Transcript Slide 1

A G H 2010
Badania Polowe
Teoria,
Metodologia
i Praktyka
Profesor Zdzisław
Bieniawski
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“Idea” #1
Badania polowe
w
Geoinżynierii
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Plate jacking tests
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Another well-known in situ test
Large
Flat
Jack
(LFJ) test
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Other types of large in situ tests
Tri-axial block test
Coal mine pillar test
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RMR versus Rock Mass Modulus Em from penetrometer tests (Galera 2005)
RMR versus ratio Emass/Eintact (penetrometer data after Galera 2005)
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Rock mass deformation
Modulus (GPa)
EMASS = 10 [(RMR - 10)/40]
and for RMR > 50:
EMASS = 2 RMR – 100
Latest correlations (Galera 2008):
EMASS = 147 e [(RMR - 100)/24] - 0.2 RMR
Alternatively for RMR < 50:
EMASS = 0.09 RMR
and for
RMR > 50:
EMASS = 0.09 RMR + 1.06 (RMR-50) + 0.015(RMR-50)2
Correlation coefficient:
R = 0.89.
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Rock Mass Modulus versus RMR and Q (check correlation)
Rock Mass Strength
Kalamaras, 1995
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Rock mass deformation
Modulus
Another correlation by Galera 2008:
EMASS = Eintact e [(RMR - 100)/36]
For full range of RMR
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Rock mass strength (MPa)
sMASS = sc intact e [(RMR - 100)/24]
Kalamaras [1995]
As per the last correlation of Galera 2008:
EMASS = E intact e [(RMR - 100)/36]
it follows:
EM
Ei
sM
sc
2/3
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Warning!
concerning
Rock Mass Strength
This expression:
EM
Ei
sM
sc
2/3
is preferable to the Hoek – Brown criterion in which:
m/mi = e [(RMR - 100)/28]
and
s = e [(RMR - 100)/9]
Due to uncertainty of mi values and equating RMR with GSI
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Example of needed
Rock Mechanics focus
Mechanized excavation in Mining and Tunneling
deserves special attention in Rock Mechanics today
Consider the case of TBM tunneling:
determination of rock mass excavability
(TBM rate of advance)
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World Record!
The largest
Tunnel Boring Machine
(T B M)
cannot function
without Rock Mechanics!
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Uniaxial compressive strength of intact rock [0 – 25 points]
sci (MPa)
<5
5-30
30-90
90-180
> 180
Ratings
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14
25
14
0
Drillability – Drilling Rate Index [0 – 15 points]
DRI
> 80
80-65
65-50
50-40
< 40
Ratings
15
10
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3
0
Discontinuities at excavation front [0 – 40 points]
Homogeneity
Homogeneous
Ratings
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No. of joints per metre
Orientation versus tunnel axis
Mixed
0-4
4-8
8-15
15-30
0
5
10
20
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>30 Perpendicular Oblique Parallel
0
5
3
0
Stand up Time [0 – 25 points]
Hours
<5
5-24
24-96
96-192
> 192
Ratings
0
2
10
15
25
Groundwater inflow [0 – 5 points]
litres/sec
> 100
70-100
30-70
10-30
< 10
Ratings
0
1
2
4
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Ratings for Rock Mass Excavability index (RME): Input parameters
Roof Span versus Stand Up Time as function of RMR and Q
Correlation between Rock Mass Excavability index (RME) and
Average Rate of Advance (m/day) for Double Shield TBMs
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ARAT(m/day)
NO DATA ARE
AVAILABLE FOR
RME < 10 FOR
sci < 45 MPa
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ARAT = 0,661RME - 20,4
R = 0,867
40
30
20
10
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
RME
Abdalajís
Gilgel Gibe II - Inlet
Double Shield TBMs
Guadarrama
σci < 45 MPa
85
90
95
100
“Idea” #3
Maszyny tarczowe
TBM
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Kraków
Badania polowe w geoinżynierii
Profesor
Z.T. Bieniawski
A G H 2010
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