Transcript Document

Assessment Tools
at Company Level
Hamburg, June 14th 2002
By Tom
Feijtel, PhD
Associate Director, Product Safety
Procter & Gamble
1
Outline
CONTEXT – P&G
 R&D Business Decision-making
 Environmental Management Framework
 Sound Management of
Chemicals/Products
 Substitution ? Tools and Illustration
 Conclusions

Procter & Gamble




Global consumer goods company
Sales of > $40 billion/yr
Operates in over 140 countries
More than 300 brands






Laundry and cleaning products
Personal care & beauty care products
Pampers, Tissue Towels
Pharmaceuticals
Food and petfood
Over 120 manufacturing sites worldwide
STATEMENT OF
PURPOSE:
“WE WILL PROVIDE
PRODUCTS OF SUPERIOR
QUALITY AND VALUE
THAT IMPROVE THE
LIVES OF THE WORLD’S
CONSUMERS”
In practical terms…
The integration of :

Economic Development

Social Responsibility

Environmental Protection
Improving
the
Quality of
Life….
Sustainability ……………
An operational definition
“Sustainable development is a
very simple idea. It’s about
ensuring a better quality of
life for everyone, now and for
generations to come.”
Department of the Environment, Transport
and the Regions, London, UK, February 1998
R&D Business Decision-making
Customer Consumers
Consumer Test
Organizations
Addressing
Societal Concerns
Market
Research
Consumer
Tests
LCI
data
R&D-Business
Decision
Human &
Env RA
Efficient Resource
and
Waste Management
Performance
Cost
Supply
Processing
Competition
Compliance and Risk Assessment :
- Production & manufacturing compliance
- Chemical classification/labeling
- Chemical testing & registration
- Risk Assessment
- etc..
Bench Marking
Performance/Value
AN ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT
FRAMEWORK
Recognizes Four Key Elements:
Human and Environmental Safety
 Regulatory Compliance
 Efficient Resource Use and Waste
Management
 Consideration of Social Concerns

R e g u la to ry C o m p lia n c e
S a fe ty
•
•
•
•
•
• H um an H ealth R isk A ssessm ent
• E cological R isk A ssessm ent
M a n u fa c tu rin g s ite m g m t.. s y s te m s a u d itin g
M a n u fa c tu rin g s ite w a s te s re p o rtin g
M a te ria l c o n s u m p tio n re p o rtin g
N e w c h e m ic a ls te s tin g a n d re g is tra tio n
P ro d u c t & p a c k a g in g c la s s ific a tio n & la b e llin g
O B J E C T IV E
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
E c o n o m ic a lly (a n d te c h n ic a lly ) F e a s ib le ,
S o c ia lly a c c e p ta b le ,
E n v iro n m e n ta l M a n a g e m e n t
to w a rd s S u s ta in a b ility
E conom ic analysis
Product L C I
E co-design
D isposal com pany auditing
M aterial consum ption m onitoring and reduction
M a n u fa c tu rin g s ite m g m t.. s y s te m s a u d itin g
M a n u fa c tu rin g s ite e n v iro n m e n ta l auditing
A uditing m ajor & new supplier s
• U n d e rs ta n d & a n tic ip a te .
• In te ra c t
R e s o u rc e U s e a n d
W a s te M a n a g e m e n t
A d d re s s in g S o c ia l C o n c e rn s
D
D ata
a ta
O rg a n is a tio n
D E C IS IO N M A K IN G
Environmental Management - an overall framework
Goal:
Environmentally and Economically Sustainable Management
1.
Human and
Environment
al Safety
2.
Regulatory
Compliance
3.
Efficient
Resource use
and waste
management
Human health Risk
Assessment
(occupational and
consumer exposure
Manufacturing site
compliance auditing
Manufacturing site
wastes and energy
consumption,
monitoring and
reduction
Elements:
Tools:
Manufacturing site
waste reporting (e.g.
TRI)
Material consumption
reporting
Environmental Risk
Assessment at all
‘life’-stages of the
chemical (i.e.
production,
formulation, use and
disposal)
New Chemical testing
and registration
Material consumption
monitoring and
reduction
Supplier auditing
Product LCI/LCA
Product and packaging
classification and
labeling
Eco-design
Economic Analysis
4.
Addressing
societal concerns
(i.e. understand &
respond)
Understand:
-Opinion surveys
-Consumer and market
research
-Networking
Respond:
-public presentations
and publications
-Scientific and industry
working groups
-Reporting
-Co-operation with other
stakeholders to find
solutions
Air
Emissions
Solid
Waste
Substitution ?
What, why,
How ?
Aqueous
Emissions
SOUND MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICALS
S
U
S
T
A
I
N
A
B
I
L
I
T
Y
P
R
O
D
U
C
T
ENVIRONMENTAL
RISK
ASSESSMENT
PRODUCT
ACCEPTABILITY
(e.g. LCA, Cost-Benefit)
PRODUCT
Performance
(e.g. consumer/product
Score/testing)
HUMAN
RISK
ASSESSMENT
SOUND MANAGEMENT OF PRODUCTS
D
E
V
E
L
O
P
M
E
N
T
TOOL BOX ?

Risk Assessment

Lifecycle Assessment

Risk Management

Risk Communication

Cost-benefit

…and many other ….
Improving
the
Quality of
Life….
RISK ASSESSMENT
IS AN ESSENTIAL BUSINESS TOOL IN:

The Development of New Technologies, Product
Ingredients and Manufacturing Processes

Industrial Site and Emissions Evaluations

Registrations and Discharge Permits

Natural Resource Damage Assessments

Precautionary and Environmental Labeling
A Hazard - Risk Continuum
(Adapted from Swanson and Socha 1997)
Hazard
Toxicity +
PhysicalChemical
Properties
Ranking and Scoring
Toxicity +
PhysicalChemical
Properties +
Production/
Release
Toxicity +
Fate and
Transport
Model
Generic
Risk
Assessment
Amount and Specificity of Data Required
Risk
Endpoint-specific
Site-specific
Risk Assessment
Illustration of where the tools may fit
Chemical Use/
Avoidance
Priority list
(e.g. WFD)
CMRs
POPs COMMPS
Prioritization/
Screening for
Further
Assessment
Safe/Unsafe
Handling,
Production & Use
EURAM
MSDS
Labels
Hazard
Communication
Tools
Hazard
Classification
& Labelling
Chemical
Ranking &
Scoring Tools
Risk
Assessment
Risk
Assessment
RISK Management
How to think about substitution ?

Several basic ways to do this:
Reduce the Hazards
 Reduce the Exposure by the way a
product is designed (e.g., less of the same

substance, managing availability, or
fate/biodegradability
or a combination of both
 or innovate, substitute, ….

Ingredient x : Safety
success criteria
Safety programme:



Fate profile significantly better than
substitute
Effect profile not significantly different
than substitute
RQ in all compartments < 1
R&D and Business Realities
…. Performance/cost/….

Relative cost
Reference

$$

Sub-1

$$$$

Sub-2

$$$

Sub-3

$$

Sub-4

$

Specs


Performance

Env Safety
Need to account for
all legs of the stool
Since it may not be
actionable …
RISK Management
How to think about substitution ?

Other example: mass efficiency





use a 10X better performing chemical
twice as toxic as the one it replaces
 risk profile would be 5X better
It also (probably) has a significant
lifecycle benefit, as much less
materials/energy will be used to make it,
per unit of performance
Maybe cheaper as well….
THE HAZARDS OF
“HAZARD-BASED” substitution
Detaches “Dose” from “Risk”
 Is Easily Misperceived by the Public as
Synonymous with “Risk” – based action
 Does not encompass holistic human and
environmental risks
 Does not include entire life-cycle and
other ‘potential’ impacts

IP A /L C A
L ife C y c le
A ssessm ent
Life Cycle Analysis
of product/service
= Accounting of all energy and raw material
consumption (inputs) and associated environmental
emissions (outputs) for the whole life cycle of a
product or service
S u p p ly
M a n u f a c t u r in g
U se
D is p o s a l
IP A /L C A
L ife C y c le
A ssessm ent
LCA is a process that
(ISO)
1/ Evaluates the environmental burdens associated
with a product, process, or activity by identifying
and quantifying energy and materials used and
wastes released to the environment.
2/ Assesses the potential impact of the energy and
material flows on the environment,
3/ Identifies and evaluates opportunities for
environmental improvements.
What does LCA look at ?
Resource use efficiency:
- Energy
- Water
- Land
Impact categories:
- CO2 emission/Global warming
- Smog/Ozone formation
- Ozone depletion
- Acidification
- Eutrophication (N/P)
- Human health
- Ecotoxicity
Risk Assessment vs LCA
Life cycle assessment
(LCA)
LCA
Env. Risk assessment
(ERA)
ERA
Environment
LCA profile, report
Comparative
Voluntary
Clearance
Absolute
Compulsory
Evolution within the regular powder category
since 1988 excluding the use stage
R eco d o se
120%
P h o to ch em ical sm o g
100%
P ack ag in g /w ash
80%
60%
O zo n e d ep letio n
40%
E n erg y
20%
R eg u lar p o w d er 1 9 8 8
0%
R eg u lar p o w d er 2 0 0 1
C lim ate ch an g e
S o lid w aste
E u tro p h icatio n
A cid ificatio n
A q u atic to x icity
LCA vs Risk Assessment ?



RA and LCA are complementary tools, not
mutually exclusive
Decision for environmental improvement
and sustainable development must be
based on the outcome of variety of tools
There is not such thing as a simple
answer
CONCLUSIONS
BUSINESS REALITIES PLAY A ROLE IN SOUND
CHEMICAL AND PRODUCT MANAGEMENT
1. All Social Activities Carry Environmental
Pressures and Efforts are Needed to Identify the
Extent and Severity of this potential Impact
2. Technological Innovation is Essential to Human
and Environmental Quality Improvement and
Business Success
3. Only Products/Services Offering Competitive
Performance and Value Survive to Deliver
Environmental Benefits