Transcript Metropolitan Individual System of Transportation on

Olgierd (Ollie) Mikosza
(MSc CS & EE)
[email protected]
+48 (505) 051-339
Zakopane
Poland
Metropolitan Individual System of
Transportation on an Elevated Rail
- MISTER
For individual transportation of people and cargo
in metropolitan (city) areas (pat. pending)
(a cross of a driverless taxi with a metro)
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no prior “state of art” knowledge…
unique combination …
no known systems in operation …
no real future in “old” systems development …
“open minds” needed …
How did it all start …
30 years of work around the World in many IT fields
2 years of traffic jams in California
How does it work ?
(eg. Browns’ family is going to the cinema)
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They go to the nearest MISTER Stop (max of 200-300 m away from
their apartment).
Select destination (theater complex in a MALL, 3km away) and validate
their identity + payment capability via CC etc.
Board waiting PAT (if not there, one will arrive in max of 2 mins).
PAT accelerates and merges into main MISTER line, 6-10 m above the
street.
They have only 5 minutes before reaching destination (no stopping) to
chat, watch city sights, TV, commercials or listen to music.
PAT leaves main transit line for an off-line stop inside the MALL, near
the movies complex.
Browns’ family disembark and PAT is available for another trip,
anywhere else on the MISTER network.
TST05 Conference, 3-5 Nov
2005, Katowice
(c) MISTER by Ollie Mikosza, Poland
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Subjects to discuss:
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City Transport Problems
MISTER features and operation
SOCRATES – a Key to MISTER
Performance Comparison
Estimated Costs
Benefits of MISTER solution
Objections
Summary
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LITI - Light Intracity
Transport Infrastructure
PAT - Personal
Autonomous Transporter
TST05 Conference, 3-5 Nov
2005, Katowice
(c) MISTER by Ollie Mikosza, Poland
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2. Main features and operation
1. LITI – Light Intracity Transport Infrastructure
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concrete, metal, Kevlar or laminated wood
columns supporting metal „grid rails”.
Off-line ( parallel ) stations
Small stations (PAT stops) every 300-500 m.
Possible enclosing of LITI inside light, transparent
„tube” to protect it from weather elements.
Standardized size and structure of LITI building
blocks.
Potential „parking lots” for PATs within strategic
station areas, when PATs are not in use.
2. PAT - Personal Autonomous Transporter vehicles
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self propelled, small, light (composite materials)
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Maximum PAT density – every 10m
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Low speed (<50km/h)
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Demand driven - no empty runs
3. SOCRATES – automation and control
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control of all MISTER functions, from scheduling
and business to every sensor monitoring.
Distributed, Integrated processing
TST05 Conference, 3-5 Nov
2005, Katowice
(c) MISTER by Ollie Mikosza, Poland
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PAT - Personal Autonomous Transporter
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In contrast to current public
transport systems, we have
small, driverless vehicles for
non stop, point-to-point travel
within LITI network.
PATs are carrying only 1-4
passengers
• They are very light (200-300kg)
because they:
TST05 Conference, 3-5 Nov
2005, Katowice
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Travel at low speeds
(<50km/h)
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Use light, efficient electric
motor (less than 10 KW)
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Have no car like wheels and
suspension
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Don’t need crash proofing or
heavy load construction
(c) MISTER by Ollie Mikosza, Poland
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Stations (PAT stops)
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Visualization of stations from similar
systems, show small ground infrastructure
requirements.
PATs, which do not need to stop at a given
station, are simply bypassing it on the main
LITI line, without changing their speed.
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A single ramp with a space for only 5 PATs
can handle over 1000 passengers p/hr!
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Stops may be located inside buildings,
schools, hospitals, shopping malls etc.
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For heavy demand locations, PAT Stops may
have several parallel bays for loading of
passengers or cargo (both in vertical and
horizontal directions).
Fig.3a – simple
station by
www.skytran.net
Fig.3c PAT
storage in
„cage”
garages
Cargo areas may be separated from
passenger areas for security and congestion
reasons.
Some stations have multi-level „cage
garages” (Fig.3c), to store PATs, if there is no
demand during off-peak times.
Fig.3b –simple station by
www.higherway.us
TST05 Conference, 3-5 Nov
2005, Katowice
(c) MISTER by Ollie Mikosza, Poland
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LITI Installation Method
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Total cost of a single column , including
materials and labour should be around
$2000 !
1. Drill a foundation hole
2. Sink reinforcement cage
3. Pour Concrete
4. Bolt on a column
5. Bolt on rail hanger
6. Mount rails
Fig.7 LITI installation method
by www.skytran.net
TST05 Conference, 3-5 Nov
2005, Katowice
(c) MISTER by Ollie Mikosza, Poland
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„Static rail switch” for
stations and intersections
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On-ramp (merging into main traffic A-Bw-C)
- Fig 2 :
• Motion on „right” wheels (#19) of engine
caddy in the merging area „A”
• Motion on „all” wheels (#9,19) of engine caddy
in the merging and main rail area „Bw”
• Motion on „left” wheels (#9) of engine caddy
in the main rail area „C”.
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Off-ramp (C-Bz-A) - Fig 4:
• Reversal of the sequence above, using „Bz”
area.
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LITI lines intersection - Fig 5:
• Joining of the off/on ramp sequences in the
intersection area of LITI (C-Bz-A-Bw-C).
TST05 Conference, 3-5 Nov
2005, Katowice
(c) MISTER by Ollie Mikosza, Poland
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3. SOCRATES – PURPOSE AND OPERATION
(System for Optimization, Control, Route Analysis and Traffic Environment Supervision)
Main tasks of this sub-system is control of automation and computing
functions of all MISTER operations.
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SOCRATES is a communication, control and processing network consisting of
MOBILE and STATIONARY computers and their interaction. Computers are located
in vehicles, stations and Control Centre. SOCRATES is also based on the three,
cooperating technologies:
ACT - Adjacent Cell Transmission allows PAT vehicles, which are nearby, to
communicate directly with each other and with nearby station via radio links.
This ensures that movement safety is always provided, regardless of the
Central and/or Stations Computer Systems are malfunctioning or have failed.
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GPS - Geo Positional System provides positioning data for PAT vehicle as well
as for Central and Station systems
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xCS - Computer- System , i.e. interconnected computer applications broken
down to 3 levels of operation and location :
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vCS - Vehicle (Local) i.e. information about PAT, all its components and status
sCS - Station (Tactical) i.e. all events taking place in and around Station
mCS – Master (Strategic), i.e. in relation to entire MISTER system and all its
components
TST05 Conference, 3-5 Nov
2005, Katowice
(c) MISTER by Ollie Mikosza, Poland
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4. Performance Comparison
Parameters :
Max Vehicle passengers capacity (VC)
Max no. of vehicles p/hr (VPH)
Max vehicle speed
Average vehicle speed (AVS)
Average vehicle time spacing
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Bus/tram
Metro
MISTER
50
180
60 km/h
10 km/h
20 sec
400
60
100 km/h
30 km/h
60 sec
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4,000
40 km/h
9,000
24,000
16,000
110,000
720,000
640,000
Max line throughput - PAX/hr
(single „track”, one direction, VC * VPH)
1. PAX mileage/hr capacity:
(VC * VPH * AVS)
2. Relative Energy efficiency (p/payload
unit)
3. Convenience :
4. Min-Max (Avg) Waiting + access time
Relative „system goodness” factor :
TST05 Conference, 3-5 Nov
2005, Katowice
0.9 sec
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> 10
Poor (2)
Poor (2)
Outstanding (5)
1-10 min (5)
5-10 min (8)
1-4 min (2)
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10
400
0,5
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< 0,1
Normalized [(1 * 2 * 3) / 4 ]
Relative cost of passenger-km
estimate: (infrastructure,
maintenance, staffing, vehicles)
40 km/h
(c) MISTER by Ollie Mikosza, Poland
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5. Estimated Costs
Some costing „perspectives” :
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$100 billion wasted in traffic jams in 2000 in USA alone !
( http://www.ai.uic.edu/projectMain.html )
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Approximate costs (in US$) of city infrastructures :
• 40 storey sky scraper
• multilevel intersection
• 1 km metro (underground)
• 1 km of Automated People Movers (APM)
• 1 km of Light Rail (LRT)
• 1 km of 6 lane freeway
• 1 km of 4 lane highway
• 1 km of tramway
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$ 200+ M
$ 20-100 M
$ 200+ M
$ 100+ M
$ 30-50 M
$ 30+ M
$ 10+ M
$ 5-10 M
 Cost of MISTER p/km (in built up area) :
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LITI (50 columns, 2 km of „rail”, labor)
Stations (6 - small structures with 1 bay for 10 vehicles)
PATs (200 @ $10K p/vehicle)
Automation, LITI sensors and control
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$1.0
$1.0
$2.0
$1.0
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TOTAL cost p/km (with ! Rolling stock !) :
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$5.0 M
TST05 Conference, 3-5 Nov
2005, Katowice
(c) MISTER by Ollie Mikosza, Poland
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6. Benefits of MISTER SYSTEM
ELIMINATION or MAJOR IMPROVEMENT in the following traffic FACTORS :
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No collisions (ultimate safety)
Individual and direct mode of transportation for each passenger or cargo
between start and destination, no queuing, delays, congestion and empty
runs.
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No air pollution
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Minimal energy consumption per payload unit
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Minimal cost and time of infrastructure development even with inner city
roads, while traffic payload is comparable to Metro
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Minimal infrastructure real estate demands
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anti-terrorist properties, due to “target dispersement”
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anti-flooding quality, since it operates meters above the ground
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Minimal transit times between start and destination
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Reduction in remaining road vehicles congestions, accidents, traffic jams and
reduction in number of lorries delivering/collecting goods within city
TST05 Conference, 3-5 Nov
2005, Katowice
(c) MISTER by Ollie Mikosza, Poland
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7. Objections
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Lack of private car convenience (door to door) – cannot be helped, but within city
centres and for work commute MISTER beats traffic jams, accidents, parking hassles, driving
stress and car costs. Lack of „car like” alternative forces people to use cars. With availability
of MISTER, it will change !
Costs are much higher than projected (see cable cars) – untrue. Cable cars cannot
match MISTER in terms of speed, convenience, functionality and many other parameters.
They are also expensive due to large structures, therefore exponential technical problems (eg.
cable itself). In MISTER everything is „small”, not demanding in technical terms and hence
lower costs.
Same as „Wuppertal” concept – untrue. Wuppertal was an aerial tramway, not an
individual travel between any 2 grid points without stopping. It was big, old technology
applied to a different concept (more like rail, not individual travel).
Nobody did it so far, so it cannot be done –„unscientific” attitude.
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Only today, the cost of sensors, computing power and know-how makes it possible!
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From construction and mechanical perspective, MISTER is almost trivial!
„foreign infrastructure appearance” for the current urban landscape – untrue. Many
cities already have overhead rail/metro systems. Some 100 cities installed ugly „cable
tramway” systems, so MISTER will look good in comparison to those and will blend into the
landscape of any modern city.
Privacy invasion (looking thru the windows) due to rail elevation – Cannot be helped
in some city areas, but many cities already do not have private apartments at low levels, due
to noise and pollution. This is not a main problem but a matter of public education and
acceptance.
Computer system is “too complex” – it is NOT “too” complex. This happens to be my field,
so I know that it CAN be done, and undertake, to create it, from scratch, without hundreds of
programmers, without hundreds of millions of $$ and within 2 years !
...?
TST05 Conference, 3-5 Nov
2005, Katowice
(c) MISTER by Ollie Mikosza, Poland
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8. Summary
Main benefits of MISTER are derived from
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reduction of:
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Surface and air friction (< 50% of a car)
Mass of vehicle (< 50% of a car)
Number of vehicles in operation (< 50%)
Unnecessary, multiple acceleration/breaking (< 5x)
Energy consumption p/payload unit (< 5x)
Cost of infrastructure - land and construction (< 5x)
Environment pollution (< 5x)
and increase of :
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Safety (through no collisions and passenger identification)
Average travel speed (40 km/h)
Comfort of travel
TST05 Conference, 3-5 Nov
2005, Katowice
(c) MISTER by Ollie Mikosza, Poland
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REFERENCES
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[1] - http://kinetic.seattle.wa.us
[2]. http://www.ai.uic.edu/projectMain.html
[3]. http://www.publicpurpose.com
[4]. http://www.transwatch.co.uk
[5] http://www.atsltd.co.uk
[6]]. http://www.personalrapidtransit.com
TST05 Conference, 3-5 Nov
2005, Katowice
(c) MISTER by Ollie Mikosza, Poland
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Thank You
and
think about it !
This WILL happen very soon !

TST05 Conference, 3-5 Nov
2005, Katowice
(c) MISTER by Ollie Mikosza, Poland
17