Transcript Dealing with technical barriers and standards : challenges

DEALING WITH TECHNICAL BARRIERS
AND STANDARDS
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
FOR STANDARDISATION IN THE
REGION
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
ISSUES FOR THE REGION
WHAT - Understanding standards and
standardisation in context of regional and
international trade
WHY – Factoring the increasing importance
of standards to facilitate development and
gain economic advantage, in strategic
planning.
HOW – Application for benefit to Caribbean
countries
Implications of failing
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
WHAT:STANDARDISATION
Why the CARICOM Regional
Organisation for Standards and
Quality (CROSQ) was established
The relationship between Standards,
Trade Facilitation and Economic
Development
The Link between the National,
Regional and International processes
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
WHY CROSQ WAS ESTABLISHED
WHAT IS CROSQ?
The CARICOM Regional Organisation for
Standards and Quality is:
An intergovernmental (Caribbean
Community) organisation
Established in December 2002 by the
Treaty of Chaguaramas, which established
the Caribbean Community, CARICOM in
1973.
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
DEVELOPMENT ROADMAP
1975 - 2002
The Caribbean
Common Market
Standards
Council)
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
2002 - 2003
Agreement
Establishing
CROSQ signed by
Governments
2003 - 2006
CROSQ Secretariat
in place;
Regional Quality
Infrastructure
(RQI) being
established
2006 - 2009
International
Recognition of the
RQI (MSTQ
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CROSQ FACILITATING TRADE &
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Conformity assessment mechanisms are generally
referred to as the Quality Infrastructure (QI):
‘The organisations, structures and
systems for the regulatory and
harmonising activities in countries; and
activities that conform to stated
requirements (including - laws,
regulations, standards and contracts)..’
RQI = Regional Quality Infrastructure
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
GLOBAL STANDARDISATION MODEL..
FAILURE as NON CONFORMANCE
Conformity Assessment Procedures defined as -
‘..any procedure used directly or indirectly to determine that
relevant requirements in technical regulations or standards
are fulfilled..’.
Standards - embedded in market decision making as neutral
and objective indices for decision making
Certification - a mark of objective verification of compliance.
The agents of certification - the compliance gatekeepers
The certification process - based on standards to ensure
legitimacy across public and private sector boundaries
The certification mark - a mark of conformity which
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
enables mutual recognition.
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
STRATEGIC BUILDING BLOCKS IN
ESTABLISHING THE RQI
Quality
Testing
Standards
Metrology
Stakeholders in Region
CROSQ Processes and Support Systems (including IT)
Member States National Infrastructure
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
Government Relations
The CROSQ REGIONAL (RQI) Model
(Interdependent State Partnership Model)
Developing the
standards and technical
specifications
REGION’S
Publics /Civil
society
REGIONS
Private
Sector
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Ensuring
compliance with
mandatory
regulations
Ensuring participation
through policy and
training,
REGION’S
Member
States
Access of all
Member States
to Internationally
recognised
Regional
resources
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
Customers Wants Integrated Solutions
The CROSQ REGIONAL (RQI) Model
(Interdependent Resource Sharing Model)
Based on Regional Auditing,
Assessing & Verification
REGIONAL
Quality
Assurance
Mechanism
Implementation
at National
levels
REGIONAL
Standards
Infrastructure
REGIONAL
Testing
Infrastructure
Caribbean
testing
laboratories in
collaboration
REGIONAL
Metrology
Infrastructure
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Regional application of National competencies
with International recognition
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
RQI ESTABLISHED WITH SUPPORT FROM INTERNATIONAL
FUNDING & PARTNERSHIPS (CGPM, SADACSTAN,
CODEX, etc), THROUGH CROSQ: 2006 to 2009
2005- 2008
Harmonised
Regional Standards
Development
Infrastructure
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
2006- 2009
A recognised and
traceable Regional
Metrology
Infrastructure
2006 -2009
Establishing an
internationally
recognised
certification and
accreditation
mechanism
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
ISSUES FOR THE REGION, reminder..
WHAT - Understanding standards and
standardisation in context of regional and
international trade
WHY – Factoring the increasing importance
of standards to facilitate development and
gain economic advantage, in strategic
planning.
HOW – Application for benefit to Caribbean
countries
Implications of failing
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
REGIONAL STANDARDISATION…
HARMONISED REGIONAL QUALITY
INFRASTRUCTURE (RQI), and CONFORMITY
ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES
Definitions of ‘Standards’, ‘Standards
Related Matters’ and ‘their applications’
are harmonised with/equivalent to
international definitions and norms.
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
STANDARDISATION…
ARTICLE 1 of Agreement Establishing CROSQ
defines:
Standards - approved guidelines, rules,
or characteristics (Including terminology,
symbols, packaging, marking or
labelling), for products or related
processes and production methods, that
provide for common and repeated use.
Compliance is not mandatory
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
STANDARDISATION…
ARTICLE 1 defines:
Standards Related Matters - include
technical regulations, conformity
assessment procedures and metrology
Technical Regulations - specify product
characteristics or their related processes
and production methods, including
applicable administrative provisions,
terminology, symbols, packaging, marking or
labelling requirements
Compliance is mandatory
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CROSQ - a CARICOM RESPONSE
TO HARMONISATION
FOR ENSURING PARTICIPATION
FOR SUPPORTING TRANSPARENCY
TO MAKE MOSTOF SCARCE
TECHNICAL RESOURCES
FOR PROMOTING INTERNATIONAL
ACCEPTANCE OF THE REGIONAL
PROCESS
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
HARMONISATION: CROSQ
CROSQ – The CARICOM Regional
Organisation for Standards and Quality
An intergovernmental (Caribbean
Community) organisation
Established by the Treaty of
Chaguaramas (July 4,1973) revised to establish
the Caribbean Community, including the
CARICOM Single Market and Economy
(CSME)
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CROSQ: HARMONISATION &
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
The Agreement Establishing CROSQ (2002,
signed by Heads of Government of CARICOM):
PREAMBLE establishes the basis:
Region’s vulnerability to entry of substandard products
Implications for consumer welfare and the
environment;
Efficient operation of the CSME (CARICOM
Single Market and Economy)
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CROSQ: HARMONISATION &
COMPETITIVENESS
The Preamble …...
The international competitiveness of goods
and services produced or provided in the
Caribbean Community
Recognition by competent international
standardising organisations
Benefits to the Member States of the
Caribbean Community (eg. technical assistance)
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
ROLE OF CROSQ
The establishment and
harmonisation of standards for
the enhanced efficiency and
improved quality in the
production of goods and services
in the Community.
(Agreement Establishing CROSQ, signed by Heads
of Government of CARICOM, December 2001)
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
THE CROSQ MANDATE…
To support the establishment of the
CSME
To promote the development and
harmonisation of standards, metrology,
technical regulations
To promote the mutual recognition of
conformity assessment procedures
and accreditation/certification systems
based on internationally accepted
criteria
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
THE CROSQ MANDATE…
To promote consumer welfare and safety
To promote and protect the interests of
States Parties and Associate Members in
regional and international standardising
fora, including external negotiations;
To facilitate the achievement of
international competitiveness of regional
goods and services by fostering a culture
of quality in regional enterprises
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
THE CROSQ MANDATE…
To contribute to the preservation of the
environment and conservation of the
natural resources of the Community;
To promote awareness of standards
and standards-related matters in
governments, commerce, industry
and consumers
To facilitate trade
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
FACILITATING IMPLEMENTATION
CROSQ has full juridical personality
‘States Parties shall in their jurisdictions
accord to CROSQ the same capacity
accorded to legal persons under their
national laws, including the capacity to
contract, acquire, hold and transfer
property and to sue and be sued in its own
name…’
Agreement Establishing CROSQ; Article 14
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
THE CARIBBEAN
COMMUNITY
(The CARICOM Single
Market and Economy
(CSME))
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Member States
• Antigua & Barbuda
• The Bahamas
• Barbados
• Belize
• Dominica
• Grenada
• Guyana
• Haiti
• Jamaica
• Montserrat
• Saint Kitts and
Nevis
• Saint Lucia
• St. Vincent and the
Grenadines
• Suriname
• Trinidad and Tobago
Associate States
• Anguilla
• Bermuda
• British Virgin Islands
• Cayman Islands
• Turks and Caicos,
• Dominican Republic (ACS)
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
LIMITATIONS OFCOMMUNITY
RESOURCES
Member States at different economic
levels (Strongest in Trinidad and Tobago, the Bahamas,
Barbados)
High public debt levels, (92% of GDP in 2003,
up from 56% in 1997, exceeding 100% in Antigua,
Grenada, Dominica, Guyana, Jamaica and St. KittsNevis)
,
Slow economic growth (GDP growth was
estimated at between 5% and 2% in 2004)
Growing trade imbalances
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
COMMUNITY RESOURCES….
Realitively weak industrial base
Vulnerable service based economies
Lack of economies of scale and
Global structural reforms limiting advantage
CHARACTERISTICS OF SMALL ISLAND
STATES (SIDS)
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
USING STANDARDS TO
FACILITATE TRADE
Trade liberalization is related to
development of the capacity to meet
standards (for product, practices and processes)
The obligations of our Small Island
Developing States (SIDS) include
rules defined by -
WTO, FTAA, EU/EPA, CSME
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CARICOM CONFORMITY
ASSESSMENT IN CONTEXT OF TBT
The TBT Articles 5 and 6 refer inter alia to:
..
non discrimination and the prevention of
unnecessary obstacles to international
trade; harmonisation; transparency;
And Articles 7 to 9 refer to:
…local government bodies, non
governmental bodies and international
and regional systems
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CARICOM CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT ..
CARICOM conformity assessment procedures are
related to TBT Article 9 which deals with:
..international and regional systems ..
.. CROSQ is established as an Intergovernmental
Regional organisation, and shall support, inter alia:
Mutual recognition of the CARICOM
region’s conformity assessment
procedures and accreditation/ certification
systems
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CARICOM CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT ..
Conformity assessment procedures (TBT Annex 1.3)
Procedures for sampling, testing and
inspection;
Evaluation, verification and assurance of
conformity; and
Registration, accreditation and approval
To build trust/support confidence that the
products being traded conform to applicable
standards and technical regulations
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CARICOM CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT ..
Conformity assessment procedures (TBT Annex
1.3) based on…
Harmonisation (‘One standard one test..’, ‘One
certification, one time..’ to ensure ‘Portability of
certification..’)
Demonstrating
harmonisation/equivalence (The use of
common/similar procedures)
Transparency (Information requirements)
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Notification Obligations
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
FACILITATION:
SIDS and RULES OF TRADE
Trade liberalization is related to
development of the capacity to meet
standards (for product, practices and
processes).
Trade agreements may facilitate non
reciprocal trading arrangements
The international community will
assist SIDS, once they play by the
rules
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
FACILITATION:
The RULES
In support of a level, secure and predictable
cross border environment in which to do
business:
•Tariff reductions in manufactured products
•Reduction of agricultural protection &
elimination of quotas
•Safeguards, anti-dumping, countervailing duty
measures;
•Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs);
•Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property
Rights (TRIPS),
•General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)
customs valuation.
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
FACILITATION
RULES:
STANDARDS AS TOOLS (DEFINED RULES)
Standards used as reference
documents in national, regional and
international trade.
Standards developed transparently,
With input of all interested parties,
By a process of consensus
Process managed by standards
institutions operating at the national,
regional and international levels
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
TRADE FACILITATION:
WTO Agreements
WTO Rule
Agriculture
SPS
TBT
TRIPS
GATS
GATT
Issues
Infectious Disease
X
Food Safety
X
Tobacco Control
X
Environment
X
X
X
X
X
X
Access to Drugs
X
X
X
Health Services
X
Food Security
X
X
Biotechnology
X
X
X
X
X
Information Tech.
X
Traditional Knowledge
X
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
X
X
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
TRADE FACILITATION:
STRATEGIC SECTORS & STANDARDS
• ICT- Service/product (GAT/GATS)
•Trade investment – Service (processes
/practices) (TRIMS)
•Disaster management – Service/ product
•Environment - Service/product
•Food and agriculture – Service/ product
•Oceans; water – Service/product
•Energy - Service/product
•Health; Education – Service/product
•Culture diversity, traditions - Service/
product (TRIPS)
•Customs - Service/product
•Labour - Service/product
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
FACILITATION & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT:
STANDARDS AS ‘SOFT LAW’
Old approach international treaties (‘hard
law’) which impose conditionality on emerging
economies, eg.structural adjustment programmes.
New emphasis ‘soft law’ (regulations,
standards and norms) which are extensively
diffused and entrenched in transforming domestic
economic, social, and political governance
NB: The standardisation process is not new. What is new is
the pervasive imposition of standards across all sectors and in
Trade rules.
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
FACILITATION & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT:
STANDARDS AS ‘SOFT LAW’…
As entry requirements in a broad range of
international regimes and organisations
Accession partnership agreements in the EU –
domestic governance preconditions
-
Entry into the WTO..standards in respect of market
access, financial liberalistion and regulatory norms and
processes.
-
World Bank – rules of law and anticorruption
guidelines tied to lending
-
IMF data dissemination standards
-
Environmental Accords
-
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Labour treaties
Social standards
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
FACILITATION & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT:
Standards as ‘Soft Law’ - RESPONSIBILITIES
Trade agreements based on non binding commitments;
Compliance and delegation depend on the domestic authority;
Autonomous regulatory institutions manage the process THE STATE ROLE MOVES FROM GOVERNMENT (direct
intervention) TO GOVERNANCE (facilitatory intervention – with policy
separated from operations and services contracted to private sector)
THE PRIVATE SECTOR LEADS THE PROCESS
THE CONSUMER/BUYER DICTATES THE MARKET
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
GLOBAL STANDARDISATION MODEL..
IMPLICATIONS FOR FAILURE
Model managed by rules based on mutual
recognition
Globalisation - a microeconomic process to
ensure that domestic regulation fit or is
harmonised with the external international
process.
Thus with economic integration (CSME; WTO;
FTAA), failure to harmonise standards and
regulations blocks international recognition of
the domestic process
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
GLOBAL STANDARDISATION MODEL..
IMPLICATIONS FOR FAILURE
….Mutual recognition
Based on TRUST
Process of TRANSPARENCY
Process of INCLUSION and CONSENSUS
(Standards’ preparation must comply with the Code of Good
Practice for the Adoption and Application of Standards
(WTO/TBT Rules)
FAILURE LIMITS INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION
LIMITED INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION RESTRICTS
CROSS BORDER EXCHANGE OF GOODS AND SERVICES
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
ESTABLISHING THE REGIONAL QUALITY
INFRASTRUCTURE (eg. METROLOGY)
2004
Strengthening of
2004-2005
relationship
between CROSQ
Approval of projects to
2005
and CARIMET
deepen
Regional
(CROSQ responsible
Recognition of the
Technical Capacity
for Metrology)
Regional model
in Metrology
(CARICOM membership in
CGPM; CROSQ signs the
CGPM/CIPM MRA)
2006- 2009
Establishing an
internationally
recognised Regional
Metrology
Infrastructure
(With grant funding)
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
Thank you for your attention
CAMELLA RHONE
Executive Secretary, CROSQ
[email protected]
CSME Caribbean Connect
Barbados, 2006-06-30
Camella Rhone
Executive Secretary, CROSQ