Transcript PowerPoint 프레젠테이션
Organizational Development & Lifelong Learning : An Educational Approach
Yi, Byung Jun (Department of Education / Pusan National University South Korea / bjyi62@hotmail)
I. The Concept and Approaches of Organizational Development
2
● “Organizational development” (OD) is “the process of increasing organizational effectiveness and facilitating personal and organizational change through the use of interventions driven by social and behavioral science knowledge." (Anderson, 2010: 3)
● Approaches of OD 1. Approach of management & administration : Efficiency, Productivity 2. Approach of organizational psychology : Motivation 3. Approach of (Educational) Technology : Systematic teaching-learning design (focused on micro level of the teaching-learning) 4. Educational approach : Subjective ability & competence (focused on all levels of learning & appropriation in cultural context )
Ⅱ. Organizational development - a viewpoint of education science
5
● What is “educational approach”? 1. Educational approach has a “independent” & “own” viewpoint and focus on educational action (päd.Handeln) (E. Weniger / W. Flitner) .
2. Educational action means “to help, promote & support being possible to think, feel, reflect, judge and act by oneself/itself”.
● F.D. Schleiermacher
- (related to the OD) maintenance/preservation of the organization?
or improvement of the organization?
or to find the optimum point between 1 and 2 by the situation and the scene ?
● Th. Litt
● John Dewey
- (related to the OD) To make free communication and exchange practicable within an organization
● “democratic concept in education” “Not only is social life identical with communi cation, but all communication is educative. To be a recipient of a communication is to have an enlarged and changed experience. One shares is what another has thought and felt and in so far, meagerly or empty, has his own attitude modified.” (Dewey, 1955:16)
● “democratic concept in education” “There must be a large variety of shared undertaking and experiences. Otherwise, the influences which educate some into masters, educate others into slaves. And the experience of each party loses in meaning, when the free interchanged of varying modes of life-experience is arrested." (Dewey, 1987:133)
● John Dewey
“When an individual moves from one situation into another situation, his world and environment can be expanded or shrink. However, he comes to realize that he still lives in the same single world, but in its different part or in its another aspect. The knowledge or skills he learned in one situation can be a tool to effectively understand and deal with other situation following the existing situation. Such process ceaselessly takes place, as an individual’s life continues and his learning continues.
Otherwise, individual elements which participate in establishment of an experience come to be separated with each other, so the path of experiences will be disordered. Dispersed world, that is to say, the world where its various components and aspects are not combined with each other and not to shape a single form, immediately becomes a sign of fragmented personality. At the same time, such world becomes the cause for fragmentation of personality.” (J. Dewey)
S
S Act of Thinking O ≠ S S – Subject O – Object S (Figure 1) Action Structure of Human Thinking Action O ≠ S (Benner, 1987: 70)
● Norbert Elias
Ⅲ. Organizational Development - new view of the education science (cultural learning approach)
15
● Ch. Wulf
● Y. Engeström
● P. Alheit et al.
Level of Dominant and Normative Orientation Institutional and Analytical System (Law, Academic Field, Religion, Art) Systematized Analytical System (Social Organizations such as Mass Media, Political Party, Social Association and etc.) Praxis of Everyday Analysis (Value Orientation on the Level of Class, Rank, Subculture, Social Environment, and Lifestyle) Formation of Strong Tradition (Aesthetic Stylization, Universal Analysis Knowledge) Formation of Initiative Tradition (Life-World Analysis Knowledge) Voluntary Narrative Level of Event and Experience
(Figure 2) Layers of Social Memory (Alheit/Hoerning, 1983: 141
Analysis Schema Recall Schema
Ⅳ. Theorizing of Organization development - based on cultural learning theory -
19
● organizational development
in a viewpoint of cultural learning theory means ● to develop an organization with the aspect of organization culture and ● to pay attention to learning culture within and surrounding organization
● “A pattern of shared basic assumptions that was learned by a group as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, that has worked well enough to be considered valued and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problem.” (Schein, 2004: 17; Anderson, 2010: 27)
● “They argued, as did Deal and Kennedy (1982) in Corporate Culture, that organizations can improve productivity and profits by changing the culture, accomplished by changing cultural values. Some organizational values, such as believing that the organization is impervious to competitive threats, jeopardize certain adaptive behaviors (such as environmental scanning and a driven toward transformative change).”(Anderson, 2010: 27)
● “The commonsense culture perspective as a lens on organizational life began to dominate practitioner and academic literature as managers and consultants became interested in strategies to intervene and change organizational culture.” (Anderson, 2010: 28)
● “learning culture” is material conditions for formation of learning course (ex: learning environment, materials, space, behavior etc.) and associative relation of symbolic instruction (ex: interpretation tool, the characteristic of socio cultural environment, relation of power etc.) and design which is based on imagination (a idea about education, an appearance of community, development model, body image etc.) (Ch. Wulf et al, 2007).
appetizer … asican viewpoint
Paradigm 1. (Yang)
Paradigm 2. (Yin)
ID OD individual development competency development organizational development learningculture arrangement
Thank you.
Byung-woo Bae