Transcript Byzantine Empire and the Crusades

Warm Up
• When did the Western Roman Empire fall?
• Who was responsible for ending the
Western Roman Empire?
• Explain two theories on the fall of the
Western Roman Empire.
• Why did people within the Roman Empire
convert to Christianity?
Unit 3
• We are beginning the Middle Ages and will be
studying everything from the split in Christianity,
to the early Russian people, Islam, the
Crusades, the Vikings, the early people groups
of England and France, chivalry, architectural
changes, Feudalism, and more strife between
the church and kings, to name a few of our
topics.
Byzantine Empire
For your information:
The Western Roman
Empire fell in 476 AD.
The Eastern Roman
Empire continued to
thrive and was a very
wealthy trading center.
The name of the empire
changed to be called the
“Byzantine Empire” as
Constantinople was
formerly called
Byzantium, and was
originally a Greek city.
Thus, Greek was the
main language.
Justinian, Eastern Roman Emperor
• Reigned: 527-565 AD
– Wanted to recreate the Roman
Empire
– Re-conquered Italy and N. Africa
• Codified Roman Law – unified laws for
people in Byzantine Empire
• Faced down rebellion in Constantinople
with wife Theodora
– The Nika Revolt
• Read p. 348 as a class and briefly
write a summary of the Nika
Revolt and why Theodora was
important.
Byzantine Empire
• Lost land after Justinian,
kept Asia Minor &
Constantinople
• Centered on Greek
culture, Christianity
• Lots of $ on churches
• Emperor seen as chosen
by God, spiritual and
political power
• Emperor chose patriarch
– head of eastern church
City at a Crossroads:
1. Analyze the two-page
areal view of Constantinople
on p. 354-355!
2. Read the informational
boxes and answer the
two geography skills
questions on interpreting
the map.
Constantinople
– Center for East-West trade until 12th Century
– Many beautiful buildings: palace, Hippodrome
(horse racing track,
see visual on p. 354)
• Hagia Sophia (“Hi- yuh” Sophia)
– church built w/ dome on 4 pillars, many windows under
dome, appeared to float (greatest architectural achievement)
• The Great Schism:
– Disagreement over head of church lead to split (schism)
Eastern Orthodox v. Roman Catholic-1054 AD
• Invasions by non-Christian Turks overwhelmed
Byzantines
– called to Christians in Western Europe for help.
• 1096- European Christians went on a ‘crusade’ to help fight the
Turks who were also Muslim…thus it became a HOLY WAR.
(we will come back to this!!!!)
Hagia Sophia
Originally built as a church,
now it is an Islamic mosque.
Hagia Sophia
Compare/Contrast the GREAT SCHISM
• Using p. 350- 351 complete the 2-column chart on the
differences between the Orthodox Church and Roman
Catholic Church…
Orthodox Church
Issue:
Roman Catholic Church
The Kievan Rus
Objective:
~TLW analyze how the Rus
affected the early history of
Kiev, the factors that helped
establish Christianity in
Russia, and what people
groups attacked Russia.
Watch:
John Green- Kievan Rus and evolution of the
Russian State
Notice: location of Kievan Rus in relationship to the
Byzantine/Eastern Roman Empire
Kiev: Modern-day Ukraine
Beginnings and Growth:
• The Russian Primary Chronicle tells of the early Slavic peoples,
written in 1100, telling of the people in mid-800AD
• Constant fighting, invited northern Europeans (Vikings?) called
the Rus to govern
• Oleg- 2nd ruler
– expanded territory south to Kiev
– attacked Constantinople
– successful trade union with Byzantines!!!!!
• Slavic regions become formal state- Kievan Rus
• Yaroslav the Wise
–
–
–
–
had religious books translated from Greek into Slavic
Russian law was codified
Good relations w/ Western Europe through daughters’ marriages
Regained lost territory; but was crushed when attacked Constantinople
Christianity in Russia
• Early Slavic religion- polytheistic based on nature
• 863- Cyril (“Sy-ril) and Methodius– brothers and Greek monks who used the Slavic language to
convert Slavs (ethnicity of Kievan Rus)
– Developed written alphabet for Slavonic language
– Called Cyrillic (“Si-ril-ic) alphabet
– Based on Greek alphabet
• Vladimir I- Grand Duke of Kiev converted, married
sister of Byzantine emperor
– Built libraries, schools, churches
– 988- Vlad made Christianity state religion of Kievan Rus
• After the Great Schism– became semi-independent of Orthodox in Constantinople
– “Russian Orthodox Church”
Cyrillic
Alphabet:
What three
alphabets can
you decipher?
1.
2.
3.
Think of
what area
we are
studying/
time period.
Kievan Rus Attacked!!!
• State weakened internally from land-owning princes
– New Grand Prince Andrew Bogolyubsky moves central city away from Kiev
(places family in Kiev)
– Power no longer centralized, easy to attack
• Attacked by:
– 1. Mongols(from east under Genghis Khan)- 1223 and were
defeated. Kiev falls in 1240 to Mongols.
• Alexander Nevsky- encouraged Rus not to rebel against Mongols
• Mongols didn’t destroy as much as they did elsewhere as a result
– 2. Swedes (from north) in 1240 for trade routes
• Alexander Nevsky- surprise attack on Swedes, Rus won!
– 3. Teutonic Knights (Germanic military order)• wanted Rus to convert to Catholicism
• 1242- Alex. Nevsky saves Rus again by a “massacre on ice”
– 4. The ‘Tartars’- (derogatory name) ruled Rus after Mongols
• until 1480
• Central Asian nomads, spoke Turkish, were Muslims
Prince Alexander of Novgorod,
AKA: Alexander Nevsky …..
Was “THE MAN”….tell me why.