Transcript Structure of K-pp and its production in p+p

KAON
from Erich’s dream
toward
Kaon Condensed Matter
Toward the synthesis of cold and dense
anti-kaonic nuclear systems at J-PARC
Toshimitsu Yamazaki, Univ Tokyo, RIKEN
with Y. Akaishi and other collaborators
“DR KAON”
* Successful birth of 3 Meson Factories ~ 1974:
Los Alamos, SIN, TRIUMF
* Sciences with mesons, as well as sciences of the
mesons (incl. muons)
* Next generation ~ 1980’s planned & proposed
Erich’s KAON factory: from Canadian to Global
* The idea inherited to J-PARC
Erich’s great contribution 1974 ~
* Central problems to be pursued:
K meson (Kaon: Nambu-Goldstone boson)
chiral symmetry restoration
Fronties of Nuclear Regime
nuclear physics law: density = constant
• High temperature High density:
Quark-Gluon Plasma
being explored at relativistic HI collisions
at BNL and CERN
• Low temperature High density ??
Nothing is known except neutron stars
Key elements: PIONS & KAONS
Chiral symmetry restoration
Starting from:
K-p atom
K-N scattering
L(1405)
U Knucl
MeV
Strong K- - p attraction (Weise:1996) Nuclear
shrinkage predicted 2002
Y. Akaishi and T. Yamazaki, PRC 65 (2002) 044005 T.
Yamazaki and Y. Akaishi, PLB 535 (2002) 70
U Knucl
MeV
K- + p
1
1
2
3 r fm
S+p
L(1405)
-50
S+p
EK  -27 MeV
Ì  40 MeV
pp
MeV
3 r fm
2
KH
EK  -48 MeV
2
3 r fm
0
-50
S+p
L+p
-200
-200
-300
-300
-400
-400
-500
-500
-200
-300
-400
-500
K- + 3He
1
Ì  61 MeV
L+p
L+p
2
UKnucl
0
0
-50
K- +
3
KH
EK  -108MeV
Ì  20 MeV
First predicted
T.Y. Y. Akaishi, 2002;
K-pp
Pionic and kaonic origins of nuclear forces
named by K. Nishijima
Two different reaction mechanisms to produce L*p --> K-pp
Conventional: p+ + n --> L* + K+
New 2007 p + p --> L* + p + K+
L*-p distance at collision ~ 2.2 fm
sticking probability: small ~ 1%
L*: mostly in the q. f. region
Collision distance RNN ~ 1/m~ 0.3 fm
matches the small size ~
1 fm
of the dense K-pp bound state.
2005 predicted
J-PARC E27
sticking probability ~ 1
Dominance of L1405-p sticking
in NN collisions: L*-p doorway
Concerted experimental evidence
for high-density K pp
* 2010 DISTO:
enormous yield in short-range and
high-q p + p collision
* 2014 J-PARC E27:
very small cross section,
but successfully identified
DISTO results
A gigantic peak observed
T.Y. et al., PRL 104 (2010)
1. A robust peak observed in pp  K+ + p + L
at large angle
deviation spectra of both M(pL) and DM(K)
2. Presence of K-pp established with
BK = 105 +- 2 MeV, G = 118 +- 5 MeV
in agreement with the deep regime
not with the shallow regime
3. Peak / continuum ~ 0.1; L1405 / L ~ 0.1
 extraordinary sticking X / L1405 ~ 1,
as predicted
proving K-pp  strongly bound,
dense
J-PARC E27
BK-pp = 95
+18
-17
+30
-21 MeV
DISTO 2010
X2265 -> p+L population
~ 100% in p + p -> X + K+
q = 1.6 GeV/c
~ 2% in p+ + d -> X + K+
q = 0.3 GeV/c
Indicating:
E27 2014 X2265 = dense K-pp
* Impacts of the observed K-pp:
Enormous cross section of p + p -> K-pp + K+
Low cross section at d(p+,K+)
 dense system
Binding energy by a factor of 2 larger than theory
 indicates 20% enhanced Kbar-N attraction
 suggesting chiral symmetry restoration;
increasing attraction, densities
Hadronic phase to quark-gluon phase !?
Maeda et al., Proc. Jpn. Acad. B (2013) 418-437 Faddeev-Yakubovsky
Global View
KbarN
--> attraction
strength
DISTO + J-PARC E27
K-pp: /0 ~ 3 indicated
Kbar Nuclear Clusters
av ~ 3 0 !!
Why high-density nuclei possible ?
Against the nuclear physics “law” of  = const.
Normally: N-N hard-core:
quark Pauli blocking
+ gluon entanglement
rN ~ 0.86 fm
vN ~ 2.75 fm3
N = 1/vN
~ 0.36 fm-3
~ 2.1 0
Exceptional:
K- = s ubar: no u,d quark:
no Pauli repulsion; strong
attraction in u-ubar and d-dbar
Isovector pN:
increased repulsion
A GSI experiment
confirmed
in pionic 1s states in Sn
For  -> 3 0, Chiral symmetry restored,
Brown, Kubodera, Rho PLB (1987)
Clearing of the QCD vacuum
Quark condensate decreased
I=0 KbarN:
increased attraction
 shrinkage
more attraction
 more schrinkage
T. Yamazaki, S. Hirenzaki, R.S. Hayano & H. Toki, Phys. Rep. 514 (2012) 1
Evidence for partial restoration
of chiral symmetry in nuclear medium
K. Suzuki et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (2004) 072302
Quark condensate decreases by ~30% at 0.
Deeply bound pion
Isovector s-wave pN scattering length, b1 [mp-1]
Now, in 2015,
J-PARC E27
with DISTO
NEW EXPERIMENTAL PROPOSAL J-PARC
(conceptual)
K K pp
IN PROTON-PROTON COLLISIONS
Gateway toward
Dense Kaon Condensed Matter
T. Yamazaki, Y. Akaishi, M. Hassanvand,
Proc. Jpn. Acad. B 87, 362 (2011);
Phys. Rev. C 84, 015207 (2011)
p + p -> L* + L* + K+ + K+ -> K-K-pp + K+ + K+
Deeper bound state more favored
M. Hassanvand et al., PRC 84 (2011) 015207
S. Maeda, Y. Akaishi & T. Yamazaki, Proc. Jpn. Acad. 89 (2014) 418
Dynamical formation of L*=K-p clusters in K-K-pp
 L* condensed matter
L* - L*
0.75 fm
Multi K- Nuclei ~~ Multi L*=pK- Nuclei
* Migrating K- with covalent bonding
many-body forces: attractive
* K- K- interaction
bosonic commutation 
Boson covalent bonds are always added !
 




 (r1, r2   N a (r1 )b (r2 )  b (r1 )a (r2 )
* K- K- repulsion
dynamically diminished
Doorways to Multi-Kaonic Nuclear Matter
T. Yamazaki, Y. Akaishi & M. Hassanvand, Proc. Jpn. Acad. B 87 (2011) 362
K+
p
p
Several GeV
p
L*
K-pp
K+
Short collision length
Compact bound state
L*
p L*
K-K-pp
K+
L* complex: K- strangelet
New data M(dL) in HI @GSI
N. Herrmann, BORMIO2012
K- nuclear clusters
Cold, dense & microscopic nuclear systems
New Paradigm – quark-gluon ground state
chiral symmetry restoration? quark-gluon phase?
exotic nuclear dynamics, strange matter/star, kaon condensation,……
K. Fukushima, T. Hatsuda,
Rep. Prog. Phys. 74 (2011)
Without the aid of gravity
Farewell to Erich
• Last time I reported all my excitements on KAON
to Erich, when he visited us in Tokyo, we
resonated on the same excitement.
• Farewell to Erich, I thank you deeply for your
helps to us to explore and establish strong
international collaborations (not only myself, but
also my colleagues in Japan) .
• Erich’s most important legacy to us:
his enthusiasm, passion, stimulation toward
cultivation of young human generation that has
produced scientific developments
Beautiful
BC
“DR KAON”
J-PARC Next Step: Hadron Hall Extension
International users & collaborations highly welcome
Both Nuclear Physics community and
High Energy Physics community gave
high priority to this project.
Hypernucleus
HIHR:
Very Precise spectroscopy with highMicroscope
resolution and high-intensity secondary beams
Hypernucleus Factory
K1.1, 1.8: Ultimate
research of
(S=-1,
-2)
S=-1 and -2 hypernuclei with
high-intensity Kaon beams
CP Violation: from Discovery
to Measurement
KL: Measurement of 100 CP
violating events to tackle a
quest on the matter–dominated
universe
Multi-Strangeness / Charmed
K10: Nuclear matter with an extreme condition
with high-momentum separated secondary
beams (Kaons and Antiprotons)
Discovery of Lepton Flavor
COMET: Search for m-e conversion with
Violation
the world-best precision of less than 10
-16
Thank you very much
No repulsion effect among K-’s
S. Maeda et al. (2013)
K- K- distance distribution
rrms(KK) ~ 2.0 fm in K-K-p
~ 1.0 fm in K-K-pp
dense K-K- dynamically formed
rrms(NN) ~1.0 fm in K-K-pp
Does K-K- repulsion diminish Kaon Condensation?
No !! Contrary to prevailing belief
T. Y. et al., PJAB 87 (2011); Hassanvand et al., PRC 84 (2011)
Maeda et al., PJAB 89 (2013)
<= from Kanada-Enyo, Jido PRC78
However, K- is orbiting !
K-pp ~ L*p
Abundant production of L*=K-p
in pp -> p L* K+ ~ 1/10 of L
L*p sticking
DISTO proved
K-K-pp ~ L*L*
Why not
pp -> L* + L*
+ K+ + K+
sticking
I to K-K-pp ?!
L*L* model for K-K-pp
 




 (r1, r2   N a (r1 )b (r2 )  b (r1 )a (r2 )
TF
300
[MeV]
T
200
100
K-
VKK
D
0
[fm]
-5.0
EF
-100
If K- is assumed to be a Fermion:
-200
K-
-3.0
-1.0
L*
1.0
D
Fermion covalent bonds
cancel each other.
E
UF
-300
-400
U
-500
Boson covalent bonds are always added !
-600
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.0
L*
5.0