Transcript Human Sexuality - Belle Vernon Area School District

Human Sexuality
Ms. Fitchwell
Health Education
Human Sexuality
Adolescence is the time when young people
go through the physical, emotional, and
social changes that end in adulthood.
 Puberty refers to the physical changes that
occur during adolescence.
 During puberty, secondary sex characteristics
appear, and the reproductive structures
mature.
 Puberty begins because male and female
hormones are released into the bloodstream.
 During puberty, both boys and girls will grow
quickly, perspire more, have body odor, and
develop oily skin and some pimples.

Human Sexuality
•BETWEEN
THE AGES OF 9-17 CHILDREN GO
THROUGH PUBERTY, WHICH MARKS THE
BEGINNING OF ADOLESCENCE
•PUBERTY
OCCURS AS A RESULT OF THE
RELEASE OF HORMONES
•TESTOSTERONE
•ESTROGEN
HORMONES
•MALE
– MALE HORMONE
AND PROGESTERONE – FEMALE
AND FEMALE HORMONES ARE
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PHYSICAL, EMOTIONAL,
AND SOCIAL CHANGES THAT OCCUR.
Physical Changes

The development of sex
characteristics

Primary sex characteristics are directly
related to the production of the
reproductive cells – sperm for males,
and ovum for females
Secondary sex characteristics – body
hair in both males and females

Females - the development of breasts and
widening of the hips
 Males - and the broadening of the chest
and the deepening of the voice

Concerns over physical
changes




As people reach puberty, there is great
variation in the size and shape of people of the
same age
Girls can be much taller than boys
Boys voices can “crack” – due to an increase in
the size of the larynx
Hands and feet may appear large and
awkward
Mental changes
 Brain
reaches its adult size and weight
 Cognition – the act or process of
knowing, including both awareness and
judgment – and memory both increase.
 You are able to predict the outcomes of
many situations – you look at different
ways of solving problems
Mental changes

Your ability to think logically, or think things out,
increases

Can understand someone else’s point of view

New interests will develop and career goals may
begin to come into focus
Cerebral Cortex (“Grey Matter”)
• Most complex part of CNS
• Motor/sensory functions
• Emotions
• Cognition - Language
• Attention
Emotional changes

Strong emotional feelings can come to the
surface

You can experience mood swings, sulking
and crave privacy

May have difficulty in letting others know
how you are feeling.
Bell Ringer May
th
4

What is the difference between primary and
secondary sex characteristics?

What is the male sex hormone? Female sex
hormones?

What are some mental changes that occur
during puberty?
Male Reproductive
System
During puberty, the
pituitary gland
stimulates the testes to
begin producing the
male sex hormone,
testosterone.
 Testosterone- causes
the production of
sperm
 Sperm- male
reproductive cell
 Two main biological
functions of the male
reproductive system:1.
production of sperm 2.
transfer of it to the
female’s body during
sexual intercourse

Male reproduction system

Click here to see the male reproductive system
Bladder
Seminal
Vesicles
Urethra
Penis
Prostate
Gland
Cowper's
Gland
Glans/
Head
Epididymis
Scrotum
http://www.kscience.co.uk/revision/reprod
uction/male/malelabel.htm
Testes
Vas Deferens
Warm-Up May

th
5
What role do the following organs/muscles/glands
play in the male reproductive system?

Pituitary Gland

Testes

Epididymis

Seminal Vesicles

Stimulates the testes to produce the male sex
hormone, testosterone.

External organ, produces testosterone and sperm.

Coil-like tube on the outside of testes, sperm are
stored here and mature.

Located on each side of the bladder, produce
liquid that mixes with sperm (semen is a fluid that
carries and nourishes sperm).
Male Reproductive System is made up of
both internal and external organs
External organs:
1. Testes (testicles) – are two small glands
that produce sperm. Testes hang outside
of the body in a sac called the scrotum.
This sac protects sperm by keeping the
testes at a temperature slightly below
normal
External organs:
2. Penis – the external sex organ in which the
sperm is delivered to the females body.
Composed of spongy tissue that contains
many blood vessels. As a result of increased
blood flow, the penis becomes enlarged and
erect.
Internal male reproductive
organs
Plays a role in the delivery of the sperm
 Urethra – carries sperm and urine to the
outside of the body. (a valve prevents the
two fluids from mixing)
 Epididymis – located on the outer surface of
the testes – sperm mature here
 Vas-deferens – a pair of connecting tubes
that receives the sperm from the epididymis
 As the sperm travels through the vas
deferens, they combine with fluids from the
seminal vesicles, prostate gland and
Cowper’s gland and the to form semen.

Ejaculation- A series of muscular contractions
during sexual arousal.
During ejaculation, semen is released
Nocturnal emissions- Orgasm and ejaculation
may occur during sleep.
•Can be referred to as a “wet dream”
•Occur because sperm production during
puberty causes increased pressure in the
reproductive system.
At birth, the tip of the penis is covered with a fold of
skin called Foreskin
Circumcision – the surgical removal of the foreskin
Uncircumcised penis with foreskin intact
Circumcised penis
Female reproductive system

Click here to view
female
reproductive system
Female Reproductive
System
The Female Reproductive System stores
female reproductive cells, or ova. It also
nourishes and protects each fertilized
ovum from the beginning of pregnancy
through birth.
1. Vagina – also called the birth canal, is a
hollow tube leading from the uterus to
the outside of the body. Sperm from the
male enters the female reproductive
system through the vagina.
Females Reproductive Organs
2. Ovaries
– two small organs that have
two functions: 1. releases estrogen
and progesterone 2. produces and
releases a mature egg (ova) once a
month – called ovulation
*Female babies are born with approx.
400,000 immature ova in the ovaries.
During puberty, hormones cause the
immature ova to mature.
3. Fallopian tubes – two small tubes that carry a released egg from
the ovary to the uterus. When an egg is released from the
ovary, it moves into the fallopian tubes and finger like
projections draw the egg into the uterus.
*If intercourse occurs during the time there is an egg in the
fallopian tube, sperm may unite with the egg and fertilization
occurs.
4. Uterus (womb) is a small, muscular, pear-shaped organ, about
the size of a fist. The fertilized egg (zygote) will develop and
grow in the uterus. The uterus has layers of tissue and a rich
supply of blood to protect and nourish the developing fetus.
*The base of the uterus is called the cervix. It expands during
childbirth to allow the passage of the baby.
Warm-Up May
th
6

List all of the female reproductive organs.

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

What is another name for the uterus? Vagina?
Menstruation
If the ovum does not become fertilized, the
lining of the uterus breaks down and is
passed out of the vagina. This process is
called menstruation
 Usually lasts 3-5 days
 Menstrual cycle, which is the time from the
beginning of one menstrual cycle to the
onset of the next, is usually a 28 day cycle


Onset – usually between the ages of 10 – 15
Can be very irregular at first
 Can also be affected by poor nutrition,
stress and illness

Menstrual cycle

Click here to view menstrual cycle
Care of the reproductive
system

Includes cleanliness, protection, and self-examination

A male who is not circumcised must practice extra hygiene

Avoid wearing clothing that is too tight

Wear a protective or supporter during strenuous exercise

Perform a monthly self exam of the testes to check for any
thickening or lumps
Problems of the male reproductive
system
1.
Hernia – occurs when part of an organ pushes through
an opening of a membrane or muscle that usually
contains the organ.
2. Sterility – condition in which a person is unable to
reproduce.
 can be a result of producing too few sperm. This can be
caused from environmental hazards that damage the
sperm making process-exposure to X- rays, radiation and
lead from motor exhaust
 Can also be caused from temperature change,
exposure to certain chemicals, smoking and disease.
3. Enlarged prostate gland – can enlarge for
reasons such as an infection, a tumor, or old age.
When the gland enlarges, it tends to squeeze the
urethra, resulting in frequent or difficult
urination
4. Testicular torsion –twisting of testis so that
blood vessels leading to the testis also twists,
cutting off the blood supply.
5. Cancer of the Prostate – often a cancer site of older
men.
6. Cancer of the testes - occurs most frequently in males
between the ages of 15 and 35.
Hard lumps, or nodules , on the testes may be a sign of
cancer. There may or may not be pain associated with
the lumps
Problems of the FRS
MENSTRUAL CRAMPS –
•USUALLY
•
MILD, LASTING FOR SEVERAL HOURS
A HEATING PAD, OVER THE COUNTER MEDICATION AND LIGHT EXERCISE CAN HELP
•PRACTICE
DEEP BREATHING-YOGA-ESPECIALLY DURING PREGNANCY! , INCREASE
VITAMIN D INTAKE
PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS).
•PMS
IS A VARIETY OF SYMPTOMS THAT CAN OCCUR SEVERAL DAYS TO TWO WEEKS
BEFORE THE MENSTRUAL PERIOD.
•SYMPTOMS
BLOATING
•HOW
– NERVOUS TENSION, ANXIETY, IRRITABILITY, MOOD SWINGS, FATIGUE,
TO DECREASE PMS:
•Nutritional
•get
changes (avoid chemicals in foods),
moving,
•practice
relaxation techniques-
•address
your stress levels
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) –related to
tampon use during the menstrual period.
 This
is a rare but serious disease that may
be fatal.
 The
presence of a bacterium,
staphylococcus aureus, causes the
infection.
 Flu-like
symptoms – aching muscles, sore
throat, sudden high fever, vomiting,
diarrhea, fainting, rash.
Problems that can cause
infertility

Blocked fallopian tube - leading cause of
female infertility. Can be caused by pelvic
inflammatory disease (PID) of abdominal surgery.

Endometriosis – uterine tissue grows outside the
uterus, often appearing on the ovaries, fallopian
tubes in in the abdominal cavity.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - an infection of the
fallopian tubes, ovaries and surrounding areas in
a woman’s pelvis. It can damage the
reproductive organs and is usually caused by
sexually transmitted diseases.
Other reproductive
disorders

Cervix, uterus and ovaries are common sites of
cancer. Cervical cancer is detected through a
Pap test, a test in which samples of cells are taken
from the cervix by a doctor. All sexually active
females should have a yearly Pap smear and all
women from the age of 18 and older should also
have a yearly Pap smear
Bell Ringer May
th
7

What is another term for “wet dream”?

Describe the term circumcision. What is removed
during this process?

How long does an average menstrual cycle last?

Nocturnal Emission

Surgical Procedure that removes foreskin from the
tip of the penis

28 days
Breast self-examination

Is an important habit for females to develop

Should be done once a month, about a week
after the start of their menstrual period

Should check for anything unusual, such as any
discharge from the nipples, lumps or mass under
the skin
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/lifegreatest-miracle.html