Transcript Document
IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
IS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-1
IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
What is
a Project ?
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
The end is reached : Project objectives are achieved, or
Project is terminated
Temporary does not mean short in duration
Temporary does not apply project`s products or services
All temporary tasks are not projects
Temporary nature of projects may apply to other aspects :
The opportunity is temporary and – The project team is
temporary
A project is a temporary endeavour
undertaken to create a unique product or
Examples:
service
Doing something which has not been done
before
The project might have repetitive elements
The characteristics must be progressively
elaborated :
Elaboration of product characteristics
must be coordinated with project scope
definition
Ideally the scope of the project should
remain constant as the product
characteristics change.
•Developing a new product
•Changing the structure of
organization
•Implementing a new design
process
Operations are not projects:
Operations are ongoing and
repetitive
Project always begin with
Problem (John J. Rakos)
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-2
IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
Progressive Elaboration
Integrates concepts of temporary and unique
As the product is unique it should be progressively
elaborated.
The scope of the project should remain constant even as
the product scope is progressively elaborated.
Example:
Problem analysis
Requirements specification
Software design
Coding
Testing
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-3
IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
Rich picture of a general software-development process
(Mireles and Jacobo)
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IS Project Management
Framework&Principles
What is a
Project
Management
?
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
Project management is the application of
knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to
project activities in order to meet project
requirements
Requires to balance: Scope, time, cost and
quality:
Cost
Introduction
Scope/quality
Involves stakeholders with different needs and
expectations
Involves identified requirements
Management
management.
by
projects
is
not
project
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IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
Relationship to Other Disciplines
Project Management
Knowledge and
Practice
Operations:
Software estimation
Life cycles
Quality models
Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Management
Knowledge and
Practises
Application
Area Knowledge
And Practises
Executing
Controlling
Significance of problem domain knowledge
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-6
IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
Why The Project Fail ? – John J. Rakos
Failure at The Start
Do not get off the ground (without a plan)
Unrealistic deadline and budget
Failure in The Development stages
Analysis and design are not documented
The responsibilities are not clear assigned to spesific individuals
Design, testing, and implementation methods are invaluable
Lack of walk-through’s and review
Many project failures are blamed on turnover
Lack of development standard
Brute force techniques such as add more manpower don’t work
Failure at The End
Delivery without thorough debugging
Do not deliver the promised performance
Maintenance cost is too high
Overrun in expense and schedule, unhappy users, damaged reputation,
waste expensive talent, etc
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IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
Project Management Framework
Core Function
Time
Mgt
Cost
Mgt
Quality
Mgt
Stakeholders needs
and expectations
Project Integration Management
HR
Mgt
Comm
Mgt
Risk
Mgt
Procure
Mgt
Tools and Techniques
Scope
Mgt
Facilitating Function
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-8
IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
Project Management Framework
Integration Management
Plan development
Project plan execution
Overall change control
Cost Management
Resources Planning
Cost estimating
Cost budgeting
Cost control
Comm. Management
Communications Planning
Information distribution
Performance reporting
Administrative closure
Scope Management
Initiation
Scope planning
Scope definition
Scope verification
Scope change control
Quality Management
Quality planning
Quality assurance
Quality control
Risk Management
Risk identification
Risk quantification
Risk response development
Risk response control
Time Management
Activity definition
Activity sequencing
Activity durationestimating
Schedule development
Schedule control
HR Management
Organizational planning
Staff acquisition
Team development
Risk Management
Procurement planning
Solicitation planning
Solicitation
Source selection
Contract administration
Contract close-out
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IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
PROJECT PHASE
ACTIVITIES
Definition
Requirements
Go/no Go decision
Proposal
Analysis
Functional
specification
Development
Proposal
Re-estimate
DOCUMENTS AND
(MILESTONES)
Programming
System Design
ATP
Re-estimate
Module Design
Coding
System Test
Integration
Testing
Functional
Spesification
(user S.O)
Estimates and
Project plan
(re-done)
Top level design
Acceptance
Operation
Acceptance Test
Cutover
Warranty
Sell next project
Post Project Rev.
Maintenance
Project Management
Reviews
Status Reports
Documentation
(*)
Requirement
Document (*)
(userS.O.)
Analysis Proposal
(User buys)
Preliminary
project plan
(resource provider
S.O)
Design
John J. Rakos
Design specifica.
(walked thru.)
Acceptance test
Plan (user s.o)
Revised estimates
(done)
Module Design
(walked thru)
System test Plan
(Done)
User DocumenTation
(started)
Programs
(tested)
Project leader
(S.O)
Working/
Debugged
System
(Proj.Mgr S.O.)
User Training
Test Result
(user S.O.)
New system
Operational
(user satis.)
User Supported
Proposal for
Next project
(user buy)
Relative Effort
(PM)
(Total Staff)
(*) The requirements Document may or may not be part of the project
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IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
The Iterative Model graph shows how the
process is structured along two dimensions
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IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-12
IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
The principles of modern software management
(Royce Walker)
Base the process on an architecture-first approach
Establish an iterative
confronts risk early
life-cycle
process
that
Transition design methods to emphasize component-based development
Establish a change management environment
Enhance change freedom through tools that support round-trip
engineering
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IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
Capture design artifacts in rigorous, model-based
notation
Instrument the process for objective quality control and
progress assessment
Use a demonstration-based
intermediate artifacts
approach
to
assess
Plan intermediate releases in groups of usage
scenarios with envolving levels of detail
Establish a configurable process that is economically
scalable
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IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
Work Breakdown Structure
Determine how to organize the work breakdown
Time based,
test/implement
i.e. planning/analysis/design/construct/
Deliverable based, i.e. online application/data warehouse/user
query tools
Geography based, i.e.
Region/Eastern Region
Chicago
Pilot
Test/Midwest
Other …
Any breakdown should end up covering all the work
Sequencing not important for WBS
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IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
Work Breakdown Structure
0.0
Level 0
SIA PROJECT
1.0
Level 1
2.0
DEFINITION
3.0
ANALYSIS
1.1
DESIGN
1.2
Requirement
Document
4.0
PROGRAMMING
1.3
Feasibility
Study
5.0
6.0
SYSTEM TEST
1.4
Risk Analysis
7.0
ACCEPTANCE
1.5
Pre. Project
Plan
OPERATION
1.6
Proposal
Negotiate
Proposal
Level 2
2.1
Interviews
Level 3
2.1.1
Office
Manager
2.2
Analyse
Existing Sys.
2.1.2
Warehouse
Supervisor
2.3
Define New
Sys. Function
2.1.3
Registrars
2.4
2..5
Write Funct.
Specification
2.1.4
CEO
Negotiate
Func. Spec.
2.1.5
Accountant
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-16
IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
When Do You
Stop?
Some person (or group for larger project) can take responsibility
for the task, or to accomplish the activities involved
You can get rough estimate of the effort (person days) needed to
perform the activity (or activities involved)
You can schedule the task
The task must be small and able to be completed
Analyses
Existing Sys.
Estimate (person-day)
Registration
System
Warehouse
System
CEO’s
Business
Accountant’s
Business
Documents
Data
Flow
2
2
1
1
3
2
Total 11 days
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-17
IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
Mind-Mapping Approach
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IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-19
IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-20
IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
Intranet WBS in Tabular Form
1.0 Concept
1.1 Evaluate current systems
1.2 Define Requirements
1.2.1 Define user requirements
1.2.2 Define content requirements
1.2.3 Define system requirements
1.2.4 Define server owner requirements
1.3 Define specific functionality
1.4 Define risks and risk management approach
1.5 Develop project plan
1.6 Brief Web development team
2.0 Web Site Design
3.0 Web Site Development
4.0 Roll Out
5.0 Support
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-21
IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
Intranet WBS and Gantt Chart in Project 2000
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-22
IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-23
IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
The person responsible for the plan (probably the project manager for a small to mid
sized project) then
ACTIVITY
collate all the estimate and precedent, as follows
EFFORT
PRECEDENTS
Definition
20
-
Analysis
35
Definition
Design
25
Analysis
Program A (Control)
20
Design
Program B (Registration)
30
Design
Program C (Warehouse)
25
Design
System Test
10
Program A, B, C
Documentation
20
Design
Acceptance
5
System Test, Documentation
Training
10
Documentation
Operation
10
Acceptance
TOTAL
210
Network
Diagram
Note:
This example only the progranning had sub-component. If there are any subcomponent of any other major activity avaliable, they would also be listed
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IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
Network Diagram
PGMB
30
Precedence Network
OPER
10
PGMB
30
STRT
0
DEF
20
ANAL
35
DES
25
PGMB
30
SYS TST
10
ACC
5
OPER
10
END
PGMB
30
Another Format …..
Activity on Arrow
1
0
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-25
IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
Critical Path Method
10 + 5
0 + 10
15 + 6
3
15
21 + 5
5 day
1
0
2
21?
6 day
10
6
10 + 3
10 day
20?
13 + 4
21
7
26
5 day
17 + 3
3 day
3 day
4
13
5
17
4 day
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-26
IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
Critical Path Method
3
15
15
5 day
1
0
0
2
10 day
10
10
10 ?
6 day
15 - 5
6
21 - 6
21
21
7
5 day
26
26
11 ?
10 - 10
3 day
4
14
14 - 3
3 day
13
5
4 day
17
18
26 - 5
21 - 3
18 - 4
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-27
IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
Critical Path Method
3
15
15
5 day
1
0
0
2
10 day
6 day
10
10
6
3 day
4
7
5 day
26
26
3 day
13
14
21
21
5
4 day
17
18
Project Duration : 26 day
: Critical path
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-28
IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Rational Unified Process
SPM Plan
Suplement
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-29