Transcript Chapter 3 Hormones and Sexuality

Chapter 4
Similarities and Differences in our
Sexual Responses
Measurement of Sexual Responses
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Masters and Johnson
recorded over 10,000
sexual episodes leading to
orgasm in the 1960s.
How did they do that?
Were subjects’ responses affected by
the equipment?
Personal Reflections
Do you think it is important that we know the
physiological responses that normally occur
during sexual arousal?
Is it important that physicians and therapists
have this information?
What do you think about studies that require
observing and recording individuals
engaged in sex?
Models of Sexual Response
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Masters and Johnson – four phases
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Helen Kaplan – three phases
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Feminist Scholars – singular focus on
genitals
Male Sexual Response Models
Male Sexual Response begins…
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Desire
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Vasocongestive response
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Excitement phase (men)
Neural Mechanisms of Erection
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Reflex center receives
input caused by
stimulation to penis
Smooth muscles of
penis relax, allowing
for vasocongestion
Second erection
center receives input
from brain
More About Male Excitement
Myotonia
Heart rate and blood
pressure increases
Scrotum thickens and
spermatic cord shortens
Testicles engorge with
blood
Nipple erections occur in
some men
Plateau Phase in Men
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High sexual
arousal
Penis and testicles
become larger
Cowper’s glands
secrete clear fluid
25% of men
experience sextension flush
Male Orgasm: Intense Physical
Sensation and Pleasure
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Emission stage
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Expulsion (ejaculation) stage
Is orgasm just a genital thing?
What do you think?
Male Resolution Phase
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Return to unaroused state
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Physiological responses drop below plateau
levels and into excitement level
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Refractory period
Women’s Sexual Response Cycle
For many women, sexual desire is motivated
less by biological urges than it is by
relationship and intimacy needs!
Individual differences
Models of Female Sexual Response
Excitement Phase in Women
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Vaginal lubrication from
vasocongestion
Labia engorges and
vaginal walls balloon
Cervix and uterus pull
upward
Clitoris engorges
Nipples react
Plateau Phase in Women
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“Orgasmic platform”
Outer vagina narrows
Sex flush of skin
Clitoris pulls back
beneath clitoral hood.
Breast areola swells
Secretion of vaginal
lubrication slows
Orgasm and Resolution in Women
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Subjective feelings of
orgasm similar to male
Rhythmic contractions of
specific tissues
Some women
experience true multiple
orgasms
Internal View of Female Sexual
Response
Variability of Female Sexual Response
Do
women
really
have
multiple
organism
?
Personal Reflections
Do you judge your sexual experiences by your
ability to reach orgasms or your frequency of
orgasm? Your partner’s orgasm? Why?
Many women do not experience orgasm during
sexual intercourse. How do you think they
feel about it? How would you feel if it were
you?
Is it necessary to have an orgasm to enjoy sex?
Controversies About Orgasms
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Non-orgasm percentage
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Orgasms with simultaneous clitoral
stimulation
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Biological and psychological effects and
subjective feelings of intensity and pleasure
The Grafenberg “Spot” and Female
Ejaculation
The “Liberated Orgasm”: Any Orgasm
a Woman Likes
Types of orgasm:
• Tenting; resulting from clitoral stimulation
• A-frame, resulting from G-Spot stimulation
• Blended
• Cervical
Female Genital Cutting
Prevalence
WHO estimates
Type
Sunna circumcision or excision
Infibulation (phraonic circumcision)
Rationale
Patriarchal culture; elimination of female sexual
desire; reduction of infidelity
Personal Reflections
What was your reaction to reading about female genital
mutilation in some African and Islamic cultures?
What is your view about male circumcision in the United
States?
What about breast augmentation operations?
We do not mutilate women’s genitals in this country to
deny them their sexuality. Do we deny women’s
sexuality in other ways? How?
Can men have multiple orgasms?
Masters and Johnson model
• “Mini-orgasms” by withholding ejaculation
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Wet and dry orgasms
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Individual variability
Penis Size: Does It Matter?
Women’s preferences
(or non-preferences)
X-rated entertainment
and insecurity in
normal men
Penis size and ethnicity
Personal Reflections (men)
Do you wish you had a different-sized or
different-shaped penis? How would you like
it to be different? Why?
Should the size of a man’s penis be an
important factor in sexually pleasing a
partner?
Aphrodisiacs and Anaphrodisiacs
More about Drugs Taken for Their
Supposed Aphrodisiac Effects…
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XTC (MDMA)
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“Sextasy” (Viagra plus XTC)
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Yohimbine
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Pheromone perfumes
People with Disabilities
Personal Reflections
If you were to have an accident and become
physically disabled, do you think you would
still want to hug, hold, kiss, and share
affection (and have sex, if possible) with
your partner?
How do you presently react when you see a
person with disabilities engaging in these
behaviors?