Transcript SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED
DISEASES (STDS)
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STD)
• What is a sexually transmitted disease (STD)?
It is an infection or disease that can be passed
from person to person through sexual contact.
HOW DO YOU GET AN STD?
• You can get and pass STDs through vaginal,
anal, or oral sex.
• Some STDs cause no symptoms. But STDs can
still be passed from person to person even if
there are no symptoms.
CAN STDS CAUSE HEALTH PROBLEMS?
• Each STD causes different health problems,
overall, they can cause cervical cancer and other
cancers, liver disease, pelvic inflammatory disease,
infertility, pregnancy problems, and other
complications.
• Some STDs increase your risk of getting HIV/AIDS.
HOW ARE STDS TREATED?
• The treatment depends on the type of STD. For
some STDs, treatment may involve taking
medicine or getting a shot.
• For other STDs that can’t be cured, like herpes,
but there is treatment to relieve the symptoms.
HOW TO PREVENT FROM STD
• Be faithful
• Use condoms during sexual intercourse
• Know that some methods of birth control, like
birth control pills, shots, implants, will not protect
you from STDs.
• Talk frankly with your doctor or nurse and your
partner (husband or wife) about any STDs you
or your partner have or had. Try not to be
embarrassed.
• Have a regular pelvic exams.
GONORRHOEA
• Gonorrhoea is only transmitted during sexual
intercourse.
• It caused by Neisseria gonorrhea, bacteria that can
only survive inside the moist, warm areas like the
reproductive tract, cervix, womb, fallopian tubes in
women and the urethra in both males and females.
Neisseria gonorrhea
THE SYMPTOMS
• Symptoms are often mild, but most women have no
symptoms. Even when women have symptoms, they can
sometimes be mistaken for a bladder or another vaginal
infection.
Symptoms are:
• pain or burning when urinating
• yellowish and sometimes bloody vaginal discharge
• bleeding between menstrual periods
• If the bacteria spread to the bloodstream, they can infect
the joints, heart valves, or the brain.
• An infected woman who is pregnant may pass the
infection to her infant as the baby passes through the
birth canal during delivery.
TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF GONORRHEA
• Treatment for uncomplicated gonorrhea consists of
antibiotics.
• Prevention of Gonorrhea :
All sexually active persons should consider using
latex condoms to prevent STDs and HIV infection.
Talk openly with your partner about STDs.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
• The HIV is a human pathogen that was identified
in 1980s.
• The virus enters human cells and uses the cell to
make more viruses which then enter even more
cells.
• HIV infection may lead to the development of
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
• If someone has been infected with HIV it means
he is being HIV+
• The virus weakens the immune system that makes
him easier to be infected by other diseases such as
TB and pneumonia.
• People who do not have HIV are described as HIV.
HIV and lymphocytes
• HIV attacks and destroy the lymphocytes
(coordinate the immune system).
• During HIV infection, the number of T
lymphocytes decreases and lessen the
production of antibodies
• HIV+ people will develop diseases, as well
as cancers because the immune system
does not recognise and destroy the
diseases
The symptoms
• The symptoms of AIDS:
1. Swollen glands and a body high temperature
2. Extreme weight loss
3. Various types of cancer
4. A decrease in brain function
Not all HIV+ people develop AIDS. Some people
remain HIV+, but without any symptoms at all.
Treatment of AIDS and HIV Infection
• Although there is no cure for AIDS and as yet no
vaccine for HIV.
• The treatments are:
• taking anti-viral drugs, to prevent the virus
multiplying inside the body’s cells.
• Take antibiotics to treat bacterial and fungal
infections that they have.
• Since HIV infection cannot be cured, it is important
to prevent the transmission of the virus
The prevention
• Methods to reduce the HIV/AIDS transmission
are:
• The use of condom during sexual intercourse
• Free needle exchange schemes to reduce the
use of shared needles amongst drug users
• Careful screening of donated blood used for
transfusions.
Summary questions
• What is the difference between AIDS and HIV?
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Why can gonorrhoea be treated by antibiotic while AIDS
can not?
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