Transcript Settling the Middle Colonies

Settling the Middle Colonies
Unit 3 Chapter 6 Lesson 1
Pages 224-230
Objectives
Identify the location of the Middle Colonies and the people
who founded them.
Describe how religion affected the founding of the colonies.
Overview
King Charles II – has established the New England Colonies
and colonies in the South
There is a section of land in the middle claimed by the
Dutch.
He wants this land!
Middle Colonies
New York
New Jersey
Delaware
Pennsylvania
Farming Land
Flat plains, rolling hills, grassy meadows, and thick forests
Better for farming than in the New England Colonies
Long summers and good rain amounts
Crops: Wheat, Corn, and Rye
The FERTILE LAND caused the middle colonies to become known as
“The Breadbasket” colonies
Water Sources
Several large harbors along the Atlantic Ocean
Harbors were connected to the regions waterways: Hudson
& Delaware Rivers
Rivers went far inland making trade easier
This attracted many colonists to the region
The Netherlands
Remember: The Dutch controlled New Netherland (Hudson
Valley – New York)
Dutch did not come to the new world
Life was prosperous in the Netherlands unlike in England
where there was religious conflict and economic turmoil
A New Leader
Dutch West India Company – controlled New Netherland
Sent Peter Stuyvesant as the new leader to increase profits
and govern the colony
1650 – he expanded into New Jersey and Delaware, but still
needed more people
New Colonists
Dutch West India Company opened up their colony to many
people:
Belgium
Denmark
France
Italy
Spain
New settlers included the first group of Jews
Africans in New Netherland
Enslaved Africans also were in the colony
Some were free, but had to pay yearly to stay free
1660 – Stuyvesant gave land on Manhattan to about 40
former enslaved people
This land became New Netherland’s first community of
FREE AFRICANS
English want control
1664 – King Charles II gave his brother James, the Duke of
York the land between Maine and the Delaware River
This land included New Netherland
WAR???
The Duke of York sent 4 warships to take over New
Netherland
Stuyvesant wanted to fight, but the colonist did not want to
due to lack of people and gun powder
Stuyvesant surrendered New Netherland to the English
without a gun shot being fired.
Dutch Colony Split
New York
Duke of York keeps for himself
New Amsterdam becomes NYC
Dutch stayed and were
promised fair treatment
New Jersey
The Duke gives NJ to his
friends, John Berkeley and
George Carteret
Offer land at low prices
Most that come are with the
Quakers known as the “Society
of Friends”
Quakers
Believed ALL people were equal
Refused to fight in wars or swear loyalty to any king
Thousands of Quakers were forced to leave England
1674- group bought land from Berkeley and found Salem, NJ 
The first Quaker settlement
Pennsylvania and Delaware
1681 – King Charles II gave a charter to William Penn, an
English Quaker
Penn was the proprietor (or owner) of what is now
Pennsylvania
A New Plan of Government (PA)
Penn got the land due to money owed his father
Pennsylvania = Penn’s Woods
Penn wanted all people to live peacefully in PA
He wanted Native American’s to be treated with JUSTICE
Pennsylvania Government
1682 – wrote by Penn THE FRAME
OF GOVENRMENT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
The plan set up a legislature called
the General Assembly
Later wrote Pennsylvania Charter of
Privileges – allowed white men to
elect representatives to the Assembly
Citizens had the following
privileges:
Freedom of speech
Freedom of religion
Right to a fair trial by a jury
Trial By Jury -group of citizen
decides if a person is guilty or
innocent of the crime
Delaware
Duke of York gave Penn control of the land that makes up
Delaware in 1682
Penn gave the colony its own assembly in 1704
Relations with Native Americans
Penn wanted to live together in peace with the Native
Americans
1682 – met with TAMANEND and other Lenni Lenape
leaders
Penn paid them for the land that King Charles had given
him
He built long lasting relationships with the Native Americans
The first Quaker settlement in North
America was founded here.
NEW JERSEY
William Penn was the proprietor of
Pennsylvania and this colony?
DELAWARE
James, Duke of York, gave this land to
John Berkeley and George Carteret.
NEW JERSEY
William Penn’s frame of government
for this colony gave its citizens
important rights.
PENNSYLVANIA
Before its name was changed, it was the
Dutch colony of New Netherland.
NEW YORK
What geographical advantage helped the
Middle Colonies become known as the
“breadbasket” colonies?
FERTILE SOIL
“Many Quakers settled in the Middle
Colonies in hopes of finding a refuge”
What does the word refuge mean in this
sentence?
A SAFE PLACE
What was Pennsylvania’s document of selfgovernment?
THE FRAME OF GOVERNMENT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Which Native American leader did
William Penn form a long-lasting peace?
TAMANEND
Why were the port cities important in the
Middle Colonies?
MAJOR TRADE CENTERS
Why is New York City a good location for
a port?
See map on page 229
It was built on the mouth of the Hudson River, on New
York Harbor
What is one right or freedom that William
Penn gave colonists in Pennsylvania?
FREEDOM OF SPEECH
FREEDOM OF RELIGION
THE RIGHT OT A TRIAL BY JURY
What is one major difference between the
Middle colonies and the New England
colonies?
MIDDLE COLONIES WERE HOME TO A MIX OF
RELIGIOUS GROUPS. NEW ENGLAND COLONIES
DID NOT PRACTICE RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE.