Transcript Dimensions of Human Behavior: Person and Environment

Dimensions of Human
Behavior:
Person and Environment
Chapter 10
Families
KEY POINTS ADDRESSED
 Defining “Family”
 Trends in Family Life
 Charting Theoretical Perspectives by:
KEY CONCEPT; NAME OF THEORY; THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE; ASSOCIATED
AUTHOR; DESCRIPTION of THEORY; CHANGE TARGET; ASSESSMENT TOOLS





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Psychodynamic
Social Behavioral
Family Systems and Life Cycle
Stress Models
Multilevel Family Practice
Strengths Based
 Diversity in Family Life:
What We Need to Know About Social Class, Immigrant Families,
Gay/Lesbian Families
Chapter 10: Families
Defining Family:
How do you know a “normal” family when you see one?
Identify the members of Junior’s family.

What characteristics or relationships helped
you decide that these individuals were
members of Junior’s family?
In what ways does Junior’s family represent
changing trends in today’s family life?
The Family is a social institution that
carries out certain obligations in meeting
the needs of the society:
•Socialization
•Procreation
•Mutual support
Chapter 10: Families
Trends in U.S. Family Life
 From a unit for economic production to a unit
of economic consumption
 From reliance on kinship supports to
individual self-sufficiency
 From a basis of economic support to basis of
emotional support
 From a culturally deviant to a culturally
variant perspective
Chapter 10: Families
Trends in U.S. Family Life
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Medical advances and court rulings have made
childbearing discretionary

Unmarried cohabitation is no longer legally prohibited

Divorce and remarriage have increased dramatically
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Number of stepfamilies and complexity of family live
have increased
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Large numbers of women entered the paid labor force
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More families consist of at least two wage earners
Chapter 10: Families
Trends in U.S. Family Life (cont)
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Average life expectancy has increased
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Care needs for elderly family members has increased
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Racial, ethnic, and cultural diversity have increased
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Autonomy and self direction, as opposed to obedience
and conformity, in children holds greater value

Power between men and women has been equalizing
Chapter 10: Families
Charting Theoretical Perspectives:
Family Systems, Task Centered
KEY CONCEPTS
 Differentiation of
self;
 Triangulation
 family of origin
 Patterns of
rewards,
communications,
family rules;
 Conflict
management
NAME OF
THEORY
Bowan’s
Family
Systems
Model
THEORETICAL ASSOCIATED DESCRIPTION of
PERSPECTIVE AUTHOR
THEORY
Psychodynamic Murray Bowen Family members
must be able to:
differentiate their
feelings from their
thoughts; their
actions and beliefs
from other members
of the family; how we
are connected to
family of origin helps
us understand and
develop healthy
relationships in adult
life
TaskSocial
William Reid
Interaction among
Centered
behavioral
family members
Approach To perspective
identified as both
Family
problem and solution
to problems in the
family
CHANGE
TARGET
Individual’s
thoughts
and
feelings
ASSESSMENT
TOOLS
Genogram
Individual
learned
behaviors;
Family
interactions
between
individual
and other
family
Review of
learned
behavior
patterns
Charting Theoretical Perspectives:
Family Life Cycle, ABCX Stress Model
KEY CONCEPTS
NAME OF
THEORY
Family Life
 Six stages of life
 Shared beliefs and Cycle
family roles
THEORETICAL ASSOCIATED DESCRIPTION of
PERSPECTIVE AUTHOR
THEORY
Systems
Carter &
Family members
McGoldrick
affect and are
affected by each
other.
Individuals need to
understand family
roles and behave
appropriately at
different times in
the family life
cycle.
ABCX Model Of Systems;
Hill and
Understanding
 Family transition
Family Stress
Psychodynamic McCubbin
family resources
process
and how the family
 Maladaption/bonad And Coping
interprets events is
aption
key to
 Normative/nonunderstanding
normative
whether an event
stressors
becomes a ‘crisis’
 Stress pile up
CHANGE
TARGET
Improved
relationships
and
interactions
among all
family
members
ASSESSMENT
TOOLS
Multi
generational
genogram;
Family time line
Individual
response to
crisis
situations
and family
stressors;
Family
access to
resources
Ecomap
Family time line
Charting Theoretical Perspectives:
Multi-level Family Practice, Strengths
KEY CONCEPTS
NAME OF
THEORY
Multi-level
 Developmental
family
social
construction view practice
model
 Religious,
political,
economic, etc.
factors
 Basic social
structures
 Cultural assets
 Resource
strengths
 Support systems
 Positive
relationships
Strengths
Perspective
THEORETICAL ASSOCIATED DESCRIPTION
PERSPECTIVE AUTHOR
of THEORY
Systems;
Nancy Vosler Considers the
Conflict
larger systems
in which the
family is
embedded;
distribution of
resources
(policies,
economic
benefits, etc.)
impacts family
functioning
Humanistic
Harriet
Identifying the
McAdoo
strengths in
Froma Walsh non-traditional
families;
appreciation of
how family
meets
challenges
CHANGE
TARGET
Families’
access to
resources
ASSESSMENT
TOOLS
List of monthly
household
expenses;
geographic data
map;
Home visit
Identification Focus on past
and
accomplishments
exploitation
of previous
successful
individual
and family
coping
strategies
Test Your Knowledge:
Explain why each of the family theories are
associated with a particular theoretical
perspective… i.e. Why do we designate the
Task Centered Approach within the Social
Behavioral Perspective?
Explain why traditional family therapy, which
focuses on family-level change alone, is less
effective with “isolated, impoverished, singleparent families” than with non-poor families.
Chapter 10: Families
Diversity in Family Life
Four dimensions to consider for describing
and comparing similarities and differences
among cultural groups:
1.
Migration experience
2.
Ecological context of family
3.
Family organization
4.
Family life cycle
Chapter 10: Families
Diversity in Family Life:
What We Need to Know About Social Class
Children raised in a single-parent or remarried
families:
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Can grow up physically, mentally, and
psychologically healthy
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Are at higher risk for poverty and stress
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Tend to live more complex lives and often
must cope with a variety of internal stressors
Chapter 10: Families
Diversity in Family Life:
What We Need to Know about Immigrant Families
 There are different patterns of immigration in different regions of
the United States.
 By 2040, one in four residents of the United States will be
immigrant (first generation) or the child of immigrants (second
generation.
 The migration experience includes changes in social networks,
socioeconomic status, and culture that result from migration.
 It is important to understand families’ countries of origin, settlement
patterns, and immigration policy—including eligibility for
mainstream or special education, health and mental health
services, and other financial and social services and resources.
Chapter 10: Families
Diversity in Family Life:
What We Need to Know About Gay and Lesbian Families
 Lesbians and gays are bicultural. They have been
reared and socialized in the dominant heterosexual
culture and have internalized the norms, values, and
beliefs learned in that culture.
 Gays and lesbians are part of a complex
multigenerational family system consisting of a family
of origin, a multigenerational lesbian/gay community,
and/or a family of choice that consists of friends,
partners, and/or children.
Chapter 10: Families