Transcript Business 3 Template

High Efficiency Dehumidification
System (HEDS)
Real World, Persistent Energy Savings
and Humidity Control for Your Facility
February 2010 - International Colloquium
on Environmentally Preferred Advanced
Power Generation (ICEPAG)
Efficiency/Savings vs. Larger Generation/Storage
 Based on cost figures we have seen, it seems to be less expensive
to save energy thru energy efficient design and operation of
facilities, than it is to build larger power generation and energy
storage systems to provide energy to a wasteful facility.
 Proper selection of the energy efficiency strategies can yield comfort
and productivity benefits, as well as energy consumption reductions.
 Depending upon the size of the system being deployed and the site
there may be many very cost effective energy efficiency solutions
that can be deployed.
 System designs that include the High Efficiency Dehumidification
System (HEDS), Variable Speed Everything (VSE) and the Load
Based Optimization System (LOBOS) may be cost effectively
implemented.
High Efficiency Dehumidification System (HEDS)
 Billions of dollars in damage occurs each year due to biological growth
caused by high RH in facilities.
 Each year, hundreds of millions of dollars in energy costs is wasted
due to inadequately designed or operated dehumidification systems.
 High RH can be caused by the desire to save energy by reducing the
dehumidification and re-heat load on the system, or by systems that
are not designed to provide non-saturated cooling supply air to the
conditioned spaces.
 Typically installed dehumidification systems can either be very costly
to purchase and install and maintenance intensive, or very costly to
operate properly.
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High Efficiency Dehumidification System (HEDS)
 The Patent-Pending HEDS system addresses all of these issues.
 The High Efficiency Dehumidification System can reduce peak day
energy consumption by 28% (high loads, DOAS, tropical areas) to
70% (low loads, VAV, humid areas), while dramatically improving
chiller plant and boiler plant efficiency on an annual basis.
 Combining Variable Speed Everything (VSE) design strategies with
Load Based Optimization System (LOBOS) Controls, and HEDS can
reduce facility energy consumption far beyond typical design and
operation strategies, while reducing the RH to reduce the potential for
biological damage to occur.
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High Efficiency Dehumidification System (HEDS)
 The HEDS equipment and operational design was invented partially in
response to a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers request to help them solve
biological, construction cost, maintenance cost and energy cost
problems that plague many of their facilities.
 The HEDS inventor is a Registered Professional Engineer and a
“Subject Matter Expert” (SME) for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on
fourteen different energy efficiency, Net Zero Energy and biological
control topics and has provided training to Engineers from around the
world on these topics.
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High Efficiency Dehumidification System (HEDS)
 The HEDS dehumidification/reheat equipment can operate with two-pipe
or four-pipe systems, and with chilled water supply temperatures to the
units as high as 52°F, while still providing 55°F dew point supply air
temperatures with 65°F to 68°F dry bulb temperatures.
 Standard sizes of 200 CFM to over 100,000 CFM can be provided.
Larger and smaller units can be built as required.
 Colder air temperatures and lesser or greater reheat capabilities are also
inherent in the HEDS design.
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HEDS Rough Order of Magnitude Savings
Chip Fab
 We performed a top level evaluation of a Chip Fabrication facility
(300 mm wafers) and the following results were found. The
comparison is between the current design and operation and the
design and operation of the system if it used the High Efficiency
Dehumidification System (HEDS) for dehumidification and reheat,
the Load Based Optimization System for chiller plant optimization,
and Variable Speed Everything for the chiller plant designs.
 For reference, the facility uses approximately 1,000,000 CFM of
make up air, 24/7/365. We used an effective average electric cost of
$0.10 in this example, and $0.60 per therm of natural gas, along
with an assumed effective boiler system efficiency of 80%.
HEDS Rough Order of Magnitude Savings
Chip Fab
 The natural gas savings associated with the use of the HEDS
system is calculated to be 745,000 Therms per year, equal to
$447,000 per year at the $0.60 per Therm rate.
 The electrical savings associated with the use of the HEDS system
is calculated to be 4,781,000 kWh per year, equal to $478,000 per
year at the $0.10 per kWh rate.
 Total savings for the use of the HEDS system is calculated to
be $925,000 per year for this site.
 On a new construction basis, integrating the HEDS system into the
design would most likely result in a construction cost wash, as there
are cost offsets that would cover the cost of the HEDS system.
LOBOS/VSE Rough Order of Magnitude Savings
Chip Fab
 The electrical savings associated with the use of the Load Based
Optimization System (LOBOS) and Variable Speed Everything
(VSE) design strategies system is calculated to be 27,367,000 kWh
per year, equal to $2,736,700 per year at the $0.10 per kWh rate.
 On a new construction basis, integrating the LOBOS and VSE system
into the design would most likely result in a simple payback period of
less than six months, as there are cost offsets that would cover the cost
of the LOBOS/VSE systems.
 On a retrofit basis, the simple payback periods typically range from 3 to
5 years, although on a project of this magnitude and 24/7 operation, it is
expected that the simple payback period would be in the 1-3 year range.
Cost estimates have not yet been developed for the retrofit project.
HEDS/LOBOS/VSE Summary for a Chip Fab
 For the previously described chip fab, the savings are pretty
substantial, and the simple payback periods are very short,
especially if the systems are integrated into the design from the
beginning.
HEDS for Turbine Air Inlet Cooling (TIC)
 The High Efficiency Dehumidification System can play a pivotal
role in improving the heat rate and power output of gas turbine
generators on peak load days.
 Depending upon ambient conditions, the heat rates can be improved
by 5% to 10%, and the overall power output can be improved by
20% to near 30% if proper inlet air conditions are provided to the
turbine.
 Many TIC systems are not equipped with any form of reheat, so they
must run the air temperatures higher than would be required if there
were a cost effective source of reheat energy to eliminate potential
problems associated with cold, saturated air at the turbine inlet.
HEDS for Turbine Air Inlet Cooling (TIC)
 Running the air into a turbine at saturated conditions can have
disastrous consequences, if the air temperature is dropped too low.
 The air pressure can drop as much as 4” WC at the air inlet on
some turbines, creating the potential for ice crystals to develop
that can damage the turbine blades.
 Providing a stable source of inlet air at 40°F to 45°F and 85% RH (or
colder with some system types) can produce very impressive
performance gains.
 HEDS and Variable Speed Everything (VSE) design strategies
can cut the energy required to provide 45°F, 85% RH air
streams into a turbine by over 40%.
HEDS for Turbine Air Inlet Cooling (TIC)
 If Thermal Energy Storage is used to reduce on-peak parasitic
electrical loads, the TES system capacity can be increased by
approximately 25%, while the energy consumed in the cooling
generation process, can be trimmed by over 40%, utilizing HEDS,
VSE and TES with the Load Based Optimization System (LOBOSD)
chiller plant optimization strategy..
 Because there is minimal reheat required to get the 40°F air to be
85% RH vs. 100% saturated, the HEDS system only reduces
cooling loads by approximately 4% or less.
High Efficiency Dehumidification System (HEDS)
Design Entering
Air Conditions
HIGH EFFICIENCY
DEHUMIDIFICATION
SYSTEM (HEDS)
10,000 CFM
78 F Dry bulb
65 F Wet bulb
Design Leaving
Air Conditions
10,000 CFM
65 F Dry bulb
55 F Dew point
 Supply air temperature is 10°F above the dew point temperature,
recirculating VAV system shown.
 For DOAS-HEDS, the supply air dry bulb temperature can be 20°F
above the dew point temperature.
 Supplying non-saturated air to a space, properly distributed, can
reduce the potential for biological growth.
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High Efficiency Dehumidification System (HEDS)
Variable Volume System Performance Comparison
"Normal HVAC" vs. "HEDS"
Entering Conditions
Leaving Conditions
% Design CFM
DB
WB
DB
Dew point
100%
78
65
65.1
55
75%
77
64.5
65.7
55
50%
76
64
67.2
55
25%
75
63
68.1
55
% Design CFM
Normal AHU System
Chiller Plant Load + Reheat
Energy (BTUH)
High Efficiency Dehumidification
System (HEDS)
Chiller Plant Load + Reheat Energy
(BTUH)
HEDS %
Energy
Savings
100%
460013
219240
52%
75%
340795
148330
56%
50%
227500
81250
64%
25%
108160
30400
72%
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High Efficiency Dehumidification System (HEDS)
DOAS Performance Comparison – Tropical Conditions
"Normal DOAS" vs. "HEDS-DOAS“
Entering Conditions
Leaving Conditions
CHWS
Temperature
at Unit
DB
WB
DB
Dew point
45°F
98
82
65
45
CHWS
Temperature
at Unit
Normal DOAS System
Chiller Plant Load + DX Subcooling + Reheat Energy (BTUH)
High Efficiency Dehumidification
System (HEDS-DOAS)
Chiller Plant Load + DX
Sub-cooling + Reheat Energy
(BTUH)
45°F
1561813
1126150
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HEDS %
Energy
Savings
28%
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High Efficiency Dehumidification System (HEDS)
High Efficiency Dehumidification System Energy Savings @ 100% Reheat to 65F/68F
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1
2
Percent of Design Airflow
3
4
Percent of Cooling and Re-heat Energy Saved
 High Efficiency Dehumidification System Energy Savings vs. Design Airflow @
100% reheat to 65F/68F
 Savings in comparison to a typical VAV-reheat system, using natural gas fired hot
water heaters as the re-heat energy source.
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High Efficiency Dehumidification System (HEDS)
HEDS can be readily applied to the following facility types:
• Commercial Office Space, Retail
Space
• Hospitals
• Barracks, DFACs, Other Military
Facilities
• Aircraft Hangars
• Detention Facilities
• Other Government Facilities
• Data Centers
• Labs
• Clean Rooms
• Manufacturing
• University Campuses, K-12
Facilities, Community Colleges
• Libraries
• Museums
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• Chip Fabrication Facilities
• HVAC Systems Using Dedicated
Outdoor Air Systems
• HVAC Systems Using Under-Floor
Air Distribution Systems
• Chilled-Beam Systems
• Radiantly-Cooled Facilities
• Casinos
• Convention Centers, Hotels
• Churches, Religious Meeting Places
• Ships/Naval Vessels
• Most Facilities Requiring
Non-saturated Supply Air to Reduce
Potential For Biological Growth, or
for Space Relative Humidity Control
• Turbine Air Inlet Cooling
Scot M. Duncan, P.E. Proprietary & Confidential. Not for Distribution.
18
Scot M. Duncan, P.E.
Retrofit Originality Incorporated
Office: (949) 370-8582
Fax: (949) 830-4114
[email protected]