Transcript No Slide Title

Introduction to the elements of effective
Safety Management Systems
©
2005 OSHA Training Network. All rights reserved.
This material for training use only
Goals
1. Understand the basics of a safety
management system.
2. Identify the seven core elements of an
effective safety and health program.
3. Describe the key processes in each program
element.
This material, or any other material used to inform employers of compliance requirements of OSHA standards through simplification of the regulations should not be considered a substitute for
any provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 or for any standards issued by OSHA. The information in workbook is intended for training purposes only.
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Form Groups
Introductions
Elect a chairperson
Select a spokesperson
Name your corporation
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Seven Critical Components and Characteristics
of an Effective Safety Management System
1. Management Commitment
2. Accountability
3. Employee Involvement
4. Hazard Identification & Control
5. Incident/Accident Investigation
6. Training
7. Plan Evaluation
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Components of a Safety
Management System
Structure
Inputs
Processes
Outputs
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Inputs = Resources
Processes = Activities
Outputs = Conditions, Behaviors, Results
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Every system is designed perfectly to
produce what it produces
What might be the result if a safety plan is poorly written
or not effectively implemented?
Where do we look for clues that safety system design
and/or implementation are flawed?
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ELEMENT 1 –
TOP MANAGEMENT
COMMITMENT
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What motivates management to “do” safety?
Indicate the consequence below that motivates your
employer.
My company does safety primarily to…
1. Avoid OSHA penalties.
2. Reduce costs - increase profits
3. Keep employees safe
________
________
________
Make a bar graph to show how the class
ranked each statement.
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Class Ranking
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10
8
6
4
2
1
2
3
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What is Top Management Commitment?
T________ M _______ C _________
Expression of
leadership
What has management done to demonstrate
commitment at your workplace?
Time, money,
communications = TMC
What can we do to get management commitment?
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What do accidents cost your company?
Unseen costs can
sink the ship!
Direct Insured Costs
average to close a claim = $14,000
Indirect - Uninsured, hidden Costs
- Out of pocket
estimated average = $38,000
Unknown Costs -
1. Human Tragedy
2. Morale
3. Reputation
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NSC - Average direct and indirect accident costs
No lost time injury:
Lost time injury:
Fatality:
$7,000
$38,000
$1,100,000
Direct to Indirect Accident Cost Ratios
Direct cost of claim
$0-2,999
$3,000 - 4,999
$5,000 - 9,999
$10,000 or more
Ratio of indirect to
direct costs
4.5
1.6
1.2
1.1
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Proactive Vs. Reactive Safety & Health Management
They care
about me!
Proactive Programs
What's proactive?
They don’t
care...
Reactive Programs
What's reactive?
What programs are emphasized?
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ELEMENT 2 ACCOUNTABILITY
Six essential elements of an
effective accountability system
1. Established formal standards of behavior and
performance.
2. Resources provided to meet those standards.
3. An effective system of measurement.
4. Application of effective consequences.
5. Appropriate application of consequences.
6. Evaluation of the accountability system.
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Management/Employee Accountability
Manager
Accountabilities
Training
Resources
Enforcement
Supervision
Leadership
Employee
Accountabilities
Report hazards
Report injuries
Comply with rules
Warn others
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Why does the employer have more
accountabilities than the employee? Is that fair?
What’s with that?
More control... more accountability
How are employees held accountable in your
workplace?
Before pointing the finger of blame, make
sure management all obligations to the
employee have been fulfilled.
When is a supervisor justified in disciplining?
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ELEMENT 3 EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT
Group exercise: Discuss ways your employer uses (or
could use) to increase involvement in the safety
committee and other activities.
Choose one of the above ideas and discuss those
methods and procedures that help ensure its success.
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Involvement in the Safety
Committee
What is the purpose of your safety committee?
Our safety committee intends to…
What role does your safety committee play?
My safety committee performs the role of a/an…
What can the safety committee do to increase
employee involvement in safety?
What can the safety committee do to help the
employer manage safety programs?
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ELEMENT 4 –
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
AND CONTROL
What is a "hazard?"
Hazard analysis is smart business!
What are the advantages of conducting hazard analysis
vs. accident investigation?
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What are the four categories of hazards in the
workplace?
M____
E_____
E____
E_____
Hazardous conditions or unsafe work practices:
Which results in more accidents?
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Any hazards or unsafe behaviors here?
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Hierarchy of Controls
Engineering Controls
Management
Controls
Interim Measures
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What control measures might work to correct these
hazardous conditions and unsafe behaviors.
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ELEMENT 5 INCIDENT/ACCIDENT
INVESTIGATION
What is an “accident?”
Why do we “investigate” accidents?
How does your perception of a particular hazard
change with daily exposure to that hazard?
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What are the odds that a serious injury will occur?
H.W. Heinrich's
Pyramid (1931)
Proctor & Gamble's
Port Ivory Study (1984)
1
Lost Work
Day Case
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OSHA
Recordable
292
Workers' Comp
730
First Aid Only
How does your perception of a particular hazard
change with daily exposure to that hazard?
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Why are some accident reports ineffective?
Why might it be dangerous to assume someone has
"common sense"?
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Why are some accident reports ineffective?
Why might it be dangerous to assume someone has
"common sense"?
Be ready when accidents happen
1. Write a clear policy statement.
2. Identify those authorized to notify outside agencies (fire, police,
etc.)
3. Designate those responsible to investigate accidents.
4. Train all accident investigators.
5. Establish timetables for conducting the investigation and taking
corrective action.
6. Identify those who will receive the report and take corrective
action.
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Weed out the causes of injuries and
illnesses
Strains
Direct Causes of
Injury/Illness
Burns
Cuts
Surface
Causes of the
Accident
Behaviors
Conditions
Fails to enforce
Lack of time
Inadequate training
No discipline procedures
Inadequate labeling procedures
No orientation process
Outdated Procedures
Inadequate training plan
No inspection policy
No accountability policy
Root Causes of the
Accident
- Accident Weed
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The causes of Injury, Illness and Accidents
1. Direct Cause of Injury
2. Surface Causes of the Accident
3. Root Causes of the Accident
Steps in root cause analysis
1. Injury cause analysis
2. Surface Cause analysis
3. Root Causes analysis
- Accident Causes
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The six-step process
Step 1. Secure the accident scene
Step 2. Collect facts about what happened
Step 3. Develop the sequence of events
Step 4. Determine the causes
Step 5. Recommend improvements
Step 6. Write the report
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Three phases of analysis
• Injury analysis
• Event analysis
• Systems analysis
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ELEMENT 6: EDUCATION
AND TRAINING
Education tells Why
Training shows How
Experience improves skills
Accountability sustains behavior
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Give examples of effective safety training.
How do you know safety training is effective?
Training is worthless without
accountability
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The basic steps in OJT
Step 1. Introduction.
Step 2. Trainer show and tell.
Trainer: EXPLAINS and PERFORMS each step.
Learner: OBSERVES each step and QUESTIONS .
Step 3. Trainer ask and show.
Learner: EXPLAINS each step and RESPONDS.
Trainer: PERFORMS each step and QUESTIONS.
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Step 4. Trainee tell and show.
Learner: EXPLAINS, GETS PERMISSION, and then PERFORMS each
step.
Trainer: GIVES PERMISSION, OBSERVES each step and QUESTIONS .
Step 5. Conclusion.
Step 6. Document.
Step 7. Validate.
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DOCUMENT TRAINING!
Sample training certification for specific tasks
Trainee certification
Trainer certification
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ELEMENT 7. PLAN
EVALUATION
• Last and first phase of planning cycle
• Assess, analyze, evaluate, both labor and management
• Use outside experts
• Not a one person job - delegate monitoring
responsibilities
• Establish procedures for change - an action plan
• Measure activity and results
• Make effective recommendations
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• Last and first phase of planning cycle
• Identify, analyze, evaluate all elements of the
program
• Use outside experts
• Primary safety committee responsibility - evaluate the
safety and health program
• Establish procedures for change - an action plan
• Measure activity and results
• Make effective recommendations
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Time to review!
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