Transcript Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs

Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs
Introduction
• Pharaohs - ancient Egyptians rulers; they believed
they were gods
• Old Kingdom - 2700 B.C.E – 2200 B.C.E
– Strong central government during this time; age of pyramids
• Middle Kingdom - about 2000 B.C.E. – 1800 B.C.E.
– Period of Reunification
• New Kingdom – about 1600 B.C.E. – 1100 B.C.E.
– Egypt’s Golden Age; increased trade during this time of peace
and stability
Pyramids
• Built as tombs for
pharaohs
• Pharaohs were believed
to be gods
• Egyptians also believed
in life after death
• The pyramids were built
to honor the pharaohs
forever
• Great Pyramid at Giza is
one of the greatest
Khufu
• Ruled from 2551 to 2528
B.C.E
• Khufu established the
pharaoh as central authority
• Had a large network of
government officials
• Declared himself a god
• Built the Great Pyramid of
Giza
Great Pyramid of Giza
• A center of huge
complex
• More than 2 million
stone blocks
• Took 20 years to
complete
• No one is exactly sure
how they built it
The Sphinx by the Great
Pyramid
•Head of a man
•Body of a lion
Senusret I
Senusret shown clutching
ankh which is an Egyptian
symbol for eternal life
• Ruled from 1971 to
1926 B.C.E.
• Patron of the Arts
• Craftspeople thrived
under his rule
• “The Story of Sinuhe”
written during his rule
• Greatest
accomplishment was
religious architecture
White Chapel
• Chapel is a small temple
at Karnak
• Made of alabaster – a
hard white stone
• Beautiful artwork
decorated the chapel’s
pillar
• The white chapel was
taken apart by another
pharaoh but was later
rebuilt by archeologists
Stone carvings of Senusret I
Menes
• Ruled from 3100 to
2850 B.C.E
• Founded the city of
Crocodilopulus
• Credited with uniting
Upper and Lower Egypt
• Unification is the
joining of two parts into
one
Unification of Egypt
Red Crown of Lower Egypt
White Crown of Upper Egypt
The Red and White Crown
were joined together to symbolize the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt
What the new crown looked like
Hatshepsut
• Ruled from 1473 – 1458 B.C.E
• Egypt’s first female pharaoh
• Greatest accomplishment was
gaining power
• Sometimes wore male clothing
and a fake beard
• promoted trade with other
countries
• Biggest trade expedition was to
Punt
– Traded jewelry, bronze weapons,
papyrus
– Over 200 men made the journey
Other images of Hatshepsut
Hatshepsut’sTemple at Dayr alBahri
• Built into a cliff above
the Nile River
• At the entrance were
two tall thin
monuments called
obelisks
• Entrance also had 200
sphinxes
Obelisk at temple
Ramses II
• Ruled from 1290 to 1224
B.C.E
• Reigned more than 60 years
as Ramses the Great
• One of the most famous
• Over 100 wives and children
• Fearless soldier – he was
made a captain at 10 years
old
The Temple at Abu Simbal
Ramses depicted as a warrior
Stone figure of Ramses the Great
King Tutankhaman
• Ruled from 1341 to 1323
B.C.E.
• 9 years old when he
became pharaoh
• 19 years old when he died
• Tomb was discovered in
1922 in the Valley of the
Kings
• It was the greatest
discovery of all times
The treasures of King Tut’s Tomb