Transcript Ch. 15 Agricultural Revolution




Aristocrats- 5% of population
Controlled majority of land
Aristocrats used existing government
institutions to limit the power of the
monarchy




Consists of 400 of families
Game Laws- gave English exclusive rights to
hunt from 1671 to 1831 to hunt
Owned ¼ of all arable land
Controlled the House of Lords and House of
Commons (limited power of Monarcy)


Consisted of Military Officers and Bureaucrats
Two major groups:
◦ Those who were at Versailles (wealthy and power)
◦ Those who were not Versailles



Polish exerted complete control over serfs
and had sole political representation
Austria and Hungary-exempt from taxation
Russia 1785 Charter of the NobilityCatherine the Great defined the legal rights of
nobles and their families in exchange for
nobilities voluntary service of state



¾ of all Europeans lived in country during
18th century
Great Britain- Technically had rights of
English Citizens (court run by landowners)
France- Responsible for amount of forced
labor corvee. Paid feudal dues


Prussia- complete control of serfs
Russian Serfs- slaves, had no legal rights
◦ Numerous revolts between 1762 and 1769
◦ Pugachev’s Rebellion between 1773-1775



Relatively free because of high demand of
labor
Could leave landlords if choose
Gave more power within system



Households in Northwest Europe- consisted
of married couple and children (immediate
family)
Children leave in teens and find work to
support family
Neolocalism- leave and form own families
around 20s (stayed relatively close to home)



Marriage much earlier (before 20)
Wives older than husbands
3 or 4 generations lived under same roof

Production improves in Netherlands (Golden
Age)
◦ Built Dikes
◦ Expanded Land
◦ Experimented with new crops

English Landlords popularized Dutch
innovations
◦ Jethro Tull- financed experiments permitted land to
remain cultivated longer
◦ Robert Bakewell- new methods of Animal Breeding
◦ Charles Townsend- use of fertlizer and crop
rotation

Enclosure Method:
◦ replaced open field method (village commons) of
farming.
◦ Commercialized agriculture and maximized profits
for landlord



Made possible the production of more goods
and services than ever before
Iron Production- redefines gender roles: men
to mines; women to cottage industries
New machinery invented (from animal to
machine power)
◦ Spinning Jenny
◦ Water Frame
◦ The Steam Engine




The Growth of Cities (urbanization) 16501700
Agricultural Revolution- allows for urban
centers to grow
Industrial Revolution- requires workers to live
nearby factories
Social Divisions- upper classes; middle class;
artisans; and peasants



Majority lives in Eastern Europe (exception
Netherlands)
Russia- Catherine the Great intolerant of
Jewish population discourage settlement
Jewish population were persecuted all across
Europe