Transcript Slide 1

Characteristics of
Communication
Week 3
Gregoria Arum Yudarwati
1
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Discussion 1
Identify the characteristics of communication!
2
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Characteristics of Communication
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The symbolic nature of communication
The intentional nature of communication
Communication planned behaviour
The transactional nature of communication
The contextual nature of communication
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1. The symbolic nature of communication
 Human symbolic activities – activities of using symbols
 A sign is something which stands for another thing.
For example :
(1) symptom (a cough is a symptom that someone
maybe sick)
(2) symbols (deliberately created to represent
something)
(3) ritual (it is a bit of symptom but also a bit of
symbols)
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2. The Intentional nature of communication
 The meaning is stimulated but is it stimulated
intentionally?
 Intentionally seems necessary to identify behaviour as
communication behaviour.
 It is to differentiate communication from perception.
Perception is an important part of communication, but
not all perceptions involve communcation
 Communication is a social rather that an individual
process
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3. Communication as planned behaviour
 Viewing communication as planned behaviour , in
essence, makes it clear that intentions are necessary
element of communication process
 A plan is a set of behaviours which the person
believes will accomplish a purpose
 Two types communication plan : verbal plans and
nonverbal plans
 Messages are symbolic behaviours which are shaped
and energised by communication plan
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4. The Transactional nature of
communication
 Communication involves people sending each other
messages which reflect the motivation of the
participants
 Communication is a process of mutual influence in
which participants’ motivations interact
 A give and take in communication
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5. The contextual nature of communication
 Communication is contextual
 A communication context is a type of situation in which
communication occurs
 Communication contexts include:
 interpesonal (communication between two people)
 Small group (communication involving several
people)
 Organisational (communication within and between
organisation)
 Public (a speaker addressing a large audience)
 Mass (communication which is mediated by mass
media)
 Intercultural (communication between people of
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different cultures)
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
SENDER
Self concept
Family
Culture
Skills
Feelings
Attitudes
Values
CHANNEL
MESSAGE
INTERFERENCE
FEEDBACK
RECEIVER
Self concept
Family
Culture
Skills
Feelings
Attitudes
Values
CONTEXT
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Elements of communication
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Sender
Message
Receiver
Feedback
Channel
Context or setting
Interference or noise
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SENDER
 Individuals who react to situation,
interpreting ideas, and filtering
experiences through their own
perception
 The sender encodes an idea or feeling
in words or signs that the receiver will
recognize and transmits this message
to the receiver
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MESSAGE
 The idea or feeling transmitted from the
sender to the receiver to achieve
understanding.
 It makes connection between sender
and receiver.
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RECEIVER
 The receiver decodes or interprets
the message to achieve
understanding.
 There is a perception process.
PERCEPTION = the way people
understand or give meaning to their
environment. – experience, attitudes,
beliefs, expectations, etc
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FEEDBACK
 It is a the receiver’s response to the
sender’s message, can be intentional or
intentional.
 It gives the communication continuity
 It indicates understanding or
misunderstanding of the message
 It stimulates further communication and
discussion
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CHANNEL
 A communication channel is the means
or technique used to signal or convey a
message.
 It is the vehicle for the message.
 It can be internal and external channel
 Information technology provides a fast
channel.
 IT is used to store, send, receive and
present information
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CONTEXT
 It consists of the situation,
circumstances or setting within which
communication takes place
 It plays an important part in encoding &
decoding process.
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INTERFERENCE OR NOISE
 The message is received is not the
same as the message sent because of
the noise or interference interrupts
intended message.
 It leads to misunderstanding and cause
communication barriers.
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COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
Communication barriers are caused by :
 Inappropriate choice of words
 Inappropriate channel
 Inappropriate message
 Receiver inattention
 Lack of courtesy by the sender/receiver
 Nonverbal that doesn’t support the words
 Different culture background
 Poor layout and presentation
 Inappropriate timing
 Inadequate feedback
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