Transcript Slide 1
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER NOTES notes p. 349-355 Kievan Rus 1 Oleg established the state of Kievan Rus. “Rus” meant “warrior band” Set up capital in Kiev Main ruler “the Grand Prince” Kievan Rus 2 steppe = grassland boyars = land owning nobles veche = assembly; handled daily matters of towns. Any free man could call a meeting by ringing the town bell. Vladimir I & the Eastern Orthodox Church 1 Vladimir I was one of the most important princes. • expanded Kievan Rus territory • sent people to other locations to observe different religions; they were not impressed with any of them until they saw Hagia Sophia in the Byzantine Empire. • upon their return, Vladimir made Eastern Orthodox Christianity the official religion. Vladimir I & the Eastern Orthodox Church 2 Priests from the Byzantine Empire taught them religious rituals they began following the style of Byzantine art and architecture gave the Kievan Rus people a sense of belonging to the civilized world Yaroslav the Wise Yaroslav, son of Vladimir I became Grand Prince of Kiev in 1019, after fighting his brothers for control interested in learning, so he was nicknamed “the Wise” 1 Yaroslav the Wise encouraged artisans to create built churches similar to those in the Byzantine Empire decorated palace walls with paintings under his rule, Kievan Rus had a golden age of peace and prosperity 2 Yaroslav the Wise Kievan Rus laws were based on old slavic customs and Byzantine law crimes against property were considered worse than those against people no death penalty most punishments simply made the criminal pay a fine 3 Decline of Kievan Rus began to decline around 1054 princes of Kiev began fighting over the throne foreigners took advantage of the chaos and attacked different areas, which interrupted trade. 1 Decline of Kievan Rus Kievan Rus never recovered; became more isolated trading land farming land w/mostly peasants to escape invaders, many people fled to the north & settled in forests. 2 The Mongol Conquest 1 1240 the Mongols, tribes from central Asia, took control of Rus states destroyed villages and killed many people made the Rus people pay tribute (a gift or money to honor) to the khan, the Mongol leader The Church the Eastern Orthodox church remained strong monks founded monasteries in northern forests towns & villages developed around the monasteries this isolation made them cling to their religion and distrust ideas from others The Church they were also isolated from other Christian churches due to this, they developed their own rituals and practices Daily Life large differences between wealthy & poor peasants rarely ate meat; instead had rye bread, cabbage, fish, and mushrooms peasants enjoyed storytelling & passed them down to each generation Daily Life peasant men wore white tunics, linen trousers, shoes woven from tree bark, and tied rags around their legs to keep out the cold rich merchants and boyars wore tall fur hats and caftans (long robes tied @ the waist with a sash). women (all classes) wore blouses, skirts, and shawls. on holidays, women (all) wore headdresses w/decorations to show the region they were from and marital status The Rise of Moscow Moscow or Muscovy, was founded in 1147 more people moved north to escape the Mongols and settled near Moscow’s kremlin, or fortress The princes learned to cooperate with the Mongols, who allowed the princes to collect taxes The throne was passed from father to son, so there was no fighting over who would be the next ruler The Rise of Moscow Mongol chiefs started fighting with each other & grew weaker Moscow grew stronger In 1380, the army defeated the Mongols Some Mongols remained, but they no longer had any power Ivan the Great 1480, Ivan III (“The Great”) rid Mongols from Muscovy and expanded its boundaries to the north and west Married Sophia, a niece of the last Byzantine emperor The Church believed it meant Moscow had taken the Byzantine Empire’s place as the center of Christianity Ivan the Great Ivan began living like a Byzantine emperor Had palaces , cathedrals, & larger walls built in the kremlin Called himself ‘czar’ (emperor), which later became the official title of the ruler People believed that their ruler should have full and unquestioned power over both Church and state