Transcript Slide 1

Seria I: Studenci IV-go roku
GÓRNICTWO I GEOLOGIA
Akademia Górniczo - Hutnicza
Kraków 23. X. 2010
Projektowanie
filarów i stropów
w górnictwie
węgla
Prof. Zdzisław Bieniawski
1
Bieniawski Design Enterprises, USA
 Wprowadzenie
 Dane geotechniczne niezbędne do projektowania
 Podsumowanie najważniejszych klasyfikacji masywu
skalnego
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Terzaghi, RQD, RMR and Q
Mniej polecane: GSI
 ‘Dziesięć Przykazań’ dla używania RMR i Q
 Nowa Austriacka Metoda budowania Tuneli
 Oszacowanie własności masywów skalnych
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3
4
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Nowa Austriacka Metoda
Tunelowa ”NATM”
RMR
>100
100
10
0.1
NATM (2004 ÖNORM B2203)
Q
80 –100 Class I
(80-100)
A1
Strong/stable
60 – 80 Good II
(65-80)
A2
Loosening/Block failure
10 –
50 – 60 Fair IIIa
(58-65)
B1
Friable/Low stress failure
4–
40 – 50
IIIb
20 – 40 Poor IV
10 – 20
Va
(45-58)
(29-45)
(20-29)
B2
B3
C1
Deep stress failure
Rock pressure
Shear failure
0 – 10
Vb
“over
V”
(5-20)
C2 Ravelling, flowing
L1
Soil, high cohesion
L2
Soil, slight cohesion
1–4
0.1 – 1
0.01 –
< 0.01
New ref: Austrian Society for Geomechanics, 2008 Draft
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Palmström and Singh, 2001
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Odkształcenie masywu skalnego
Moduł EM
(GPa)
Galera 2008:
EM = Elab e[(RMR - 100)/36]
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Rock Mass Strength (MPa)
sMASS = sc (intact) e[(RMR - 100)/24]
Kalamaras [1995]
Galera 2008:
EMASS= E intacte[(RMR - 100)/36]
dlatego:
EM
Ei
sM
sc
2/3
10
Kalamaras, 1995
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12
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Praktyczne zastosowania
Klasyfikacji w Górnictwie
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M-RMR (Laubscher and Taylor, 1975)
Mod.RMR (Newman and Bieniawski, 1981)
MBRMR (Cummings and Kendorski, 1982)
Coal Mining RMR (Unal, 1983)
Indian Coal RMR (CMRS, 1986)
Coal Mine Roof Rating (Molinda and Mark, 1994)
Weak Rock RMR (Unal, 1996)
Deutsche Steinkohle klasifikacion (Witthaus,
2006)
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MBR (Mining Basic RMR) system
Kendorski et al:
“A rock mass classification for caving mine design”, RETC, 1983, p.193
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Conclusions
 Place rock mass classifications within the overall
engineering design methodology and process;
 Observe the Ten Commandments for use of rock
mass classifications;
 For best engineering practice, exchange
experience
projects.
between tunnelling and mining
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Literatura
Alber, M (1996)
Classifying TBM contracts. Tunnels & Tunneling Int., December, p.41.
Aksoy, C O (2008)
Review of Rock Mass Rating classification. Journal of Mining Science, v. 44, no. 1, p.51.
Barton, N and Bieniawski, Z T (2008)
RMR and Q – Setting records straight. Tunnels & Tunnelling Int., February, p 26.
Bieniawski, Z T (1997)
Quo Vasis Rock Mass Classifications. Felsbau, v. 15, no. 3, June, p.177.
Bieniawski, Z T (1992)
Design Methodology in Rock Engineering: Theory, Education and practice. A A Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, 198p.
Jakubec, J and Esterhuizen, G S (2007)
Use of mining rock mass rating classification. NIOSH Info. Cir. IC 9498, ed C Mark, p.73.
Kalamaras, G and Bieniawski, Z T (1995)
A rock mass strength concept incorporating the effect of time. Proc ISRM Congress, Tokyo, Balkema, p.295.
Palmström, A (2009)
Combining the RMR, Q and RMi classification systems. TUST, in press (on line), doi:10.1016.
Palmström, A and Singh, R (2001)
The deformation modulus of rock masses – comparisons between in situ tests and indirect estimates. TUST, v.16, p.115.
Ramamurthy, T (2004)
A geo-engineering classification for rocks and rock masses. Int.J.Rock Mech., v. 41, p.89.
Ramamurthy, T (2007))
A realistic approach to stand-up time. Proc. 11th ISRM Congress, Lisbon, p. 757.
Russo, G and Grasso, P (2007)
On the classification of the rock mass excavation behaviour in tunneling. Proc. 11th ISRM Congress, Lisbon, p.979.
WYKŁADY
Dla studentów Górnictwa, Budownictwa i Geologii
The End
Profesor
Z.T. Bieniawski
A G H
18. X. 2010