Transcript Reproductive System

Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System
(1)
Main Sex Glands :
Testes (2) – oval shaped
Functions :
a. produce sex cells –
sperms from seminiferous tubule
(live for 3~5 days).
b. produce sex hormones –
testosterone from interstitial cells.
Anterior pituitary gland regulates interstitial cell
stimulating hormone (ICSH), and this hormone
regulates testosterone.
(2)
Ducts: form sperm route from testes out of the body.
Sperm route:
sperm made in semiferous tubules
epididymis
vas deferens
ejaculatory duct
urethra
out of the body.
(Vasectomy --- cutting and tying vas deferens sterilization method.)
(3)
(4)
Accessary sex gland:
seminal vesicle, bulbourethral gland, prostate gland.
Function: produce alkaline secretion --- part of semen.
Each ejaculation contains 3~5 mls, with 107~108
sperms.
External genitals: scrotum, penis.
(circumcision) cutting the fore skin.
Male
Reproductive
System
Reproductive System
Female Reproductive System
(1)
Main Sex Glands :
Ovary (2) – oval shaped
Functions :
a. produce ova (egg, 15~24 hours) –
from graafian follicles, total are 4 x 105 cells.
Ova are in the female body since at birth.
After the female reach to puberty, at a
period of time (~28 days), usually one
matured egg is released.
b. produce sex hormones –
estrogen, progesterone.
(2)
(3)
(4)
Ducts:
uterine tube (fallopian tubes), uterus, vagina. After
ovulation, egg finds its way into one of the uterine
tube, this is where the fertilization take place.
Uterus --- Function:
a. menstruation
b. pregnancy
c. labor
Vagina --- Function:
a. sperm entry
b. baby emerges
Accessary gland:
Bartholine glands --- secrete lubricating fluid.
External genitals: vulva
Female
Reproductive
System
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
What cause menstruation – a sudden sharp
drop in estrogen and progesterone
MEANS
Surface of endometrum
Shed; bleeding (1~5 days)
PREMENSE PHASE
POST MENSE PHASE
Thickening of the
endometrium; blood supply
Repair of endometrium
(15~28 days)
(6~13 days)
OVULATION
(14 days)
Anterior pituiary gland (APG)
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Follicle Growth
Estrogen increase
APG
Leuteinizing Hormone
Leuteinization
Estrogen and progesterone reach high level in blood
Ovulation
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
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Syphilis: Baterial infection – Antibiotics
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Gonorrhea: Baterial infection – Antibiotics
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Chlamydia: Baterial infection – Antibiotics
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Genital Warts: Viral infection
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Genital Herpes: Viral infection
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HIV: Viral infection – AZT and cocktail treatment
Birth Control Methods
Contraception
1. The rhythm method, detect ovulation
(drop temperature)
2. Condom (rubber sheath)
3. Diaphragm
4. Intrauterine device (IUD)
Sterilization
1. Vasectomy
2. Tubal ligation
From Fertilization to Birth
Sperm ejaculation
30 mins
Uterine tube
1 sperm and 1 egg
(3~5 days before ovulation and 15~24 hours after ovulation)
Zygote
3~4 days cell cleavage
Travel to uterus
Solid clusters of cells
Blastocyst
surface cells – have sticky surface for implantation
inner cells – give rise to 3 layers endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm
Surface cells secret enzyme
(digest some of the utering lining)
5~6 days
Burrow inside, two membrane formed:
Inner aminio fluid
chorion – extension and fuse with uterus
Placenta
Differentiation begins:
Endoderm – respiration, digestion
Mesoderm – circulation, muscular, skeleton
Ectoderm – skin, nerve system