Transcript Shaping the Future of the Web: Opportunities and Challenges

Intelligent Systems
Lecture XIV – xx 2009
Semantic Web and Exam Preparation
Dieter Fensel and Mick Kerrigan
©www.sti-innsbruck.at
Copyright 2008 STI INNSBRUCK www.sti-innsbruck.at
Where are we?
#
Date
Title
1
Introduction
2
Propositional Logic
3
Predicate Logic
4
Theorem Proving, Logic Programming, and Description Logics
5
Search Methods
6
CommonKADS
7
Problem Solving Methods
8
Planning
9
Agents
10
Rule Learning
11
Inductive Logic Programming
12
Formal Concept Analysis
13
Neural Networks
14
Semantic Web and Exam Preparation
www.sti-innsbruck.at
2
Agenda
•
•
•
Semantic Web - Data
•
Motivation
•
Technical Solution: URI, RDF, RDFS, OWL, SPARQL
•
Illustration by Larger Examples: KIM Browser Plugin, Disco Hyperdata Browser
•
Extensions: Linked Open Data
Semantic Web – Processes
•
Motivation
•
Technical Solution: Semantic Web Services, WSMO, WSML, SEE, WSMX
•
Illustration by Larger Examples: SWS Challenge, Virtual Travel Agency
•
Extensions: WSMX at work
Conclusions
www.sti-innsbruck.at
3
SEMANTIC WEB - DATA
www.sti-innsbruck.at
4
MOTIVATION
www.sti-innsbruck.at
5
Motivation
•
If the Web is about the global networking of data through URL, HTML,
and HTTP…
•
… the Semantic Web is about the global networking of knowledge
through URI, RDF, and SPARQL
•
This knowledge can be an annotation of Web data (this picture
depicts Innsbruck) or just for knowledge‘s sake (Innsbruck is a city in
Austria)
•
Structured data:
–
–
–
is a key towards Artificial Intelligence
is background knowledge
enables formal reasoning
www.sti-innsbruck.at
6
TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS
www.sti-innsbruck.at
7
Uniform Resource Identifier
Taken from http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/
www.sti-innsbruck.at
RDF
•
URIs are used to identify resources, not just things that exists on the
Web, e.g. Dieter Fensel, University of Innsbruck
•
RDF is used to make statements about resources in the form of
triples
<entity, property, value>
ex:john
ex:bill
•
ex:father-of
ex:father-of
ex:bill
ex:tom
Results in the creation of a labeled directed graph
www.sti-innsbruck.at
9
RDFS
•
•
RDFS is a language for defining RDF types
Define Classes
–
•
Relationships between classes
–
•
#Student is a class
#Student is a sub-class of #Person
Properties of classes
–
–
–
#Person has a property hasName
hasName has a domain of Person and a range of a string literal
Can define relationship between properties with rdfs:subPropertyOf
ex:john
rdf:type
ex:student
ex:hasName
“John Smith”
www.sti-innsbruck.at
10
RDFS Example
www.sti-innsbruck.at
11
OWL
•
The limitation of RDFS is that it only allows binary relations
•
OWL provides an ontology language, that is a more expressive Vocabulary
Definition Language for use with RDF
–
–
–
–
•
OWL is layered into languages of different expressiveness
–
–
–
•
Class membership
Equivalance of classes
Consistency
Classification
OWL Lite: Classification Hierarchies, Simple Constraints
OWL DL: Maximal expressiveness while maintaining tractability
OWL Full: Very high expressiveness, loses tractability, all syntactic freedom of RDF
More expressive means harder to reason with
www.sti-innsbruck.at
12
SPARQL
•
•
SPARQL is an RDF Query Language
Uses a SQL-like syntax
•
Example: Find the names of all the Students
PREFIX ex <http://www.example.org/>
PREFIX rdfs <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
SELECT ?name
FROM <http://www.uibk.ac.at/students>
WHERE{
?x rdfs:type ex:student.
?x ex:hasName ?name.
}
?name
John Smith
Tom Johnson
Bill Thompson
www.sti-innsbruck.at
13
ILLUSTRATION BY LARGER
EXAMPLES
www.sti-innsbruck.at
14
Illustration 1 – KIM Browser Plugin
• KIM Browser Plugin
Web content is annotated using
ontologies
Content can be searched and
browsed intelligently
Select one or more concepts
from the ontology…
… send the currently loaded
web page to the Annotation
Server
Annotated Content
www.sti-innsbruck.at
15
Illustration 2 – Disco Hyperdata Browser
Dereferencable
URI
www.sti-innsbruck.at
Disco Hyperdata Browser
navigating the Semantic Web as an
unbound set of data sources
16
EXTENSIONS
www.sti-innsbruck.at
17
Extensions: Linked Open Data
•
Linked Data is a method for exposing and sharing connected data via
dereferenceable URI’s on the Web
–
–
–
–
•
Use URIs to identify things that you expose to the Web as resources
Use HTTP URIs so that people can locate and look up (dereference) these things
Provide useful information about the resource when its URI is dereferenced
Include links to other, related URIs in the exposed data as a means of improving
information discovery on the Web
Linked Open Data is an initiative to interlink open data sources
– Open: Publicly available data sets that are accessible to everyone
– Interlinked: Datasets have references to one another allowing them to be used
together
www.sti-innsbruck.at
18
Extensions: Linked Open Data
www.sti-innsbruck.at
19
Extensions: Linked Open Data - FOAF
•
Friend Of A Friend (FOAF) provides a way to create machine-readable
pages about:
– People
– The links between them
– The things they do and create
•
Anyone can publish a FOAF file on the web about themselves and this
data becomes part of the Web of Data
<foaf:Person>
<foaf:name>Dieter Fensel</foaf:name>
<foaf:homepage rdf:resource="http://www.fensel.com"/>
</foaf:Person>
•
FOAF is connected to many other data sets, including
– Data sets describing music and musicians (Audio Scrobbler, MusicBrainz)
– Data sets describing photographs and who took them (Flickr)
– Data sets describing places and their relationship (GeoNames)
www.sti-innsbruck.at
20
Extensions: Linked Open Data - GeoNames
•
The GeoNames Ontology makes it possible to add geospatial semantic
information to the Web of Data
•
We can utilize GeoNames location within the FOAF profile
<foaf:Person>
<foaf:name>Dieter Fensel</foaf:name>
<foaf:homepage rdf:resource="http://www.fensel.com"/>
<foaf:based_near ” http://ws.geonames.org/rdf?geonameId=2775220"/>
</foaf:Person>
•
GeoNames is also linked to more datasets
– US Census Data
– Movie Database (Linked MDB)
– Extracted data from Wikipedia (DBpedia)
www.sti-innsbruck.at
21
Extensions: Linked Open Data - DBpedia
•
DBpedia is a community effort to extract structured information from
Wikipedia and to make this information available on the Web
•
As our FOAF profile has been linked to GeoNames, and GeoNames is
linked to DBpedia, we can ask some interesting queries over the Web
of Data
– What is the population of the city in which Dieter Fensel lives?
=> 117916 people
– At which elevation does Dieter Fensel live?
=> 574m
– Who is the mayor of the city in which Dieter Fensel lives
=> Hilde Zach
www.sti-innsbruck.at
22
SEMANTIC WEB - PROCESSES
www.sti-innsbruck.at
23
MOTIVATION
www.sti-innsbruck.at
24
Motivation
•
The Web is moving from static data to dynamic functionality
– Web services: a piece of software available over the Internet, using standardized XML
messaging systems over the SOAP protocol
– Mashups: The compounding of two or more pieces of web functionality to create
powerful web applications
– Significant growth of Web APIs
• 1.100 Web APIs on ProgrammableWeb.com (including SOAP and REST APIs)
• 3.700 Mashups on ProgrammableWeb.com (combining Web APIs from one or
more sources)
• Examples:
–
–
–
–
Amazon Web Services
iGoogle
Yahoo Pipes
RSS Feeds
25
www.sti-innsbruck.at
25
Motivation
www.sti-innsbruck.at
26
Motivation
•
Web services and mashups are limited by their syntactic nature
•
As the amount of services on the Web increases it will be harder to find
Web services in order to use them in mashups
•
The current amount of human effort required to build applications is not
sustainable at a Web scale
www.sti-innsbruck.at
27
TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS
www.sti-innsbruck.at
28
Semantic Web Services
•
Brings the benefits of Semantics to the executable part of the Web
– Ontologies as data model
– Unambiguous definition of service functionality and external interface
•
Reduce human effort in integrating services in SOA
– Many tasks in the process of using Web services can be automated
•
Improve dynamism
– New services available for use as they appear
– Service Producers and Consumers don’t need to know of each others existence
•
Improve stability
– Service interfaces are not tightly integrated so even less impact from changes
– Services can be easily replaced if they are no longer available
– Failover possibilities are limited only by the number of available services
www.sti-innsbruck.at
29
Semantic Web Services
•
Semantic Web Services are a layer on top of existing Web service
technologies and do not aim to replace them
•
Provide a formal description of services, while still being compliant with
existing and emerging technologies
•
Distinguish between a Web service (computational entity) and a service
(value provided by invocation)
•
Make Web services easier to:
–
–
–
–
Find
Compare
Compose
Invoke
www.sti-innsbruck.at
30
Technical Overview
Conceptual Model for
SWS
Formal Language for WSMO
Execution Environment
Ontology & Rule Language
for the Semantic Web
www.sti-innsbruck.at
For SWS
31
WSMO – Design Principles
Web Service versus Service
Strict Decoupling
of Modeling Elements
Ontology-Based
WSMO
Centrality of
Mediation
Ontological Role
Separation
Description versus Implementation
www.sti-innsbruck.at
32
WSMO – Conceptual Model
Objectives that a client wants to
achieve by using Web Services
Formally specified
terminology used
by all other
components
Semantic description
of Web Services
• Capability (functional)
• Interfaces (usage)
Connectors between components
with mediation facilities for handling
heterogeneities
www.sti-innsbruck.at
33
WSML – Language Family
Expressivity
WSML - Full
WSML - Rule
with
WSML - DL
f
without
WSML - Flight
WSML - Core
www.sti-innsbruck.at
34
Semantic Execution Environment
Semantic Execution Environment
broker
Discovery
Ranking
Selection
Composition
Data Mediation
Process Mediation
Monitoring
vertical
Process
Execution
Lifting &
Lowering
Reasoning
Storage
base
www.sti-innsbruck.at
35
Semantic Execution Environment - WSMX
WSMT – Web Services Modelling Toolkit
WSMX Managment
Choreography Editor
Mediator Editor
Service
Providers
Administration Framework Interface
System Interface
Adapter 2
...
Adapter n
www.sti-innsbruck.at
Data and Communication Protocols Adapters
Adapter 1
Agent
acting on
behalf of
service
requester
WSML Editor
WSMX
Service
Requesters
Back-End
Application
WSMX Monitor
WSMX Manager
WSMX Manager Core
CM
Wrapper
RM
Wrapper
Parser
Wrapper
Discovery
Wrapper
Selector
Wrapper
DM
Wrapper
PM
Wrapper
Choreography
Wrapper
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Communication
Manager
Resource
Manager
Parser
Discovery
Selector
Data
Mediator
Process
Mediator
Choreography
Invoker Receiver
Web
Service 2
...
Web
Service p
Grounding
Resource Manager Interface
WSMO Objects
Web
Service 1
Non WSMO
Objects
Reasoner Interface
Reasoner
Component
Wrapper
Interface
New
Component
36
ILLUSTRATION BY LARGER
EXAMPLES
www.sti-innsbruck.at
37
Illustration 1: SWS Challenge
Receives a customer id
and returns a full
customer description
id
Purchase Order
cid
Purchase Order
Confirmation
openOrder
addItem*
closeOrder
Blue Company can
only send POs and
receive PO
company
has discovered
Confirmations
•
•
Blue
Moon company on the Web
Allows the
opening of a PO,
Blue company wishes to communicate with Moon
company
•
the specification of the items
to be purchased and the
process interoperability
issues
closing of the PO
Broker required to resolve data and
www.sti-innsbruck.at
38
Illustration 2: Virtual Travel Agency
Rail
Services
Flight
Services
Hotel
Services
Car Hire
Services
www.sti-innsbruck.at
39
EXTENSIONS
www.sti-innsbruck.at
40
Extensions: WSMX At Work
WSMT – Web Services Modelling Toolkit
WSMX Managment
Choreography Editor
Mediator Editor
Service
Providers
Administration Framework Interface
System Interface
Adapter 2
...
Adapter n
www.sti-innsbruck.at
Data and Communication Protocols Adapters
Adapter 1
Agent
acting on
behalf of
service
requester
WSML Editor
WSMX
Service
Requesters
Back-End
Application
WSMX Monitor
WSMX Manager
WSMX Manager Core
CM
Wrapper
RM
Wrapper
Parser
Wrapper
Discovery
Wrapper
Selector
Wrapper
DM
Wrapper
PM
Wrapper
Choreography
Wrapper
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Communication
Manager
Resource
Manager
Parser
Discovery
Selector
Data
Mediator
Process
Mediator
Choreography
Invoker Receiver
Web
Service 2
...
Web
Service p
Grounding
Resource Manager Interface
WSMO Objects
Web
Service 1
Non WSMO
Objects
Reasoner Interface
Reasoner
Component
Wrapper
Interface
New
Component
41
Extensions: WSMX At Work
WSMT – Web Services Modelling Toolkit
Request to discoverWSMX Managment
Web services.
Choreography Editor
Mediator Editor
Service
Providers
Administration Framework Interface
System Interface
Adapter 2
...
Adapter n
www.sti-innsbruck.at
Data and Communication Protocols Adapters
Adapter 1
Agent
acting on
behalf of
service
requester
WSML Editor
WSMX
Service
Requesters
Back-End
Application
WSMX Monitor
WSMX Manager
WSMX Manager Core
CM
Wrapper
RM
Wrapper
Parser
Wrapper
Discovery
Wrapper
Selector
Wrapper
DM
Wrapper
PM
Wrapper
Choreography
Wrapper
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Communication
Manager
Resource
Manager
Parser
Discovery
Selector
Data
Mediator
Process
Mediator
Choreography
Invoker Receiver
Web
Service 2
...
Web
Service p
Grounding
Resource Manager Interface
WSMO Objects
Web
Service 1
Non WSMO
Objects
Reasoner Interface
Reasoner
Component
Wrapper
Interface
New
Component
42
Extensions: WSMX At Work
WSMT – Web Services Modelling Toolkit
Service
Requesters
System Interface
...
Adapter n
www.sti-innsbruck.at
Data and Communication Protocols Adapters
Adapter 2
Agent
acting on
behalf of
service
requester
Adapter 1
Back-End
Application
Goal expressed
WSMX Managment
in WSML is
sent to
WSMX System
InterfaceWSMX
WSMX Monitor
WSML Editor
Choreography Editor
Mediator Editor
Service
Providers
Administration Framework Interface
WSMX Manager
WSMX Manager Core
CM
Wrapper
RM
Wrapper
Parser
Wrapper
Discovery
Wrapper
Selector
Wrapper
DM
Wrapper
PM
Wrapper
Choreography
Wrapper
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Communication
Manager
Resource
Manager
Parser
Discovery
Selector
Data
Mediator
Process
Mediator
Choreography
Invoker Receiver
Web
Service 2
...
Web
Service p
Grounding
Resource Manager Interface
WSMO Objects
Web
Service 1
Non WSMO
Objects
Reasoner Interface
Reasoner
Component
Wrapper
Interface
New
Component
43
Extensions: WSMX At Work
WSMT – Web Services Modelling Toolkit
WSMX Managment
Com. M. implements
the interface to
receive WSML goals
System Interface
Adapter 2
...
Adapter n
www.sti-innsbruck.at
Data and Communication Protocols Adapters
Adapter 1
Agent
acting on
behalf of
service
requester
WSML Editor
Choreography Editor
Mediator Editor
WSMX
Service
Requesters
Back-End
Application
WSMX Monitor
Service
Providers
Administration Framework Interface
WSMX Manager
WSMX Manager Core
CM
Wrapper
RM
Wrapper
Parser
Wrapper
Discovery
Wrapper
Selector
Wrapper
DM
Wrapper
PM
Wrapper
Choreography
Wrapper
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Communication
Manager
Resource
Manager
Parser
Discovery
Selector
Data
Mediator
Process
Mediator
Choreography
Invoker Receiver
Web
Service 2
...
Web
Service p
Grounding
Resource Manager Interface
WSMO Objects
Web
Service 1
Non WSMO
Objects
Reasoner Interface
Reasoner
Component
Wrapper
Interface
New
Component
44
Extensions: WSMX At Work
WSMT – Web Services Modelling Toolkit
WSMX Managment
Choreography Editor
Mediator Editor
Service
Providers
Administration Framework Interface
System Interface
Adapter 2
...
Adapter n
www.sti-innsbruck.at
Data and Communication Protocols Adapters
Adapter 1
Agent
acting on
behalf of
service
requester
WSML Editor
WSMX
Service
Requesters
Back-End
Application
WSMX Monitor
WSMX Manager
WSMX Manager Core
CM
Wrapper
RM
Wrapper
Parser
Wrapper
Com. M. informs
Core that Goal
Interface
Interface
has been received
Interface
Communication
Manager
Resource
Manager
Parser
Discovery
Wrapper
Selector
Wrapper
DM
Wrapper
PM
Wrapper
Choreography
Wrapper
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Discovery
Selector
Data
Mediator
Process
Mediator
Choreography
Invoker Receiver
Web
Service 2
...
Web
Service p
Grounding
Resource Manager Interface
WSMO Objects
Web
Service 1
Non WSMO
Objects
Reasoner Interface
Reasoner
Component
Wrapper
Interface
New
Component
45
Extensions: WSMX At Work
WSMT – Web Services Modelling Toolkit
WSMX Managment
Choreography Editor
Administration Framework Interface
System Interface
Adapter 2
...
Adapter n
www.sti-innsbruck.at
Data and Communication Protocols Adapters
Adapter 1
Agent
acting on
behalf of
service
requester
WSML Editor
WSMX
Service
Requesters
Back-End
Application
WSMX Monitor
WSMX Manager
Mediator Editor
Chor. wrapper
picks up event for
Chor. component
Service
Providers
WSMX Manager Core
CM
Wrapper
RM
Wrapper
Parser
Wrapper
Discovery
Wrapper
Selector
Wrapper
DM
Wrapper
PM
Wrapper
Choreography
Wrapper
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Communication
Manager
Resource
Manager
Parser
Discovery
Selector
Data
Mediator
Process
Mediator
Choreography
Invoker Receiver
Web
Service 2
...
Web
Service p
Grounding
Resource Manager Interface
WSMO Objects
Web
Service 1
Non WSMO
Objects
Reasoner Interface
Reasoner
Component
Wrapper
Interface
New
Component
46
Extensions: WSMX At Work
WSMT – Web Services Modelling Toolkit
WSMX Managment
Choreography Editor
Administration Framework Interface
System Interface
Adapter 2
...
Adapter n
www.sti-innsbruck.at
Data and Communication Protocols Adapters
Adapter 1
Agent
acting on
behalf of
service
requester
WSML Editor
WSMX
Service
Requesters
Back-End
Application
WSMX Monitor
WSMX Manager
Mediator Editor
Service
New choreography Providers
Instance is created
WSMX Manager Core
CM
Wrapper
RM
Wrapper
Parser
Wrapper
Discovery
Wrapper
Selector
Wrapper
DM
Wrapper
PM
Wrapper
Choreography
Wrapper
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Communication
Manager
Resource
Manager
Parser
Discovery
Selector
Data
Mediator
Process
Mediator
Choreography
Invoker Receiver
Web
Service 2
...
Web
Service p
Grounding
Resource Manager Interface
WSMO Objects
Web
Service 1
Non WSMO
Objects
Reasoner Interface
Reasoner
Component
Wrapper
Interface
New
Component
47
Extensions: WSMX At Work
WSMT – Web Services Modelling Toolkit
WSMX Managment
Choreography Editor
Mediator Editor
Service
Providers
Administration Framework Interface
System Interface
Adapter 2
...
Adapter n
www.sti-innsbruck.at
Data and Communication Protocols Adapters
Adapter 1
Agent
acting on
behalf of
service
requester
WSML Editor
WSMX
Service
Requesters
Back-End
Application
WSMX Monitor
WSMX Manager
WSMX Manager Core
CM
Wrapper
RM
Wrapper
Parser
Wrapper
Discovery
Wrapper
Selector
Wrapper
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Communication
Manager
Resource
Manager
Parser
Discovery
Selector
DM
Wrapper
Core is
PM
Choreography
Wrapper
Wrapper
notified
that choreography
instance Interface
has been Interface
Interface
created.
Data
Mediator
Process
Mediator
Choreography
Invoker Receiver
Web
Service 2
...
Web
Service p
Grounding
Resource Manager Interface
WSMO Objects
Web
Service 1
Non WSMO
Objects
Reasoner Interface
Reasoner
Component
Wrapper
Interface
New
Component
48
Extensions: WSMX At Work
WSMT – Web Services Modelling Toolkit
WSMX Managment
Choreography Editor
Mediator Editor
Service
Providers
Administration Framework Interface
System Interface
Adapter 2
...
Adapter n
www.sti-innsbruck.at
Data and Communication Protocols Adapters
Adapter 1
Agent
acting on
behalf of
service
requester
WSML Editor
WSMX
Service
Requesters
Back-End
Application
WSMX Monitor
WSMX Manager
WSMX Manager Core
CM
Wrapper
Parser
Wrapper
Discovery
Wrapper
Selector
Wrapper
DM
Wrapper
PM
Wrapper
Choreography
Wrapper
WSML Interface
goal is Interface
parsedResource
to
Communication
Manager
internal
format. Parser
Manager
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Discovery
Selector
Data
Mediator
Process
Mediator
Choreography
RM
Wrapper
Interface
Invoker Receiver
Web
Service 2
...
Web
Service p
Grounding
Resource Manager Interface
WSMO Objects
Web
Service 1
Non WSMO
Objects
Reasoner Interface
Reasoner
Component
Wrapper
Interface
New
Component
49
Extensions: WSMX At Work
WSMT – Web Services Modelling Toolkit
WSMX Managment
Choreography Editor
Mediator Editor
Service
Providers
Administration Framework Interface
System Interface
Adapter 2
...
Adapter n
www.sti-innsbruck.at
Data and Communication Protocols Adapters
Adapter 1
Agent
acting on
behalf of
service
requester
WSML Editor
WSMX
Service
Requesters
Back-End
Application
WSMX Monitor
WSMX Manager
WSMX Manager Core
CM
Wrapper
RM
Wrapper
Parser
Wrapper
Discovery
Wrapper
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Communication
Manager
Resource
Manager
Parser
Selector
Wrapper
DM
Wrapper
PM
Wrapper
Choreography
Wrapper
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Discovery
is
invoked Data
Process
Discovery Selector
Choreography
for parsed goal.
Mediator Mediator
Invoker Receiver
Web
Service 2
...
Web
Service p
Grounding
Resource Manager Interface
WSMO Objects
Web
Service 1
Non WSMO
Objects
Reasoner Interface
Reasoner
Component
Wrapper
Interface
New
Component
50
Extensions: WSMX At Work
WSMT – Web Services Modelling Toolkit
WSMX Managment
Choreography Editor
Mediator Editor
Service
Providers
Administration Framework Interface
System Interface
Adapter 2
...
Adapter n
www.sti-innsbruck.at
Data and Communication Protocols Adapters
Adapter 1
Agent
acting on
behalf of
service
requester
WSML Editor
WSMX
Service
Requesters
Back-End
Application
WSMX Monitor
WSMX Manager
WSMX Manager Core
CM
Wrapper
RM
Wrapper
Parser
Wrapper
Discovery
Wrapper
Selector
Wrapper
DM
Wrapper
PM
Wrapper
Choreography
Wrapper
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Communication
Manager
Resource
Manager
Parser
Discovery
Data
Process
Invoker Receiver
Grounding
Resource Manager Interface
WSMO Objects
Non WSMO
Objects
Selector
Choreography
Discovery
may
Mediator Mediator
requires ontology
mediation.
Reasoner Interface
Reasoner
Web
Service 1
Web
Service 2
...
Web
Service p
Component
Wrapper
Interface
New
Component
51
Extensions: WSMX At Work
WSMT – Web Services Modelling Toolkit
WSMX Managment
Choreography Editor
Mediator Editor
Service
Providers
Administration Framework Interface
System Interface
Adapter 2
...
Adapter n
www.sti-innsbruck.at
Data and Communication Protocols Adapters
Adapter 1
Agent
acting on
behalf of
service
requester
WSML Editor
WSMX
Service
Requesters
Back-End
Application
WSMX Monitor
WSMX Manager
WSMX Manager Core
CM
Wrapper
RM
Wrapper
Parser
Wrapper
Discovery
Wrapper
Selector
Wrapper
DM
Wrapper
PM
Wrapper
Choreography
Wrapper
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Process
Mediator
Choreography
Communication
Manager
Resource
Manager
Parser
Invoker Receiver
Grounding
After data mediation,
Data
DiscoveryDiscovery
Selectoriterates,
Mediator
if needed through
last steps until
result set is finished.
Resource Manager Interface
WSMO Objects
Non WSMO
Objects
Reasoner Interface
Reasoner
Web
Service 1
Web
Service 2
...
Web
Service p
Component
Wrapper
Interface
New
Component
52
Extensions: WSMX At Work
WSMT – Web Services Modelling Toolkit
WSMX Managment
Choreography Editor
Mediator Editor
Service
Providers
Administration Framework Interface
System Interface
Adapter 2
...
Adapter n
www.sti-innsbruck.at
Data and Communication Protocols Adapters
Adapter 1
Agent
acting on
behalf of
service
requester
WSML Editor
WSMX
Service
Requesters
Back-End
Application
WSMX Monitor
WSMX Manager
WSMX Manager Core
CM
Wrapper
RM
Wrapper
Parser
Wrapper
Discovery
Wrapper
Selector
Wrapper
DM
Wrapper
PM
Wrapper
Choreography
Wrapper
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Communication
Manager
Resource
Manager
Parser
Discovery
Data
Process
Selector
Selection
is invoked
Mediator
Mediator
Invoker Receiver
Grounding
Resource Manager Interface
WSMO Objects
Choreography
to relax result set to
finally one service.
Non WSMO
Objects
Reasoner Interface
Reasoner
Web
Service 1
Web
Service 2
...
Web
Service p
Component
Wrapper
Interface
New
Component
53
Extensions: WSMX At Work
WSMT – Web Services Modelling Toolkit
WSMX Managment
Choreography Editor
Mediator Editor
Service
Providers
Administration Framework Interface
System Interface
Adapter 2
...
Adapter n
www.sti-innsbruck.at
Data and Communication Protocols Adapters
Adapter 1
Agent
acting on
behalf of
service
requester
WSML Editor
WSMX
Service
Requesters
Back-End
Application
WSMX Monitor
WSMX Manager
WSMX Manager Core
CM
Wrapper
RM
Wrapper
Parser
Wrapper
Discovery
Wrapper
Selector
Wrapper
DM
Wrapper
PM
Wrapper
Choreography
Wrapper
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Communication
Manager
Resource
Manager
Parser
Discovery
Selector
Data
Mediator
requester is checked
for next steps.
Invoker Receiver
Grounding
Resource Manager Interface
WSMO Objects
Process
Choreography
Choreography
Mediator
instance for goal
Non WSMO
Objects
Reasoner Interface
Reasoner
Web
Service 1
Web
Service 2
...
Web
Service p
Component
Wrapper
Interface
New
Component
54
Extensions: WSMX At Work
WSMT – Web Services Modelling Toolkit
WSMX Managment
Choreography Editor
Mediator Editor
Service
Providers
Administration Framework Interface
System Interface
Adapter 2
...
Adapter n
www.sti-innsbruck.at
Data and Communication Protocols Adapters
Adapter 1
Agent
acting on
behalf of
service
requester
WSML Editor
WSMX
Service
Requesters
Back-End
Application
WSMX Monitor
WSMX Manager
WSMX Manager Core
CM
Wrapper
RM
Wrapper
Parser
Wrapper
Discovery
Wrapper
Selector
Wrapper
DM
Wrapper
PM
Wrapper
Choreography
Wrapper
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Parser
Discovery
Selector
Data
Mediator
Process
Mediator
Choreography
Result is returned
to Com. Man.Resource
to be
Communication
forwarded to Manager
the
Manager
service requester.
Invoker Receiver
Web
Service 2
...
Web
Service p
Grounding
Resource Manager Interface
WSMO Objects
Web
Service 1
Non WSMO
Objects
Reasoner Interface
Reasoner
Component
Wrapper
Interface
New
Component
55
Extensions: WSMX At Work
WSMT – Web Services Modelling Toolkit
WSMX Managment
WSMX
Service
Requesters
System Interface
...
Adapter n
www.sti-innsbruck.at
Data and Communication Protocols Adapters
Adapter 2
Agent
acting on
behalf of
service
requester
Adapter 1
Back-End
Application
WSMX Monitor
WSML Editor
Set of Web Service
descriptions
expressed in WSML
sent to adapter.
Choreography Editor
Mediator Editor
Service
Providers
Administration Framework Interface
WSMX Manager
WSMX Manager Core
CM
Wrapper
RM
Wrapper
Parser
Wrapper
Discovery
Wrapper
Selector
Wrapper
DM
Wrapper
PM
Wrapper
Choreography
Wrapper
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Communication
Manager
Resource
Manager
Parser
Discovery
Selector
Data
Mediator
Process
Mediator
Choreography
Invoker Receiver
Web
Service 2
...
Web
Service p
Grounding
Resource Manager Interface
WSMO Objects
Web
Service 1
Non WSMO
Objects
Reasoner Interface
Reasoner
Component
Wrapper
Interface
New
Component
56
Extensions: WSMX At Work
Set of Web Service
descriptions expressed
in requester’s own
WSMX Managment
format returned to
goal requester.
WSMX
Service
Requesters
System Interface
...
Adapter n
www.sti-innsbruck.at
Data and Communication Protocols Adapters
Adapter 2
Agent
acting on
behalf of
service
requester
Adapter 1
Back-End
Application
WSMT – Web Services Modelling Toolkit
WSMX Monitor
WSML Editor
Choreography Editor
Mediator Editor
Service
Providers
Administration Framework Interface
WSMX Manager
WSMX Manager Core
CM
Wrapper
RM
Wrapper
Parser
Wrapper
Discovery
Wrapper
Selector
Wrapper
DM
Wrapper
PM
Wrapper
Choreography
Wrapper
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Communication
Manager
Resource
Manager
Parser
Discovery
Selector
Data
Mediator
Process
Mediator
Choreography
Invoker Receiver
Web
Service 2
...
Web
Service p
Grounding
Resource Manager Interface
WSMO Objects
Web
Service 1
Non WSMO
Objects
Reasoner Interface
Reasoner
Component
Wrapper
Interface
New
Component
57
SUMMARY
www.sti-innsbruck.at
58
Summary
•
The Semantic Web provides a mechanism for
– Representing knowledge on the Web
– Annotating data on the Web
– Annotating services on the Web
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Everything is identified by a URI
RDF to assert relations between resources
RDFS and OWL to make statements about types
SPARQL to query RDF data
WSMO as a conceptual model
WSML for describing services at different levels of expressivity
WSMX as a Semantic Execution Environment for bringing requesters
and providers together
www.sti-innsbruck.at
59
REFERENCES
www.sti-innsbruck.at
60
References
•
•
•
•
•
•
Semantic Web Primer: http://www.ics.forth.gr/isl/swprimer/
Linked Open Data: http://linkeddata.org/
Linked Open Data Tutorial: http://www4.wiwiss.fuberlin.de/bizer/pub/LinkedDataTutorial/
WSMO: http://www.wsmo.org/TR/d2/
WSML: http://www.wsmo.org/TR/d16/d16.1/
WSMO/WSML Tutorials: http://wiki.sti2.at/index.php?title=WSMT_Tutorials
•
Wikipedia:
–
URI: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URI
–
RDF; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework
–
RDFS: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDFS
–
SPARQL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPARQL
–
WSMO: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WSMO
–
WSML: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Services_Modeling_Language
www.sti-innsbruck.at
61
Exam Preparation
•
Tbd.
www.sti-innsbruck.at
62
Questions?
www.sti-innsbruck.at
63