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Renewable Energy
IN CHINA
Ni Weidou
2004.5
Mtce
Coal
Oil
Nature Gas
Nuclear Power
New and Renewable Energy
year
The Forecast of Energy Demand and
the Transformation of Energy Structure(1998-2050)
China is rich in wind energy resource, according
to the data collected from more than 900
meteorological stations, it is estimated that
nationwide total wind potential on land at 10m
height would be 3.2TW, among them 253GW
considered technical available to be utilized, in
addition, 750GW were estimated for offshore,
thus 1TW in total. Consider the modern wind
turbine hub height is more than 50m, the above
estimation maybe doubled. The areas with
abundant wind energy resource mainly in
northern China, southeast coastal line and
vicinity islands.
Existent wind farms
Projected wind farms
Location of Existent and Some Projected Wind Farms in China
Above 200W/m2 (High)
150~200W/m2
100~150W/m2
50~100W/m2
Below 50W/m2 (Low)
The Wind Energy Resource in China
1. Wind Utilization
By the end of 2003:
Total installed capacity: 567MW
Total turbines (>30kW): 1042
Total wind farms: 40 in 14 provinces
Largest unit capacity: 1500kW
Average unit capacity in 2003: 748kW
1. Wind Utilization
Total Installed Capcity by the End of 2003
Installed Capacity (MW)
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
Year
98
99
00
01
02
03
1. Wind Utilization
Yearly Installed Capacity by the End of 2003
Installed Capacity (MW)
100.00
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
Year
98
99
00
01
02
03
1. Wind Utilization
Provincial Wind Capacity
Liaoning
Xinjiang
Inner Mongolian
Guangdong
Zhejiang
Jilin
Shandong
Gansu
Hebei
Fujian
Ningxia
Hainan
Heilongjiang
Shanghai
1. Wind Utilization
Market Shares
Others
29%
NEG Micon
29%
Goldwind
9%
Nordex
16%
Vestas
17%
1. Wind Utilization
Wind Farm in Dabancheng, Xinjiang
2. Wind Manufacturing
Major Wind Turbine Manufacturers
Manufacturer
Products
% of Total
Capacity
% of Domestic
Made Capacity
Goldwind
600kW
750kW
8.8%
57.6%
Xian-Nordex
600kW
3.7%
24.1%
Zhejiang Windy
250kW
750kW
1.1%
7.1%
Wandian
660kW
2.8%
6.1%
Yituo-Made
660kW
0.9%
6.1%
2. Wind Manufacturing
Shares of Domestic & Imported Turbines in 2003
Domestic
33%
Imported
67%
3. Wind Planning & Policy
Estimates of Wind Power Development
7000
6000
5000
Current
policy
4000
3000
Envirnmt.
Drive
2000
1000
0
2000
2005
2010
2015
3. Wind Planning & Policy
2001-2005: Wind survey for 4000MW capacity
Wind assessment on offshore shallow
sea areas
By 2005 : 1000MW
2006-2010: 3000MW
A demostration offshore wind farm
3. Wind Planning & Policy
Wind Power Concessions Projects
Aim: Lowering wind cost
Size: 100MW
Procedure: tending
Projects: 2003:Huilai in Guangdong
Rudong in Jiangsu
2004:Second phase of Rudong in Jiangsu
Tongyu in Jilin
Huitengxile in Inner Mongolia
25000
20000
MW
20000
15000
10000
5000
4000
344.8
1200
0
2000
2005
2010
2015
year
The Planned Capacity of Wind Power in China
2020
3. Wind Planning & Policy
Current Incentive Policies
•
Approval procedure: 50MW by provincial NDRC
•
VAT: 17% to 8.5%
•
Income tax: 33% to 15%
•
Loan: payback period from 7 years to 15 years
Outline of Wind Power Project
Detailed wind power resource out their
distribution in China, onshore and offshore
Present situation of wind power in China
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Utilization (off gird and grid connected)
Manufacture capability
Market share of domestic and foreign companies
Outline of Wind Power Project
Future of wind power in China
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Roadmap of development
Market forecast
Barriers of development
New technology trends
Key problems and issues of development
Outline of Wind Power Project
Legistration and policy requirements
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Tax
Renewable Portfolio Standard
Concession Approach of wind power
Preferential policies for wind power in
Denmark, Germany, India, USA, UK… and
other countries
Relationship between wind power and
electricity sector reform
Outline of Wind Power Project
Concession Approach of wind approach
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Content of Concession Approach
Opportunity of foreign companies
Cooperation modes
Case study of wind power concession
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For already approved project
For projects in planning stage
Biomass
1. Straw and stock resources are about 700
mil. tons, equivalent to 300 mil. tce
Feature: highly scattered, very difficult for
collection; the radius of economically feasible
collection area is less than 5 km
Several ways of utilization
Gasification  for cooking and power generation,
problems: tar blockage, high CO content
Gasification  methanol, DME, small scale, relative low
efficiency, economically is not feasible
Rapid pyrolysis – raw fuel liquid, scale, shortage of
skilled operators
Biomass (contd)
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For making solid particles
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2. Biofuel
Large consumption of energy for forming
New method of forming, about 30 kWh per ton (heating
value about 60% of ce)
Onsite production and onsite utilization as alternative to
coal (especially designed portable machine and stoves)
Great development of biofuel industry over the
last ten plus years, production capacity of EU
more than 1 mil. tons in 2001
Recently, R&D on biofuel has been undertaken in
many domestic universities and institutes. In
2001, a production base of 10,000 tons annual
yield was built in Wu’an city, Hebei Province
Biomass (contd)
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Advantages of biofuel
 Ease the pressure of oil import
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In the near term, use depleted edible oil and oilcontaining biomass as feedstock
In the medium term, use farm and forest crops in
scaled plantation
 Lower the emission of vehicle exhaust, also
particles and smoke intensity
 Synergetic utilization of resources
 Favor the adjustment of agriculture structure,
increase the income of peasants
Solar energy
Evolution of Photovoltaic (PV) Cell
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First generation PV cell – Silicon Crystal PV, about
90% of international market, very costly –
domestic 30~35 RMB/Wp
Second generation PV cell – Thin Film PV (TFPV),
in the transition stage from R&D to scaled
production.
 The most promising are cadmium telluride TFPV and
Cadmium-Indium-Selenium TFPV, which are also the key
topic of national “863” project
 In 2003, cadmium telluride multi-crystal TFPV, developed
by Sichuan University, achieved the conversion efficiency
of 13.38%. Dye-sensitized TiO2 TFPV reached 7%
efficiency.
Thank you!!!