client with my
condition?
• Will I trust my money to an inexperienced broker?
• Would I send my child to a therapist/counselor who
had just graduated and begun practicing?
Question
How do you get experience in an applied discipline
or profession without….
…getting your experience on the job??
Simulation Defined
• “A near representation of an actual life event”
(Billings & Halstead, 1998)
• “An event or situation made to resemble clinical
practice as closely as possible”
(Jefferies, 2007)
Simulation Roots
• Simulation has been used in in many disciplines
for decades
• Used by multiple disciplines/professions as a
risk free training mechanism
• Stimulates critical thinking
Uses of Simulation In Various
Disciplines
• Teach Theory
• Assess Progress Toward Course Objectives
• Integration of Technology in the Classroom and
Clinical Setting
• Development of Reasoning Skills/Critical
Thinking
History of Simulation in Healthcare
Education
• Used for 40 + years in many healthcare
disciplines
• Typically low tech simulations using stagnant
models
• Last 10 years we have seen a dramatic increase
in high fidelity simulation equipment
National Council of State Boards of
Nursing Definition of Simulation
• “Simulations are activities that mimic the reality
of a clinical environment and are designed to
demonstrate procedures, decision-making and
critical thinking through techniques such as roleplaying and the use of devices such as interactive
mannequins.”
(NCSBN, 2004)
Types of Simulation
• Low tech
– Case studies
– Role playing
• High tech
– Gaming software
– Virtual Excursion/Virtual Reality Software
– Human patient simulators
• Resusci-Annie (low fidelity)
• Vital Sim (medium fidelity)
• Sim Man (high fidelity)
Key Elements of a Simulation
•
•
•
•
•
Objectives
Fidelity
Problem-Solving
Student Support
Reflection
Why Are We Using More Simulations
in Nursing?
• Simulation offers alternatives
–
–
–
–
–
Allows teaching multiple objectives
Brings learning alive
Increases student confidence leading to competence
Eases strain on clinical sites
Risk free training
• Not a substitute for, but a complement to,
supervised clinical practice
High Fidelity Simulations in the
ADN Program
•
•
•
•
Simulation Design
Objectives must be developed by the instructor
Supplies and set-up for the chosen experience
Coordinate the experience to the curriculum
currently being taught in the classroom
• Develop experiences that correlate to the clinical
expertise of the student participants
• Debriefing session after the experience
• High fidelity simulations currently used in the
ADN programs
• BSN use of simulation
Sim WoMan
(aka-Molly Green)
Conducting the Patient Assessment
Planning Care
Preparing to Intervene
We Saved Molly Green!!
Advantages
•
•
•
•
Patient safety is not threatened
The instructor controls the clinical situation
Mistakes can be made
Learning is interactive and includes immediate
feedback
• Delegation, leadership and communication skills
can be developed
• Psychomotor skills can be taught and applied
Disadvantages
• Cost of high-fidelity simulators can range from
$20,000 to $200,000 depending on the features
• Reliability and maintenance of the simulator
• Required technical support for the simulator
• Physical space requirements
• To enhance learning, only small groups of
learners can be accommodated in each session
• Both faculty and learners can experience
performance anxiety
Benefits
•
•
•
•
For Students
Risk free training
Brings learning alive
Increases confidence
leading to competence
• Friendly environment
for learning
• For Faculty
• Risk free training
• Lessens the number of
clinical sites required for
training
• Allows teaching of
multiple objectives
• If you make people think they're thinking, they'll
love you; But if you really make them think,
they'll hate you.
– Don Marquis
US humorist (1878 - 1937)
Pitfalls/Lessons Learned
• The faculty member sets the tone for the
experience
• Debriefing is often overlooked, but can be the
greatest teaching experience for both the student
and the instructor
• Assign roles to the students-this ensures that
everyone gets an opportunity to fully participate
• Education's purpose is to
replace an empty mind
with an open one.
– Malcolm Forbes, in
Forbes Magazine
US art collector, author, &
publisher (1919 - 1990)
Time to Share
• How are you using simulations in your courses?