Transcript Hvad er der sket - Danish Maritime Authority

The entrances to the Baltic – their
limitations and effect on the transport of
oil, safety and environmental concerns
by
Christian Breinholt
at
GOING SIF
International oil trading and transportation Conference
Moscow 30-31 March 2006
The Sound
Distance (Skaw – Bornholm)
approx. 250 nautical miles
Maximum draft:
7.7 meters
Traffic separation scheme:
Between Helsingør and
Helsingborg off Falsterbo
The Great Belt – Route T:
Distance (Skaw – Bornholm
Maximum draft:
Deep water routes:
Traffic separation Scheme:
Reporting system:
VTS:
approx. 370 nautical miles
15.0 meters
Hatter Barn
Belt off Langeland
North east of the Kadetrenne
Hatter Barn
Between Korsør and Sprogø
South of Gedser
SHIPPOS
Great Belt Traffic
Great Belt Traffic
The Sound
The Sound - all passages – all ship types
Passages
Dwt (mio)
Average
Dwt
Passages
Dwt. (mio)
Average
Dwt
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
40,046
268
6,702
37,806
216
5,718
37,648
234
6,223
38,902
237
6,095
39,466
256
6,474
35,745
268
7,511
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
5,205
51
9,824
5,191
46
8,9
5,423
59
10,848
5,713
61
10,615
5,577
71
12,693
5,421
79
14,541
• In general fewer passages but larger ships
• A dramatic increase in size of tanker
passages
The Great Belt
Table 1 - All ship passages at VTS Great Belt - all ship types
Ship passages
Dwt.* (mio)
Average Dwt.* a
passage
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
24,527
298
12,149
23,524
315
13,533
20,928
346
16,56
23,24
374
16,235
23,745
422
17,832
24,324
470
19,446
Dead weight tonnage
Table 2 – passages of tankers at VTS Great Belt
Tanker
passages
Dwt.* (mio)
Average dwt.*
a passage
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
5,166
5,166
5,17
5,509
5,876
6,076
149
28,904
165
31,983
187
36,155
210
38,147
263
44,682
296
48,742
• In general an increase in the size of ships
• A dramatic increase in size and number of tanker
passages
The major limitations for tranport of oil are
• A maximum draft of 15.0 m in route T (equivalent to about
105,000 DWt.)
The characteristics are
• Increased traffic density
• Strong sea current, shallow depth, sharp turns, coming traffic,
head-on-situations
The effect is:
• Extensive and growing volumes of ship-to-ship operations
• Groundings
• Collisions
• Increasing traffic of large oil tankers will lead to a need for
allocating timeslots for passage of Hatter Barn and Agersø Flak
Number and volume of Ship to Ship
transfer in Danish waters
Number
Volume (million tonnes)
* Estimated
2001
10*
2002
20*
2003
30*
2004
57
3.2
2005
52
3.2
2005 distribution on locations
Off Frederikshavn In the bay of Kalundborg Elsewhere
Number of transfers
32
18
2
Volume (million tonnes)
2.8
0,4
0,02
Admiral Danish Fleet
Civilian tasks
CIVILIAN TASKS:
• MAS
• JRCC
• MARITIME INVIRONMENT
• OIL SPILL RESPONSE
• AERIAL AND SATELLITE SURVEILLANCE
• MARITIME SECURITY
• ICEBREAKING
• VTS
AARHUS:
Admiral Danish Fleet
KORSOER:
• VTS
10
Groundings and collisions
in the Great Belt
from
1 January 1997 to 1 July 2005
8 years and 6 months
Delimitation of the area
Facts on collisions
3
2
Number
1
0
1997
1999
2001
13 collisions
2003
2005
Weather conditions
Wind and current have not been mentioned as a contributing factor at
any of the collisions
•
•
•
•
Visibility
2 collisions occurred in dense fog (visibility under 0.25 nm)
2 collisions occurred in limited visibility (0.5-2 nm)
2 collisions occurred in moderate visibility (2-5 nm)
4 collisions occurred in good visibility (over 5nm)
There is no information on the last 3 collisions
Size and type of the ship
Gross tonnage of the ships
0 – 99
5
100 – 499
2
500 – 3000
3
3000 – 10,000
3
10,000 – 50,000
7
Over 50,000
2
Total
22
GT of navy vessels and pleasure crafts are not known
Size and type of the ship
Ship types
Tanker
3
Bulk carrier
2
Ro-ro cargo ship
2
Container ship
2
General cargo ship
3
Reefer ship
1
Passengership
2
Fishing vessel
5
Pleasure craft
3
Other
3
Total
26
Consequences
• None of the 13 collisions resulted in oil pollution
• The cargo ships involved in collisions in October 2004 and May
2005 got considerable indents and was detained after the
collisions
• Three of the fishing vessels sank
• One fisherman died when the fishing vessel sank after the
collision
• Two crewmembers on a pleasure craft died when the craft was
sailed down by a coaster
Damage on a container ship after a collision
Facts on groundings
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Number
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Red: Collisions
Green: Groundings
Where do the groundings occur?
At Hatter DW route (19 m)
At Hatter diagonal route (15 m)
At Route T – Elefantgrunden
At Route T – Egholm Flak
At Route T – Agersoe Flak/Vengeancegrund
Langelandsbælt DW route (19 meters)
At Route H
Kerteminde Bugt (Kerteminde Bugt)
Ships that did not follow the routes
Not indicated
Total
9
10
1
1
5
3
4
4
5
4
46
Hatter
Leveret
Resolution MSC.138(76) on
recommendation through the entrances to
the Baltic Sea entered into force on 1
December 2003
The resolution recommends use of pilot:
 On ships with draught of 11 m or more
 On ships carrying shipment of irradiated nuclear fuel,
plutonium and high-level radioactive wastes
- when following the established routing system through
the entrances to the Baltic Sea (Route T)
None of the ships involved in
the 46 groundings had a pilot
on board
The latest oil pollution in the Great Belt
took place in January 2005
• The ship was penetrated over a length of
40 m of the bottom
• The oil polluted the coast over a long
distance
• More than 4,000 seabirds died or had to be
put down
The Danish authorities detain all grounded ships until it is
considered safe for the ships to proceed.
A pollution response vessel is sent to the scene and remain
standby until the grounded ship has been set afloat and there
is no longer any risk for pollution.
The ships await the authorisation of the authorities before it
may be set afloat or continue its journey.
Typically, it is the relevant classification soceity which on
behalf of the flag state – sets out the criteria for the ship’s
further navigation.
It is often necessary to lighter the ship before tugboats set it
afloat.
Lightering of a grounded ship lasts up to one week.
The maximum period of time that a ship grounded in the
Great Belt had to wait before it was set afloat was 30 days.
Estimated costs of the grounding that took place
during last year’s MARE FORUM in St. Petersburg
Off-hire loss
USD 1,450,000
Repair expenses
USD 1,000,000
Salvage expenses
Environmental
protection
Total
USD 350,000
USD 30,000
USD 2,830,000
Conclusion
• The Great Belt is part of the Baltic Sea, which is recognised
by the IMO as a particularly sensitive area, highly vulnerable
to oil pollution
• There is a high political and public attention on the risk of
groundings in the Danish waters, particularly in the narrow
straits including the Great Belt
• Further groundings will continue to fuel the negative image
that the public has of the shipping industry
Conclusion – continued
Not taking a pilot in accordance with Resolution MSC.138(76)
on recommendation on navigation through the entrances to
the Baltic Sea is:
• a repellent exploitation of a legal regime established long
before any one could imagine the type and size of cargo
of today
• detrimental to our common goals on safety and protection of
the environment
• and very bad business
October 2005:
DMA produced an information paper showing that the
grounded ship could have taken pilot more than 375 times for
the amount spent on the grounding
The information paper was sent to relevant partners of the
shipping industry
Strongly advising large ships always to take pilot on their way
in and out of the Baltic Sea, and as minimum, to follow
Resolution MSC.138(76) on recommendation through the
entrances to the Baltic Sea
November 2005:
The paper was submitted to the 24th
session of the IMO Assembly
December 2005:
INTERTANKO, INTERCARGO and the Danish authorities
decided to establish the Joint Pilotage User Group (JPUG)
May 2006:
The JPUG will be established with participation
of DMA, RDANH, INTERTANKO, INTERCARGO,
BIMCO, ICS and OCIMF
www.dma.dk
Safety Study:
Groundings and Collisions in the Great Belt 1997 - 2005
can be downloaded from the DMA’s homepage under
Casualty Investigation – Safety Studies
Grounding of ELETHERIA,
Panama flag,
1
2
4
3
Collision between German Arngast and ATLANTIC,
Marshall Islands, on 4 August 2005
ARNGAST
ATLANTIC
Grounding of EVER MIGHTY, Panama flag,
on 11 November 2005
Collision between VERTIGO, Jamaica flag, and
ZIEMIA LODZKA, Liberia flag on 7 December 2005