Transcript Document

URBAN COAST INSTITUTE
COASTAL RESILIENCY
INDICATOR PROJECT
Urban Coast Institute
Monmouth University
September 10, 2008
7/18/2015
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
• Definition of coastal resilience
• Project goals and approach
WHAT IS RESILIENCE?
• The ability of a natural/human system to maintain its
structure and function in the event of a
hazard/disturbance
• The ability of a system to re-organize following
disturbance-driven change
(Louis Lebel, 2001)
COASTAL
HAZARDS/DISTURBANCES
• Episodic Events:
– e.g., resilience to hurricanes, tropical storms, etc.
• Chronic Conditions:
– e.g. sea level rise, erosion, etc.
AN EXAMPLE OF NATURAL RESILIENCE
(TO BEACH EROSION)
• Loss of summer berm to offshore zone during
winter storms
• Restoration by wave-induced transport during
summer
SOCIAL SYSTEM RESILIENCE
• Communities are also stressed by natural
hazards and chronic disturbances; communities
exacerbate natural hazards with development
• Communities can learn and adapt from past
experiences
AN EXAMPLE OF A RESILIENT COMMUNITY
• Preserves natural areas
• Guides development away from high hazard
areas
• Adopts hazard code standards
• Organizes emergency response networks
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESILIENCE
• Resistance to a hazard or disturbance
– e.g., build a levee to resist floods (artificial)
– e.g., add dune grass/fencing (natural)
• Restoring force (feedback)
– e.g., coastal processes (natural)
– hazard insurance, beach replenishment,
emergency response, etc. (social)
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESILIENCE
• Adaptability - learning from previous experience
– e.g., stricter building codes, managed retreat,
etc.
• Collaboration
– e.g., agency and stakeholder participation in
hazard mitigation planning
• Redundancy and Diversity
– e.g., multiple safeguards (not relying on only
one)
VULNERABILITY
• A characteristic that creates the potential for
harm
• A function of both EXPOSURE and SENSITIVITY
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO
VULNERABILITY (Cutter, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2008)
• Physical vulnerability-location
• Density of built environment
• Infrastructure
• Economic health
• Demographics
Project Goals:
• To identify core indicators of coastal
resiliency and vulnerability
• To design a coastal resilient community
framework
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Basic Approach:
• Establish hazard resilience baseline following Cutter
(2008) “A Framework for Measuring Coastal Hazard
Resilience in New Jersey Communities”
• Sets approach for establishing a hazard resilience
measurement baseline that can serve as a benchmark or
indicator for monitoring progress
Community Resilience Model
Social Vulnerability
• Social Vulnerability Index quantifies differences in
social vulnerability among places and census block
groups
Social Vulnerability
• Social Vulnerability Index Variables:
-ethnicity
-age
-number of people per household
-income
-education
Built Environment and
Infrastructure
• Variables:
-number of pre-1960 houses
-housing density
-commercial establishments
-lifelines (e.g. schools, hospitals)
-transportation
-wastewater treatment facilities
-historic landmarks, churches, etc.
Natural Systems and Exposure
• Variables
– FEMA 100-yr and 500-yr flood zone delineations
– Dune size
– Erosion rates
– Wetland areas
– Natural habitats
– Storm surge inundation areas
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Hazards Mitigation and Planning
for Resilience
• Community variable checklist & score:
 Emergency response plans
 Building standards, codes, enforcement
 Hazard mitigation plans
 Zoning
 Coastal setbacks
 Dune management
 NFIP
 TDR
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Constructing Community Resilience
Baseline
• Social Vulnerability + Built Environment
Vulnerability + Hazard Exposure – Resilience =
Community Resilience
Community Level Resilience
Example: Monmouth Beach
Example: Monmouth Beach
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Social Vulnerability (low)
Built Environment Vulnerability (high)
Hazard Exposure (high)
Resilience (measures have been taken to reduce
risk)
Community Resilience (additional measures are
necessary to increase resiliency)
FEMA FLOOD ZONE MAP FOR MONMOUTH BEACH
Old (1992) 100-year flood
zone boundary: Yellow Line
New 100-year flood zone
boundary: Blue Line
Example: Monmouth Beach
Source: NJ Beach Profile Network
Richard Stockton College
Example: Monmouth Beach
Source: NJ Beach Profile Network
Richard Stockton College
Example: Monmouth Beach
Source: NJ Beach Profile Network
Richard Stockton College
Example: Monmouth Beach
• Hazards Exposure variables
– Area of FEMA 100-yr flood zone delineations
– Number of houses in 100-yr flood zone
– Number of houses raised
– Beach erosion rates
• Natural systems variables
– Dune height and width
– Wetland areas
– Natural habitats
Example: Monmouth Beach
• Hazard Mitigation/Planning Checklist
Emergency response plans? – yes
Reverse 911? - yes
Building standards, codes? – yes
Enforcement of codes – improvement needed
Hazard mitigation plans? – in prep.
Coastal setbacks? - yes
Dune management? – no (volunteer beach
grass plantings)
NFIP community rating system? – no
Coastal Barrier community rating? - yes
MONMOUTH BEACH EXAMPLE
MONMOUTH BEACH EXAMPLE
MONMOUTH BEACH EXAMPLE
MONMOUTH COMMUNITY
INDICATORS
• Baseline assessments
• Temporal trends
• GIS layers – spatial trends
Promote Increased Community
Resiliency
• No Adverse Impact training
(Do No Harm)
-Consistent with no net loss of ecological functions
-Complements all water resources programs: water
quality, quantity, wetland and stormwater regulations
-Makes sense on local and regional scales
Promote Increased Community
Resiliency
• Local Ordinances/Programs/Policies
-reduce impervious cover (LID)
-lot coverage ordinance
-open space preservation (blue acres, green
acres, private funds)
-fill regulations
-stormwater management plans
-watershed management plans
Funding for Communities to
Implement Resiliency Strategies
and Sustainability Concepts
New NOAA Grant
Volunteer communities to serve as
Sustainable/Resilient Community Models by
adopting coastal resiliency/sustainability
principles and NAI (No Adverse Impact)
policies.