Transcript Chapter 12 Manifest Destiny (1818

If you were living in the gold rush era,
would you have traveled across the
country for the chance at great riches?
A. Yes
A. A
B. B
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Chapter 12 Manifest Destiny
(1818-1853)
Section 4 California and Utah
What factors affected the settlement
of California and Utah in the West?
Gold!
• 1848- John Sutter
discovered gold in
California
• People from all over the
world arrived in 1849 and
were called…
• Forty-niners
• Farmers, lawyers, doctors,
priests and others were
“digging gold”
• Americans made up 80%
of the 49ers
• Others came from Mexico,
South America, Europe,
and Australia
• About 300 men arrived
from China, the first large
group of Asian immigrants
to settle America
The Californios
• The Californios are now
citizens of the US (Treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo)
• The treaty also gave them
rights to their lands
• The Land Law of 1851,
however, established a
group of reviewers who
examined the Californios’
land rights
• When a new settler came in
the Californio had to prove
they owned the land
• Some were able to prove
land ownership, others were
not and lost their land
Growth of Cities
• As people rushed to a
new area looking for
gold, they built new
communities, called
boomtowns, almost
overnight
• At one site there were 2
houses and a year later
there was…
• A town of 1000 people
with “hotels, stores,
groceries, bakeries, and
… gambling houses”
• Cities grew rapidly
• San Francisco grew from
a tiny village to a city of
about 20,000 people
The 49ers
• Most 49ers had no
experience in mining
• When they heard gold was
discovered at site, they
rushed to it
• They spent hours looking
for gold dust and nuggets
• The California Gold Rush
more than doubled the
world’s supply of gold
• But few 49ers achieved
lasting wealth
• Most found little or no gold
• Many of those who did find
gold lost it gambling or on
wild spending
Those That Made Money
• Were the boomtown
merchants
• They could charge
whatever they want
for food and other
essential items
• There were no
other nearby stores
that sold these
products
• An immigrant
named Levi
Strauss sold the
miners sturdy pants
made of denim
• His “Levi’s” made
him rich
Gold Rush Society
• Mining communities
contained men of all
backgrounds, but few
women
• Many men spent their
free time drinking,
gambling, and fighting
• The mining towns had
no police or prisons
• Citizens formed
vigilante groups to
protect themselves
• The vigilante groups
took the law into their
own hands
• They acted as police,
judge, jury, and
sometimes
executioner
Economic and Political Progress
• Many people who came to
California looking for gold
stayed
• They farmed or ran a
business
• Rapid growth brought a
need for better government
• 1850- California applied for
statehood and wrote a
constitution
• The state decided on
slavery… and they chose• No slavery
• Southern states opposed
California’s admission
• California would not enter
the Union until a year later
when a compromise was
reached
Section 4
Why did many Americans in the 1840s want
to make California a state?
A. to convert the Native
Americans to Christianity
B. to abolish the Spanish
missions
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C. to build ports on the
C. C
Pacific coast
D. D
D. to sell Native Americans into slavery
The First Mormons
• Mormons- members of the
Church of Jesus Christ of
Latter-Day Saints
• The Mormons came about
during the religious
awakenings of the 1830s and
1840s
• The founder of the Mormon
Church was Joseph Smith
(Living in New York)
• Smith claimed he received
visions to build a new
Christian church and began
preaching in 1830
• Smith published the Book of
Mormon which told of the
coming of God and the need
to build a kingdom on Earth to
receive him
The Mormons
• Smith wanted to build a
model society
• He believed property
should be held in
common
• Also supported polygamy
(More than one wife)
• Smith formed a society in
New York, but people
disagreed with his ideas
and forced the Mormons
to leave
• The Mormons moved to
Illinois, but persecution
continued
The Mormons Leave Illinois
• 1844- A mob of residents
killed Joseph Smith
• Brigham Young took over
as head of the Mormons
• Young decided the
Mormons should move
again to escape
persecution and have
religious freedom
• The Mormons moved
west to the Great Salt
Lake in present day Utah
A Haven in the Desert
• 1846- About 12,000
Mormons moved to Utah
• This was the largest single
migration in American
history
• Traveled on what became
known as the Mormon Trail
(Became an valuable route
to the western US)
• 1847- The Mormon’s
reached the Great Salt
Lake
• The land was dry and wild
• The Mormons call the land
Deseret and set up farming
communities
Mormons’ In Deseret
• At first life was difficult for
the settlers
• Hard work and
determination helped
Deseret succeed
• They built their towns
carefully and irrigation
canals to water their farms
(Salt Lake City)
• Property was taxed, and use
of water, timber, and other
natural resources were
regulated
• Industries were developed
so they could be selfsufficient
• Mormon merchants sold
supplies to the 49ers who
passed through Utah on
their way to California
Mormons used irrigation to water
crops at
A. Deseret
B. New York City
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D. Boomtowns in California
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B. B
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Utah Territory
• 1850- Congress established
the Utah Territory
• President Millard Fillmore
made Brigham Young the
governor or Utah
• By 1860- There were many
Mormon communities
throughout Utah
• Utah was NOT easily
incorporated into the US
• The Mormons often had
conflicts with federal officials
• In 1857 and 1858- War
almost broke out between
the Mormons and the US
Army
• Utah did not become a state
until 1896
What factors affected the settlement
of California and Utah in the West?
-Rapid growth in population and in
economic activity to serve the
growing population
-Growth led to need for more
effective government, resulting in the
writing of a state constitution and
statehood in 1850
Chapter 12 Section 4 Quiz
The world's supply of gold was
more than doubled by
A. Levi Strauss.
B. boomtowns.
C. the California
Gold Rush.
D. John Sutter.
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California's request for statehood
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Who founded the Mormon
church?
Levi Strauss
Brigham Young
John Sutter
Joseph Smith
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Who became head of the Mormon
church after the founder died in 1844?
Brigham Young
Joseph Smith
Levi Strauss
John Sutter
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Which of the following made the
largest single migration in history?
forty-niners
Mormons
Gold Rush miners
Gold Rush
merchants
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