Transcript Diapositiva 1
ISO 15926 and RDF statements DEPUIS - Rome 14
th
, 15
th
May
David Leal, CAESAR Systems Limited
Using emerging technologies
• Identifying things by HTTP URIs – getting data about them by “ dereferencing ” • Data as RDF statements – readable RDF as N3 – a little bit of formality from OWL • The importance of standard RDF vocabularies – This is what will make it work – This is our task
About URIs
• a URI is just a string of characters – They are unique identifiers for things, which are used on the web – A thing can have more than one URI, but a URI identifies only one thing • HTTP URI – formerly called a URL – The use of an HTTP URI implies that an HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) access, e.g. from a browser, is valid – But you may be disappointed and get “error 404” – stern reply no answer was the • a URN – A URI which does not imply any form of access – used by some organisations – e.g. ISO, ISBN –
urn:iso:std:iso:15926:-2
The Web is based upon HTTP URIs – don’t worry about URNs
What a URI identifies
Uniform Resource Identifier • a web page –
http://www.iom3.org/index.htm
– You can open it with your browser – data is downloaded – You can follow links to other web pages • an object –
http://www.iom3.org/
– This is the organisation Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining – It has a Royal Charter – it cannot be downloaded to a browser • a formula –
http://www.iom3.org/formula.n3
– This is a computer interpretable file of RDF statements about the IoM3 – It can be process by Semantic Web browser or by an application
Dereferencing a URI
“dereferencing” means attempting to get some data. You can only dereference an HTTP URI.
• If the URI identifies a web page – you get it • If the URI identifies an RDF formula – you get it • It the URI identifies an object ....
– The object could be the Eiffel Tower, or the Institute of Materials – neither can be downloaded to your browser – either you get nothing (error 404), or you are redirected to a
“representation”
access to
http://www.iom3.org/
is redirected to
http://www.iom3.org/index.htm
Semantic Web technologies
• RDF (Resource Description Framework) – making statements on the Web –
http://www.w3.org/RDF/
• N3 (Notation 3) – a simple way of writing down an RDF statement –
http://www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/n3/ An opportunity to:
• record information more simply • enable others to use our concepts • use the concepts of others
Cool URIs for the Semantic Web
• How it can work – an overview of how to use HTML and RDF together –
http://www.w3.org/TR/cooluris/ A key document:
• latest version 31 st March 2008
RDF diagram believes Jane
Getting started
loves Janet John N3
Getting started
identify the people
namespaces @prefix people:
@prefix relationships:
people:Janet relationship:loves people:John .
identify the human relationships
….. or as XML
]> http://www.iom3.org/index.htm click to view the formula • Usually redirection takes you to an HTML web page – This is good, because a person may need to know what a URI identifies – the web page can tell him or her • If an application want the formula, then there are two options: – content negotiation – the HTTP protocol allows the GET request to specify the required format – RDF can be specified – link from the HTML file applications when required – this is hidden in the header and is used by http://www.iom3.org/index.htm Clever browsers
Clever browsers
Suppose you want a formula
Suppose you want a formula
link to the formula ......
Suppose you want a formula
http://www.iom3.org/formula.n3
@prefix con:
@prefix tabont:
@prefix foaf:
@prefix dc:
vocabulary about engineering organisations
and events dc:title "Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining" ;
......
item/08-12345
An individual product
http://packing-machinery.cn/item/08-12345 – bar code – RFID Ruian Zhuxin Machinery Co. Ltd.
manufactured by type model/ML1800
An individual product
http://packing-machinery.cn/item/08-12345 http://packing-machinery.cn/item/08-12345/formula.n3
@prefix rzm:
@prefix iso:
dereference to get a formula about the model
A class of product
http://packing-machinery.cn/model/ML1800 who defines the vocabularies?
– an ISO or IEC committee – a trade association http://packing-machinery.cn/model/ML1800/formula.n3
@prefix rzm:
@prefix iso:
@prefix packing
What is ISO 15926 for?
• To record facts, by the use of reference data • To record changes • Each fact can have a separate audit trail • Support for data warehousing
– Large scope requires simple and generic approach
Simple connection example
pump P-101 pipe A-256-h 2 ″ 300# RF 2 ″ 150# RF
thanks to Hans Teijgeler
2 ″ 300/150# RF connection
Simple connection example
pipe A-256-h 2 ″ 300# RF connection assembly C-101 2 ″ 150# RF pump P-101
thanks to Hans Teijgeler
Simple connection example
connection assembly C-101 pipe A-256-h pump P-101 pipe A-256 end 2 flange type 2″ 300# RF part of connection assembly C-101 type 2″ 300/150# RF connection part of pump P-101 suction nozzle flange type 2″ 150# RF
thanks to Hans Teijgeler
Simple connection example
connection assembly C-101 pipe A-256-h pump P-101 pipe A-256 end 2 flange part composition
in ISO 15926-2 but not needed for RDF implementation
whole connection assembly C-101 classified classification classifier 2″ 300/150# RF connection
thanks to Hans Teijgeler
Simple connection example
connection assembly C-101 pipe A-256-h pump P-101 pipe A-256 end 2 flange type 2″ 300# RF part of connection assembly C-101 type 2″ 300/150# RF connection part of pump P-101 suction nozzle flange type 2″ 150# RF
thanks to Hans Teijgeler
Simple connection example
connection assembly C-101 pipe A-256-h pump P-101
unit45:A-256-h_end2_fl a api:fl_2in_300pd_rf ; iso:partOf unit45:C_101 ; iso:partOf unit45:A-256-h .
Simple connection example
connection assembly C-101 pipe A-256-h pump P-101 unit45:A-256-h_end2_fl
a api:fl_2in_300pd_rf ; iso:partOf unit45:C_101 ; iso:partOf unit45:A-256-h .
Simple connection example
connection assembly C-101 pipe A-256-h pump P-101
unit45:A-256-h_end2_fl a api:fl_2in_300pd_rf ; iso:partOf
unit45:C_101
; iso:partOf unit45:A-256-h .
Simple connection example
connection assembly C-101 pipe A-256-h pump P-101
unit45:A-256-h_end2_fl a api:fl_2in_300pd_rf ; iso:partOf unit45:C_101 ; iso:partOf
unit45:A-256-h
.
Simple connection example
connection assembly C-101 pipe A-256-h pump P-101
URIs assigned by the user @prefix unit45:
unit45:A-256-h_end2_fl a api:fl_2in_300pd_rf ; iso:partOf unit45:C_101 ; iso:partOf unit45:A-256-h .
Simple connection example
connection assembly C-101 pipe A-256-h pump P-101
URI assigned by a standard body – standard pipe fitting classes @prefix unit45:
@prefix api:
unit45:A-256-h_end2_fl a api:fl_2in_300pd_rf ; iso:partOf unit45:C_101 ; iso:partOf unit45:A-256-h .
Simple connection example
connection assembly C-101 pipe A-256-h pump P-101
URI assigned by a standard body – standard pipe fitting classes @prefix unit45:
@prefix api:
@prefix iso:
unit45:A-256-h_end2_fl a api:fl_2in_300pd_rf ; iso:partOf unit45:C_101 ; iso:partOf unit45:A-256-h .
Making this happen • Users assign URIs to things – cool URIs don’t change • Standard bodies provide vocabularies – ISO does generic stuff – Trade associations do more detailed stuff
Basic vocabulary and reference data
thing classification individual flange 2" flange composition raised face flange
20,000 200 20
API 2 ″ 300# RF
2,000,000
philosophy basic engineering process oil and gas commodities ISO 15926-2 ISO 15926-4 ISO + trade associations Fred Bloggs part type A1234-5
??,000,000
supplier parts suppliers and manufacturers
Looking forward to LCA data
• A vocabulary for recording LCA data – derived from ISO 14048 “Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Data documentation format” • LCA data about “supplier parts” published on the web by a manufacturer or supplier • LCA data about commodities published by trade associations – including LCA data for energy supplies • LCA data for generic classes of product provided by LCA authorities – EU LCA InfoHub
LCA data in the formula
http://packing-machinery.cn/model/ML1800 http://packing-machinery.cn/model/ML1800/formula.n3
• Each item of model ML1800 requires: – emissions of 25 kg CO2 to produce; – emissions of -4 kg CO2 to dispose (negative because recycling displaces mineral extraction); – emission of 0.001kg CO2 per hour to run (European electricity generation mix).
LCA data in the formula
http://packing-machinery.cn/model/ML1800 actually it is more complicated http://packing-machinery.cn/model/ML1800/formula.n3
rzm:model/ML1800 lca:unitProductionCO2emission [ scale:kilogram 25 ] ; lca:unitDisposalCO2emission [ scale:kilogram -4 ] ; lca:hourUseCO2emission [ scale:kilogram 0.001 ] .
ML1800
Actually it is more complicated
reference output manufacture of 1 ML1800 item but not different in principle output flow output flow output flow substance CO 2 material flow 1 flow 2 material amount 25 kg destination destination substance SO 2 atmosphere
objects and relationships defined in ISO 14048
amount 0.01 kg flow 3
Actually it is more complicated
vocabulary for LCA from ISO 14048 rxm:process/ML1800 lca:hasOutputFlow [ a lca:ReferenceFlow ; lca:destination lca:Technosphere ; lca:material [ lca:loadOf rxm:model/ML1800 ; lca:numberInLoad 1 ] ] ; lca:hasOutputFlow [ lca:destination lca:Atmosphere ; URI for substances from somewhere?
lca:Material [ a iupac:CarbonDioxide ; lca:amount [ scale:kilogram 25 ] ] ] ; lca:hasOutputFlow [ lca:destination lca:Atmosphere ; lca:Material [ a iupac:SulfurDioxide ; lca:amount [ scale:kilogram 0.01 ] ] ] ; ......
Making this work
• Material products have HTTP URIs – A new business process • Dereferencing gives: – Web page of information about the product – – RDF formula about the product – Web 3.0
Web 1.0
• Standard vocabularies to use in the formulae – Vocabularies for product properties – Vocabularies for LCA • LCA data published using the same approach – Products have URIs, dereferencing give LCA data
product
A future scenario
supply 1 LCA data from analysis of supply supply x LCA data from analysis of supply supply y supply 2 supply z subclass of subclass of subclass of class A class B class C class D classes of supply with LCA data – LCA catalogues linked to industrial catalogues class D