Transcript Building a Knowledge Management System:The Ohio State

New Information Space and Place:
The Research Library in the Digital Age
Joseph J. Branin
Director of Libraries, the Ohio State University
[email protected]
III International Conference on University Libraries
Mexico City
October 28-29, 2004
A great university: a great library
Changes in Space and Place for Research
Libraries in the Digital Age
1.
2.
Information Space: The evolution of collections work in
research libraries: from collection development to collection
management to knowledge management
 Why and how we have evolved towards knowledge
management
 The Knowledge Bank project at the Ohio State
University: building a knowledge management system
Learning Place: The integration of active teaching and
learning into the physical and virtual research library
 Designing learning places: physical and virtual
 The renovation of the William Oxley Thompson (Main)
Library at the Ohio State University
From Collection Development to Knowledge
Management
1950-1975: Collection Development
1975-2000: Collection Management
2000- :Knowledge Management
1950-1975: Collection Development
Collection development
•Acquisitions and selection
Major environmental factors
• Rapid growth in scholarship and
libraries
• Rise of government sponsored
research
• Professionalization of collection
management
•Collection building
Increase in Mathematical Literature
50,000
Andrew M. Odlyzko, Tragic loss or good riddance? The
Impending demise of traditional scholarly journals. Notices
Amer. Math Soc. 42 (January 1995), 49
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
1870
1900
1930
1960
1995
Growth of Publication
Book Production
900,000
800,000
700,000
842,000
715,500
UNESCO Worldwide
Annual Book Titles
600,000
1980
1989
Articles
832,833
1,000,000
500,000
354,875
“Trends in Scientific
Scholarly Journal Publishing
in the US,” Tenopir and King
0
1975
1995
Math Papers
50,000
60000
40000
20000
840
0
1870
1995
Annual publications in
Mathematics, Andrew
Odlyzko, AT&T Bell
Laboratories
Continuing Growth of Publication
OCLC: 2004 Information Format Trends
Professionalization of Collection Management
 Charles Osburn, Academic research and library
resources: changing patterns in America, 1979
 Allen Kent, Use of library material: The
University of Pittsburgh study, 1979
 American Library Association, Collection
Management Institutes and Guidelines,
1980’s
1975-2000: Collection Management
Major environmental factors
Collection management agenda
•budget constraints
•collection policy development
•materials budget allocation
•collection analysis
• use and user studies
•training and organization of
collection managers
• preservation
•cooperative collection
development
•commercialization of scholarship
in the sciences
•new digital technology
Cooperative Collection Development
 Farmington Plan of the 1950s and 1960s
 National Periodicals Center of the 1970s
 RLG Conspectus of the 1980s
 OhioLink created in 1993
 Lessons Learned: power of local autonomy,
highly decentralized system, difficulty of
moving print around, new opportunities in
digital environment
Advances in the Digital InformationTechnology:
Growth of the Internet
In 1996 there were 90,000 Web sites, and it is estimated that the Web doubles
in size every 50 days with a new homepage added every 4 seconds
(Nicholas Negroponte, Wired Magazine, 2-1-96)
Growth of the Web
Web Characterization Project <http://wcp.oclc.org/>
10,000,000
9,040,000
8,745,000
9,000,000
8,000,000
7,399,000
7,000,000
6,000,000
4,882,000
5,000,000
4,000,000
2,942,000
2,851,000
3,000,000
3,119,000
3,080,000
2,229,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
1,570,000
1,457,000
800,000
0
1996/1997
1997/1998
1998/1999
Public
1999/2000
Total
2000/2001
2001/2002
Type of Library Use by Group
and Academic Area
University of Washington Library Newsletter
Winter 2002
Visit in person
Use office
computer
Use home
computer
Faculty
1998
2001
1998
2001
1998
2001
Health Sciences
37.9
28.1
76.2
75.7
40.5
43.4
Humanities/Soc Science
60.7
56.4
70.2
76.7
47.1
51.5
Science/Engineering
49.3
41.8
64.7
75.4
23.6
33.9
All Faculty
47.3
40.6
71.0
76.1
37.4
43
Health Sciences
79.7
59.6
39.8
50.6
49.2
59.6
Humanities/Soc Science
82.5
72.1
47.5
56.1
52.0
62.6
Science/Engineering
68.2
45.1
57.4
69.4
32.6
42.5
All Graduate Students
77.7
59.6
48.1
58.5
45.7
55.2
Graduate Students
User Priorities
University of Washington Library Newsletter Winter
2002
 Delivering full-text to the desktop
 Providing electronic full-text access to older
journals
 Maintaining the quality of the Libraries' print
collection
2000 - :Knowledge Management
Major environmental factors
• New digital opportunities and threat
• Ownership and control issues with the scholarly
record
Knowledge management
• Managing print and digital information systems
• Consortia collections
• Enterprise-wide content management
• Web Publishing
• Information policy
• Reforming Scholarly Publishing
Managing Print Collections in the Digital Age
 Using digital technology to better manage print
collections
• Bibliographic control, document delivery,
reformatting through digitization
 The future of print in a digital information system
• The “physicality” of print
 The “storage center” option for infrequently-used
material
• Preservation, cooperation, last copy retention
Touch of Print: Making Sense of Information
Library Storage Needs
Low Memorial Library
1894
Butler Library
1934
Overcrowded Shelving Conditions
Less-than-ideal Storage Conditions
Ohio LINK Database Searches:
Cumulated Monthly
Cumulative Monthly All Database Searches
15,000,000
14,000,000
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
13,000,000
12,000,000
11,000,000
10,000,000
9,000,000
8,000,000
7,000,000
6,000,000
5,000,000
4,000,000
3,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
0
Jan-01
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Article Downloads from the
OhioLINK Electronic Journal Center
1,600,000
1,449,086
1,400,000
1,295,113
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
663,540
680,006
Jan-June 2000
July-Dec 2000
600,000
380,028
400,000
224,572
200,000
156,134
0
July-Dec 1998
Jan-June 1999
July-Dec 1999
Jan-June 2001
July-Dec 2001
Cost Effective Purchasing Power
Average Annual Journal Cost Increase for Typical
Academic Research College Library
Average Annual Cost Increase for Journals
Licensed Through OhioLINK
8.0%
7.7%
6.1%
4.5%
2001 vs 2000
2002 vs 2001
Knowledge Management Basics
1.
2.
3.
Data, information, and knowledge
Tacit and explicit knowledge
The dynamic and social nature of knowledge
management
Peter Drucker, The Coming of the new organization,
Harvard Business Review, 1988
Special issue on Knowledge Management in Journal
of the American Society for Information
Science and Technology, 2002
Knowledge Management Definitions
Data = simple, discrete facts and figures
Information = data organized for a meaningful purpose
Knowledge = Knowledge is a fluid mix of framed
experience, values, contextual information, and
expert insight that provides a framework for
evaluating and incorporating new experience and
information. It originates and is applied in the minds
of knowers. In organizations, it often becomes
embedded not only in documents and repositories
but also in organizational routines, processes,
practices, and norms. (Davenport and Prusak, Working
Knowledge, 1998)
Explicit and Tacit Knowledge





Formally articulated
Documented
Stored in repositories
Reports, lessons learned
Fixed, codified
From Claire McInernye, JASIST, 2002
 Transferred through
conversations
 Difficult to articulate or
unspoken
 Held within self,
personal
 Insight and
understanding
 Judgments,
assumptions
The Nature of Knowledge Management
 Knowledge happens in and among people; it is the
social life of information
 Inclusive or enterprise-wide view of data,
information, and knowledge
• Managing expertise
• Creating a culture of learning and of sharing
knowledge
 Dynamic process of creation, elicitation, and sharing
Huntington Archive: Asian Art
The OSU Knowledge Bank
Diverse Sources
Unified Access
Integrated Information
Trusted Archive
A Proposal for Development of an
OSU Knowledge Bank
Submitted to the
OSU Distance Learning/Continuing Education Committee
June 21, 2002
http://www.lib.ohio-state.edu/Lib_Info/scholarcom/KBproposal.html
By
The OSU Knowledge Bank Planning Committee
Chair: Joseph J. Branin, Director of Libraries
The Knowledge Bank Broadly Defined
The OSU Knowledge Bank project proposes to create a
knowledge management system for the University that will
support the creation, organization, storage, and
dissemination of the institution’s digital information assets.
The Knowledge Bank will be both a “referatory” providing
links to digital objects and a “repository” capable of
archiving the increasing volume of digital content created at
OSU for long-term use and preservation
Digital Knowledge Bank at OSU
 Online Published Material
• E-books, e-journals,
government documents,
handbooks
 Online Reference Tools
• Catalogs, indexes, dictionaries,
encyclopedias, directories
 Online Information Services
• Scholar’s portal, alumni portal,
chat reference, online tutorials,,
e-reserves, e-course packs,
technology help center
 Electronic Records Management
 Administrative Data Warehouse
 Digital Publishing Assistance
• Pre-print services
• E-books, e-journal support
• Web site development and
maintenance
 Faculty Research Directory
 Digital Institutional Repository
•
•
•
•
•
Digital special collections
Rich media (multimedia)
Data sets and files
Theses/dissertations
Faculty publications, prepublications, working papers
• Educational materials
• Learning objects
• Course reserves/E-course pack
materials
• Course Web sites
 Information Policy
 Research/Development in
Digital Information Services
• User needs studies
• Applying best practice
• Assistance with Technology
Transfer
Cooperative and Enterprise Approach to
Building the Knowledge Bank
 The Ohio State University
• Libraries, Chief Information Officer, Office of
Research, University Press, Academic faculty and
technologists
 OhioLINK
• Digital Media Center, Electronic Journals Center,
Chat Reference (Ohio Super Computer Center,
Ohio Learning Network)
 OCLC, Chemical Abstracts
 MIT: DSpace Federation
Examples of New Approaches at the Ohio
State University
 Open access dissertations
• Open Access: the free availability of scholarly literature
on the public Internet (Open Access News at
http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/fosblog.html)
• ArXiv
• Directory of Open Access Journals
• Public Library of Science
• NIH Proposal
 Sharing and management of images and sounds
• Squeeze collection
• Bird sounds
 Wetlands Research Center papers and reports
Examples of New Approaches at the Ohio
State University
 Open access dissertations
 Sharing and management of images and sounds
• Squeeze collection
• Bird sounds
 Wetlands Research Center papers and reports
 Open access e-books and journals
• Out-of-print University Press titles (with Press)
• Journals in Slavic Studies and in Music (with
Departments
• E-book on e-government (with Glenn Center)
Examples of New Approaches at the Ohio
State University
 Open access dissertations
 Sharing and management of images and sounds
• Squeeze collection
• Bird sounds
 Wetlands Research Center papers and reports
 Open access e-books and journals
• Out-of-print University Press titles (with Press)
• Journals in Slavic Studies and in Music (with
Departments
• E-book on e-government (with Glenn Center)
Examples of New Approaches at the Ohio
State University
 Open access dissertations
 Sharing and management of images and sounds
• Squeeze collection
• Bird sounds
 Wetlands Research Center papers and reports
 Open access e-books and journals
• Out-of-print University Press titles (with Press)
• Journals in Slavic Studies and in Music (with
Departments
• E-book on e-government (with Glenn Center)
The OSU Knowledge Bank
Diverse
Integrated
Knowledge Bank Team
Sources
Internet
+
New Technology
Unified Access
Trusted Archive
Worldwide
Resources
Information
Leadership Training
Coordination Standards
Technical Support
Knowledge
Bank
Engine
Enriched Instruction
OSU SONNET Network
Collaborative Research
OARNet
Columbus &
Ohio Resources
OSU Central
Databases
OSU Academic
Unit Databases
OSU Faculty
Data
Business Partnerships
New Roles for the Knowledge Manager
 Librarians “can no longer meet the information needs of faculty
and students through the traditional avenue of simply adding to
their collections.” (Battin and Hawkins, Mirage of Continuity, 1998)
 New Roles
• Managing knowledge content (working more closely with faculty
and students to design, organize, and maintain a broader range of
digital assets.)
• Using information technology to create new organizational
(metadata), retrieval (discovery), and storage (preservation)
options
• More active role in the educational and research mission of
university (integrating information resources and services in course
and research projects)
• Active educators: teaching students and faculty information
literacy
Learning Place: the “Research Library” as a
“Teaching Library”
 Growing importance on “information literacy” in the
open access, networked environment of the public
Internet
• Growth of library instruction
• New Reference Techniques
• Net Tutor
 Connecting information resources to teaching
• Course Management Systems
• Course reserves, learning objects, curriculum
materials
 New learning space design in library facilities
Service Trends in ARL Libraries, 1991-2003
Thompson Library Renovation
 $99 million
8 year project
 Feasibility Study
2000 – 2002
 Design Work
2002 – 2004
 Construction
2005-2008
New Learning Space Design in Libraries
 Balance between collections and user space
 Open office or studios for library staff
 Robust information technology infrastructure
 Attention to social amenities: café, lighting,
displays, soft furniture,
 Variety of spaces: quiet, private, gathering
places, much more group study, very flexible
meeting and teaching space
 Space for events and programs: exhibits,
lectures, seminars, working groups,
multimedia studio work
The Original Reading Room
The Current Reading Room
Proposed Restoration
Renovated Thompson Library at
Ohio State University
Changes in Space and Place for Research
Libraries in the Digital Age
1.
2.
Information Space: The evolution of collections work in
research libraries: from collection development to collection
management to knowledge management
 Why and how we have evolved towards knowledge
management
 The Knowledge Bank project at the Ohio State
University: building a knowledge management system
Learning Place: The integration of active teaching and
learning into the physical and virtual research library
 Designing learning places: physical and virtual
 The renovation of the William Oxley Thompson (Main)
Library at the Ohio State University
Thank You! Muchas Gracias!